The Feasibility of Retrieving Retained Hemostatic Clips in the Stomach: Case Series

Hemostatic clips are widely used to treat gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and closure of defects in the GI tract. Few data on retrieving hemostatic clips retained in the GI tract are available. Patients who had hemostatic clips retained in the stomach for more than 2 weeks after placement were enrolled. Clips were removed with grasping forceps during endoscopy. In 15 patients, a total of 45 clips were placed, and 31 clips (68.9%) were retained. The median periods of clip retention was 105 days (range, 39~1,383 days). Twenty-seven clips (87.1%) were successfully retrieved with grasping forceps, and four clips (12.9%) were not removed because they were fixed on the stomach wall. Adverse events occurred in two patients (13.3%): both involved immediate bleeding at the retrieval site; however, the bleeding was completely treated by replacing the clips. In conclusion, retrieving clips retained long-term was relatively safe and feasible. Complications were easily controlled by re-placement of clips.

Portal-Splenic-Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis in a Patients with Protein S Deficiency due to Novel PROS1 Gene Mutation / 대한소화기학회지

Protein S (PS), a vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein, performs an important role in the anticoagulation cascade as a cofactor of protein C. Because of the presence of a pseudogene and two different forms of PS in the plasma, protein S deficiency (PSD) is one of the most difficult thrombophilias to study and a rare blood disorder associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. We describe a unusual case of previously healthy 37-year-old man diagnosed with portal-splenic-mesenteric vein thrombosis secondary to PSD. The patient was admitted to the hospital due to continuous nonspecific abdominal pain and nausea. Abdominal computed tomography revealed acute venous thrombosis from inferior mesenteric vein to left portal vein via splenic vein, and laboratory test revealed decreased PS antigen level and PS functional activity. Conventional polymerase chain reaction and direct DNA sequencing analysis of the PROS1 gene demonstrated duplication of the 166th base in exon 2 resulting in frame-shift mutation (p.Arg56Lysfs*10) which is the first description of the new PROS1 gene mutation to our knowledge. Results from other studies suggest that the inherited PSD due to a PROS1 gene mutation may cause venous thrombosis in a healthy young man without any known predisposing factor.

A Case of Successful Recovery from High Dose Intravenous Nicorandil Infusion in Refractory Coronary Vasospasm with Hemodynamic Collapse / 영남의대학술지

A 70-year-old male came to the emergency room of the authors' hospital because of sudden cardiac arrest due to inferior wall ST elevation myocardial infarction. His coronary angiography revealed multiple severe coronary spasms in his very long left anterior descending artery. After an injection of intracoronary nitroglycerine, his stenosis improved. The cardiac arrest relapsed, however, accompanied by ST elevation of the inferior leads, while the patient was on diltiazem and nitrate medication to prevent coronary spasm. Recovery was not achieved even with cardiac massage, intravenous injection of epinephrine and atropine, and intravenous infusion of nitroglycerine. The patient eventually recovered through high-dose nicorandil intravenous infusion without ST elevation of his inferior leads. Therefore, intravenous infusion of a high dose of nicorandil must be considered a treatment option for cardiac arrest caused by refractory coronary vasospasm.

A Case of Vitamin D Deficiency with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism and Brown Tumor / 대한골다공증학회지

The importance of vitamin D for skeletal health is well known. Vitamin D deficiency causes secondary hyperparathyroidism, high bone turnover, bone loss, and osteoporotic fractures. We report a case of a 60-year-old women presenting with brown tumor in the proximal femur secondary to vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism. She took calcium supplements and vitamin D3 for 1 year and half dose of risedronate was prescribed for 5 months. After 1 year, pain in the pelvis was much improved and Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and femoral neck increased by 37% and 29%, respectively.

A Case of Septic Azygos Vein Embolism Caused by Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia / 결핵및호흡기질환

A Septic embolism is a type of embolism infected with bacteria containing pus. These may become dangerous if dislodged from their original location. Embolisms of this type in the azygos vein are potentially fatal. The diagnosis of septic azygos vein embolism is difficult, so rapid diagnosis and treatment is important to avoid complications. Generally, treatment is enough for appropriate antibiotic therapy without anticoagulant therapy. We report a case of staphylococcal septic embolism in the azygos vein, which was discovered in a 51-year-old man exhibiting chest pain, dyspnea and fever. The patient was treated with antibiotic therapy alone without the use of anticoagulants.

Osteochondroma of the Rib Mimicking a Mediastinal Mass: Unexpected Menifestation in Hereditary Multiple Exostoses / 영남의대학술지

Osteochondroma is a common bone tumor but a rare tumor in the rib. It is often asymptomatic and observed incidentally. This is a case report of a 49-year-old woman with an osteochondroma mimicking a mediastinal mass in hereditary multiple exostoses. The chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) scans revealed the bony density feature of the mass. Surgical excision confirmed that the lesion was an osteochondroma.

A Case of Eosinophilic Bronchitis Associated with Tracheal Diverticulum / 영남의대학술지

Tracheal diverticulum is relatively rare. It results from congenital or acquired weakness of the tracheal wall. Most cases are asymptomatic, but when symptoms are present, they are usually nonspecific. A 54-year-old man complained of sputum lasting for several months. Chest computed tomography showed an air-containing cystic structure in the trachea. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy demonstrated ostium arising from the right posterolateral wall at the trachea. Reported herein is a case of eosinophilic bronchitis associated with tracheal diverticulum.

Parameters Measuring Beta-Cell Function Are Only Valuable in Diabetic Subjects with Low Body Mass Index, High Blood Glucose Level, or Long-Standing Diabetes

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the most precise and clinically practicable parameters that predict future oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA) failure in patients with type 2 diabetes, and to determine whether these parameters are valuable in various subgroups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We took fasting blood samples from 231 patients for laboratory data and standard breakfast tests for evaluation of pancreatic beta-cell function. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were tested, and we collected data related to hypoglycemic medications one year from the start date of the study. RESULTS: Fasting C-peptide, postprandial insulin and C-peptide, the difference between fasting and postprandial insulin, fasting beta-cell responsiveness (M0), postprandial beta-cell responsiveness (M1), and homeostasis model assessment-beta (HOMA-B) levels were significantly higher in those with OHA response than in those with OHA failure. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) measured with postprandial C-peptide to predict future OHA failure was 0.720, and the predictive power for future OHA failure was the highest of the variable parameters. Fasting and postprandial C-peptide, M0, and M1 levels were the only differences between those with OHA response and those with OHA failure among diabetic subjects with low body mass index, high blood glucose level, or long-standing diabetes. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, postprandial C-peptide was most useful in predicting future OHA failure in type 2 diabetic subjects. However, these parameters measuring beta-cell function are only valuable in diabetic subjects with low body mass index, high blood glucose level, or long-standing diabetes.

A Case of Cerebral Infarction Complicated by Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the most common pathogen of the respiratory tract among school- aged children and young adults. The incidence of CNS complication is reported as 0.1-7% of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. We experienced a case of cerebral infarction complicated by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and reviewed the literature about the CNS complication of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

Clinical Studies of Cerebral Palsy

PURPOSE: Cerebral palsies are the most common and severe motor disabilities in childhood. There is currently increased interest in their occurrence and patterns of likely cause for a variety of reasons. Therefore, a retrospective study was carried out to understand the clinical features of cerebral palsy. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of all children with cerebral palsy who were diagnosed at St. Benedict Hospital between March 1999 and March 2001. RESULTS: Cerebral palsy patients were classified into 6 major groups. Of six groups, spastic diplegia is the most common type of cerebral palsy(55.3%). The risk factors of cerebral palsy were placenta previa(1 case), placenta abruption(1 case), cytomegalovirus infection(1 case), prematurity (53 cases), neonatal asphyxia(12 cases), dystocia(2 cases), breech delivery(1 case), multiple birth(5 cases), head trauma(3 cases), meningitis(2 cases) and unknown(26 cases). Among the 59 in the preterm group, 37 patients showed MR or CT images of periventricular leukomalacia. Among the 44 in the term group, 15 patients showed MR or CT images of atrophy. Among 103 patients, 29 patients(28.2%) had a seizure disorder. CONCLUSION: It is very importent to understand the clinical features and risk factors of cerebral palsy for physicians to diagnose and manage cerebral palsy patient.

A Case of Intestinal Perforation in Henoch-Sch nlein Purpura

Henoch-Sch nlein purpura(HSP) is one of the most common vasculitic diseases of childhood, referred to as a leukocytoclastic vasculitis affecting small vessels. Although HSP related gastrointestinal symptoms are seen in up to 80% of patients during acute illness, these symptoms are usually transient. However, some patients with HSP have gastrointestinal major surgical complications such as intussusception, bowel infarction, necrosis, stricture, and perforation. We experienced a rare case of HSP-related ileal perforation developed after corticosteroid treatment. We report a case with HSP-related intestinal perforation and assess the effect of corticosteroid on the outcome of abdominal pain in children with HSP.