Notes on the phlebotomine sand flies from the Peruvian Southeast - I. Descrption of Lutzomyia (Helcocyrtomyia) adamsi n. sp. (Diptera: Psychodidae)

A new species of phlebotomine sand fly, Lutzomyia adamsi n. sp., is described and illustrated from specimens collected during August 1994, in Sandia, Department of Puno, Peru. According to the Oficina Nacional de Evaluacion de Recursos Naturales (ONERN 1976), this locality is situated in the life zone known as humid, mountain, low tropical forest (bh-MBT). Many areas in the northern part of Puno, mainly in the Inambari and Tambopata basins, are endemic to leishmaniasis. These areas are the continuation of others, largely known as "leishmaniasic" in the departments of Cusco and Madre de Dios. The morphological characteristics indicated that this species belongs to the genus Lutzomyia, subgenus Helcocyrtomyia Barreto, 1962.

Breeding point and larval association of anopheline mosquitoes of northwest Mindoro, Philippines.

A larval survey of stream breeding Anopheles was conducted in the foothills of northwest Mindoro Island, Philippines. Eleven species were collected with An. ludlowae constituting 27.9% of the total. The three malaria vectors in the area, An. flavirostris, An. maculatus and An. mangyanus, made up 25.2, 5.1 and 3.8% of the collection, respectively. Breeding point induces were used to identify optimum habitat and larval association analyses. An. annularis and An. ludlowae had high positive association index with An. flavirostris, while An. mangyanus and An. filipinae appeared to have poor association within the breeding point.

Chloroquine and quinine resistant Plasmodium falciparum on the island of Mindoro, Philippines, 1982.

A field study was conducted on the island of Mindoro, Republic of the Philippines in which over 800 persons were screened for malaria and approximately 8% were found positive. The in vitro microtechnique was used to test for sensitivity to chloroquine, amodiaquine, mefloquine and quinine in 20 slide-confirmed P. falciparum cases. Sixteen of these cases were also followed for in vivo chloroquine sensitivity. Four cases showed in vitro resistance to chloroquine; 2 also showed resistance to quinine. All showed in vitro sensitivity to mefloquine and amodiaquine. The results of in vivo test were consistent with either a sensitive (S) or R-1, resistant response to chloroquine. Taken together, the in vitro and in vivo chloroquine tests indicate 4 cases of chloroquine resistance at the R1 level.

A preliminary survey of malaria in Occidental, Mindoro, Philippines.

A survey of malaria in Northwest Mindoro, Occidental, Mindoro, Philippines is reported. Three species of human plasmodia were identified from 600 blood films examined. The overall prevalence of malaria was 7% (2.8% P. falciparum, 4.3% P. vivax, 0.7% P. malariae). The prevalence of malaria was highest (24%) among children 0 to 15 years of age and only 4 cases (12%) were found among persons over the age of 15. Males and females were equally infected. Study sites with the highest slide-positivity rate were located in the foothill regions which corresponded with the observed presence of two malaria vectors, Anopheles minimus flavirostris and An. maculatus. These sites appeared to be adequate for future studies of drug-resistance, although large numbers of suitable candidates would not be expected.