Development and characteristics of auricular fumigation moxibustion combined with heat-sensitive moxibustion device / 中国针灸

A moxibustion device with the functions of auricular fumigation moxibustion and heat-sensitive moxibustion is designed. The smoke of the ignited moxa stick is used for the fumigation moxibustion at the external auditory canal, while the heat generated works on Dazhui (GV 14) for heat-sensitive moxibustion. The device consists of five parts, i.e. combustion chamber, smoke pipe, smoke processing chamber, power module and connector. It solves the limitations such as unpleasant experience in treatment, unfavorable temperature control, easy scalding and excessive manual dependence induced by usual fumigation moxibustion and during heat-sensitive moxibustion. This moxibustion device may improve the safety and convenience when delivering the treatment with fumigation moxibustion and heat-sensitive moxibustion, as well as the work efficiency of medical staff.

Development and characteristics of automatic ash-removal heat-sensitive moxibustion device / 中国针灸

An automatic ash-removal heat-sensitive moxibustion device was developed, which could keep relatively constant temperature of heat-sensitive moxibustion, and realize the automatic ignition and automatic ash removal of moxa sticks during heat-sensitive moxibustion. The automatic ash-removal heat-sensitive moxibustion device comprises a bracket and a moxibustion box fixed on the top of the bracket; the bracket is composed of a base and a movable telescopic arm. This device can solve the problems of temperature instability, moxa ash blocking heat transfer and moxa ash falling during heat-sensitive moxibustion, avoiding the scalding caused by moxa ash falling, and reduce the workload of medical staff.

Variable Quasi-circular Gait Planning with Smooth Angular Acceleration for Lower Limb Rehabilitation / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To solve the problem of leg shaking caused by the sudden change of angular acceleration at the joint of periodic motion during circular gait training of lower limb rehabilitation robot. Methods:A kind of quasi-circular gait was proposed, which divided the periodic motion into three phases: start phase, middle phase and end phase. The time was equal in the start phase and the end phase, and could be adjusted with the parameter ratio. The joint trajectories of the two phases were planned by quintic polynomial, and the middle phase was still the circular gait joint trajectory. The trajectory of the proposed quasi-circular gait was simulated. Results:The angular velocity was continuously differentiable and 0, the angular acceleration was continuous and 0, and the end-effector trajectory became flat with the increase of ratio. The results on the physical prototype of the lower limb rehabilitation robot were principally consistent with the simulation, and the machine worked smoothly. Conclusion:The proposed variable quasi-circular gait had smooth angular acceleration at the junction of periodic motions, which effectively solved the jitter problem when using circular gait for lower limb rehabilitation training and avoided secondary injury to the patients.

Automatic Adjustment Algorithm of Bed Height for Multi-position Lower Limb Rehabilitation Robot / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To develop an automatic adjustment algorithm of bed height of multi-position lower limb rehabilitation robot, to meet the variety of leg lengths and training modes to avoid the collision between robot and ground. Methods:Six mathematical models of robot bed body height were established for six training modes of multi-position lower limb rehabilitation robot, which were described with leg length and bed tilt angle. The influence was analyzed that mechanical clearance and deflection as well as the jitter error of leg bracket during movement. Furthermore, a software related to these models was developed to automatically adjust the bed height for training. Volunteers were recruited to test actually. Results:The test data of bed height are consistent with the theoretical calculation of six mathematical models. Clearance and deflection did not affect the theoretical results of bed height. The end of robot's lower limb was always above the safe height during rehabilitation training. Conclusion:The automatic adjustment algorithm of bed height has been established, which can ensure that the rehabilitation robot runs at a safe height.

Therapeutic effect of chondroitin sulfate combined with triptolide liposome on arthritic rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To compare the therapeutic effects of free triptolide (TP), free triptolide-chondroitin sulfate ( TP-CS-Lips ) , triptolide liposome ( TP-Lips ) and triptolide combined with chondroitin sulfate liposome (TP-CS-Lips) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. Methods A total of 48 SD SPF rats were select ed in the study, 8 of which were randomly treated as controls and the remained 40 rats were injected with complete Frederik's adjuvant -chicken type II collagen to establish CIA. The 48 rats successfully modeled were randomly divided into five groups; model group, TP group, TP-CS group, TP-Lips group and TP-CS-Lips group. The treatment groups were intraperitoneally injected with corresponding drugs (TP:30 jig • kg"1, CS:100 mg • kg"1) every day, while the control group and model group were intraperitoneally injected with an equal volume of 0. 9% sodium chloride solution once a day, with a treatment cycle of 28 days. Before administration (0 d) and at 7 d, 14 d, 21 d and 28 d , the body mass index and arthritis index of rats were evaluated; thymus index and splenic index of each group were analyzed. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of cartilage. The expressions of inflammatory cytokines IL-1, TNF- and 1L-6 in serum were detected by ELISA. Results Compared with model group, TP-CS-Lips significantly increased the body mass of arthritic rats (P <0. 05) , and the arthri-tis index score was also significantly induced ( P < 0. 05) ; thymus and spleen indexes of rats significantly decreased (P<0. 05) ; pathological injury of cartilage of knee joint was significantly reduced; the IL-l, TNF- and IL-6 levels of serum also significantly decreased (P <0.05). Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of TP-CS-Lips was superior to that of TP, TP-CS and TP- Lips in arthritic rats. Conclusions TP-CS-Lips could significantly enhance the therapeutic effect of CIA, which provides experimental basis for the development of nano-agents for the treatment of arthritis.

Research progress on work-related musculoskeletal disorders of coal miners / 中国职业医学

Coal miners are a high-risk occupational group of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs). This disease not only causes a reduction in the quality of life of workers, loss work ability, and decline in work efficiency, but also becomes an important factor leading to increase social medical burden. At present, most of the evaluation of WMSDs of coal miners at home and abroad adopts the international general scale. Chinese scholars have developed a WMSDs questionnaire that meets the occupational characteristics of Chinese population based on the international general scale—the Chinese Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire. The questionnaire has good reliability and validity, and is a reliable and effective tool for evaluating WMSDs. The prevalence of WMSDs in coal miners is relatively high. The occupational factors that affect WMSDs in coal miners are mainly physical load, postural load, mental load, work organization, and work environment. The individual factors are mainly age, working experience, and education level. It′s recommended to prevent and control the occurrence of coal miners′ WMSDs through multi-level intervention measures such as strengthening education, changing the working posture, and improving the working conditions of coal miners, and rationally arranging labor organizations.

Treatment of open fracture of lower limb in high altitude area / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the treatment methods and experience of open fracture of lower limb in high altitude area.@*METHODS@#From January 2016 to January 2021, 62 patients with open fractures of lower limbs were treated by staged surgery with the concept of injury control orthopedics, emphasizing wound treatment and combining various fracture fixation methods. There were 51 males and 11 females, ranging in age from 14 to 59 years old, with a mean of (37.2±12.3) years old; and the course of disease ranged from 7 to 59 days, with a mean of (23.7±15.5) days. According to Gustilo Anderson classification, there were 14 cases of typeⅠ, 24 cases of typeⅡ, 14 cases of typeⅢA, 8 cases of typeⅢB and 2 cases of typeⅢC. The fracture repair and wound healing were observed, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated by Johner-Wruhs evaluation standard.@*RESULTS@#Fifty-five patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 4 to 36 months, with a mean of (14.7±8.5) months, and 7 cases were lost to follow-up. According to Johner-Wruhs evaluation criteria, 33 cases got an excellent result, 16 good, 4 poor and 2 bad. The wound healing was poor in 2 cases, partial necrosis of Achilles tendon in 1 case, nonunion of fracture in 1 case and delayed healing of fracture in 2 cases.@*CONCLUSION@#It is an effective method to treat the open fracture of lower extremity in high altitude area to pay attention to the management of soft tissue injury, the management of wound moisturizing, staged operation of fracture and full protection of blood supply at the fracture end. Paying attention to the treatment of soft tissue injury and the management of wound moisturizing, staged operation of fracture and full protection of blood supply at the fracture end are effective methods for the treatment of open fracture of lower limbs in high altitude areas.

Effect of Astragalus Polysaccharide on Radiosensitivity and Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition of Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma CNE-1 Cells / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) was used in combination with ionizing radiation (IR) to investigate the mechanism of APS on the radiosensitivity of human nasopharyngeal narcinoma CNE-1 cells and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Method:Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to detect the cytotoxicity of different concentrations of APS (0，6.25，12.5，25，50，100，200 g·L-1) on CNE-1 cells. Colony formation assay was used to calculate the survival fraction (survival fraction, SF) of CNE-1 cells treated with 12.5 g·L-1 APS combined with different radiation doses (0，2，4，6 Gy). The linear quadratic equation mathematical model (LQ) was used to draw the radiosensitivity curve according to SF value. Cell scratch and transwell chamber test were used to detect the migration and invasion ability of cells in each group. The apoptosis of cells in each group was detected by flow cytometry, Western blot was used to detect the expressions of EMT markers, apoptosis markers and protein kinase B/extracellular regulated protein kinases (Akt/ERK) pathway proteins in each group. Result:The results of colony formation assay and radiosensitivity curve showed that the combination of non-toxic dose of 12.5 g·L-1 APS and radiation dose of 4 Gy could significantly increase the radiosensitivity of CNE-1 cells. Compared with blank group and IR group, APS combined with IR could significantly inhibit the migration and invasion of CNE-1 cells (P<0.05), and increase the rate of apoptosis (P<0.05). In addition, compared with the blank group and the IR group, APS combined with IR could significantly down-regulate the expressions of N-cadherin, p-Akt and p-ERK, and significantly up-regulate the expressions of E-cadherin, Bax and Caspase-3 (P<0.05). Conclusion:APS combined with IR can inhibit the migration and invasion of CNE-1 cells, and increase the apoptosis induced by radiotherapy, which may be related to the inhibition of EMT and Akt/ERK pathway.

Clinical effect and safety of ultrasound cyclo-plasty in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound cycloplasty(UCP)in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma(NVG).<p>METHODS: Thirty patients(30 eyes)with NVG who were treated with UCP at our hospital from January 2018 to December 2018 were collected. All patients received comprehensive ophthalmic examination. Visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure(IOP), pain grade score, ocular surface, number of glaucoma drugs and complications were recorded before and 1, 3d, 1wk and 1, 2, 3, 6mo after operation, and the efficacy and safety were evaluated.<p>RESULTS: The postoperative visual acuity was improved, the pain score was decreased, and the use of intraocular pressure-lowering drugs was decreased and the IOP decreased significantly(<i>P<0.01). </i>The preoperation visual acuity, pain score, use of intraocular pressure-lowering drugs and IOP was \〖1.63±0.59(LogMAR)\〗, \〖2(1,4)\〗, \〖4(4,4)\〗 and(44.19±13.72)mmHg. The postoperative IOP were decreased at different observation time within 6mo, and the differences with preoperative IOP were statistically significant(all <i>P</i><0.01). The IOP decrease rates were 57.32%, 56.45%, 56.82%, 55.64%, 52.37%, 50.20% and 49.18% on 1d, 3d, 1wk, 1mo, 2mo, 3mo and 6mo after surgery respectively. On 6mo after treatment, 8 eyes(31%)IOP were complete controlled, 7 eyes(27%)were partially controlled, 11 eyes(42%)cannot be controlled, and 4 eyes were lost to follow-up. The IOP reduction on 6mo of postoperation was significantly correlated with that of preoperation(<i>r=0.928, P<0.001)</i>. The number of glaucoma drugs and pain scores were decreased, and the differences with that of preoperation were statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.01), and the BCVA were improved, the differences were statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.01). There was no serious complications were occurred in all patients after operation. <p>CONCLUSION: UCP is high safety and few complications for NVG treatment. It has significant effect on reducing IOP, relieving ocular pain. The higher the preoperation IOP, the greater the IOP reduction after surgery. It was a promising anti-glaucoma method.

Application of two risk assessment methods in occupational health risk of 2-butoxyethonal / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of occupational health risk of 2-butoxyethanol(2-BE) by two risk assessment methods. METHODS: Occupational health investigation and detecting 2-BE level in workplace were carried out in a bicycle manufacturing factory in Tianjin City, a printing factory in Shenzhen City and an automobile manufacturing factory in Beijing City. The occupational health risk of 2-BE was assessed by Singapore's semi-quantitative risk assessment model and occupational hazards risk assessment index method. The risk classification results of the 2 risk assessment methods were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: The results of Singapore's semi-quantitative risk assessment method showed that all the 2-BE risk ratios of the decals workshop in the bicycle manufacturing factory, the binding and printing workshops of the printing factory, the spray finishing and the intermediate painting and the electrophoresis workshops of the automobile manufacturing factory were 0.4. The classification of 2-BE risk ratios belongs to low risk level. The results of occupational hazards risk assessment index method showed that the risk ratios of decals workshop in the bicycle manufacturing factory, the binding and printing of the printing factory, the spray finishing and the intermediate painting and the electrophoresis of the automobile manufacturing factory were 0.4, 0.4 and 0.2, respectively, which correspondence to low, low and negligible risk classification, respectively. The two methods were consistent with the appraisal positions of decals post in the bicycle manufacturing factory and the evaluation of binding and printing positions of a printing factory, although the risk assessment results of key positions in the paint shop of an automobile manufacturing industry were inconsistent. CONCLUSION: The occupational hazard risk assessment index method takes into account of the health effects, exposure conditions and operating conditions, and can comprehensively and accurately assess the occupational health risks caused by 2-BE.

Effects of miR-760 targeting c-Myc on biological characteristics of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma TE-10 cells / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective • To detect the effects of miR-760 on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) TE-10 cells and to analyse the underlying mechanism. Methods • The mRNA and protein expression levels of miR-760 and c-Myc in five ESCC cell lines (normal esophageal epithelial cells as control) and 14 pieces of ESCC tissue specimens (paracancerous tissues as control) were detected by using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting. TE-10 cells were transfected with miR-760 mimics, miR-760 inhibitor (miR-mimics/miR-inhibitor group) and corresponding negative controls (mimics-NC/inhibitor-NC group), in which the overexpression and inhibition efficiency of miR-760 and the expression of c-Myc were verified by RT-qPCR. The effect of miR-760 on the proliferation of TE-10 cells was assessed by CCK-8 and colony formation assay. Changes of cell cycle distribution and proportion of apoptotic cells were measured by flow cytometry. Expression levels of cell cycle-, apoptosis-, migration-, and invasion-associated proteins as well as c-Myc were analyzed by Western blotting. The targeting relationship between miR-760 and c-Myc was verified by using the dual luciferase reporter assay. Results • The expressions of miR-760 were down-regulated and the expressions of c-Myc mRNA and protein were up-regulated in five ESCC cell lines compared with those in the normal esophageal epithelial cells. In 14 cases of ESCC tissue specimens, the expressions of miR-760 were down-regulated but the expressions of c-Myc were up-regulated compared with those in the cancer-adjacent tissues. The proliferation ability of TE-10 cells in the miR-mimics group was markedly attenuated, and colony numbers were also decreased. Flow cytometry assay showed that the proportion of cells in G1 phase was notably augmented, and the proportion of apoptotic cells was also increased. The miR-mimics group cells had weaker migration and invasion potential compared with mimics-NC group. Western blotting analysis conformed that expression levels of cyclin D1, B cell lymphoma 2, matrix metalloproteinase 2 and vimentin were decreased, but expression levels of cleaved-caspase3, E-cadherin and β-catenin were elevated. The miR-inhibitor group showed opposite results compared with the miR-mimics group. The dual luciferase reporter assay validated the direct targeted binding of miR-760 to the 3'UTR of c-Myc. Conclusion • miR-760 can suppress proliferation, migration and invasion, and induce apoptosis of TE-10 cells by directly targeting c-Myc.

Progress in characteristics and application of olfactory bulbectomy animal model / 药学学报

In rodents, bilateral olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) results in a series of changes in behaviors and neurobiology, similar to the clinical symptoms of depression in patients. These changes can be reversed by chronic but not acute treatment of antidepressants. Owing to the face, construct and predictive validities, the OBX model has been used to investigate the mechanisms of depression, screen for antidepressants, and reveal the mechanism of drug action. In addition, there are certain features in OBX animals resembling those of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), including the impaired learning and memory ability and the accumulation of amyloid-β protein (Aβ). In this review, we present the association between olfaction and depression or AD, the surgical procedure of OBX, the behavioral features of OBX animals, the abnormal changes in cortex and hippocampus, and the application of this model for studying depression and AD. These lines of information are important for the development of antidepressant and anti-dementia drugs using this model.

Comparative Toxicity of Nanomaterials to Air-blood Barrier Permeability Using an In Vitro Model / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To comparatively study the toxicity of four metal-containing nanoparticles (MNPs) and their chemical counterparts to the air-blood barrier (ABB) permeability using an in vitro model.@*METHODS@#ABB model, which was developed via the co-culturing of A549 and pulmonary capillary endothelium, was exposed to spherical CuO-NPs (divided into CuO-40, CuO-80, and CuO-100 based on particle size), nano-Al2O3 (sheet and short-rod-shaped), nano-ZnO, nano-PbS, CuSO4, Al2(SO4)3, Zn(CH3COO)2, and Pb(NO3)2 for 60 min. Every 10 min following exposure, the cumulative cleared volume (ΔTCL) of Lucifer yellow by the model was calculated. A clearance curve was established using linear regression analysis of ΔTCL versus time. Permeability coefficient (P) was calculated based on the slope of the curve to represent the degree of change in the ABB permeability.@*RESULTS@#The results found the increased P values of CuO-40, CuO-80, sheet, and short-rod-shaped nano-Al2O3, Al2(SO4)3, and Pb(NO3)2. Among them, small CuO-40 and CuO-80 were stronger than CuO-100 and CuSO4; no difference was observed between Al2(SO4)3 and sheet and short-rod-shaped nano-Al2O3; and nano-PbS was slightly weaker than Pb(NO3)2. So clearly the MNPs possess diverse toxicity.@*CONCLUSION@#ABB permeability abnormality means pulmonary toxicity potential. More studies are warranted to understand MNPs toxicity and ultimately control the health hazards.

Exploring on occupational health risk assessment of 2-butoxyethanol in a printing house / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To apply GBZ/T298-2017 "Guidelines for occupational health risk assessment of chemicals in the workplace" to conduct an occupational health risk assessment of 2-butoxyethanol exposure in a printing enterprise, in order to protect the laborers' health.@*Methods@#Conducted a worksite survey of occupational health include data collection, site investigation, determination 2-butoxyethanol in workplace air and raw and auxiliary material, determination 2-butoxyacetic acid in urine after shift from May 17 to 24, 2017, using the above results, conducting 2-butoxyethanol occupational health risk assessment.@*Results@#Concentrations of 2-butoxyethanol in the workplace air ranged from 1.2-30.8 mg/m3. Concentrations of 2-butoxyaceticacid in urine ranged from 35.5 mg/L to 563.3 mg/L. The printing shop with the highest concentration of air in the workplace in the enterprise was a medium risk for 2-butoxyethanol occupational health risks, and the binding workshop printer was a low risk for 2-butoxyethanol occupational health risks. The occupational health risk of 2-butoxyethanol in the print shop was medium.@*Conclusion@#Occupational health risks of 2-butoxyethanol for companies is medium, which should be included in the evaluation of routine occupational hazards and provide more targeted recommendations based on the action levels.

The role of poloxamer 188 for cord blood mononuclear cells into megakaryocytes cultivation and induction in three-dimensional WAVE Bioreactor / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To observe the effect of poloxamer 188 (P188) on megakaryocyte cultivation and induction from cord blood mononuclear cells in order to obtain more megakaryocyte progenitor cells (MPC). Methods: The cord blood mononuclear cells were isolated and inoculated in cell culture bag or cell culture flask respectively. The WIGGENS shaker and cell culture bags were used to mimick WAVE Bioreactor for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture, and the P188 was added to induction medium, The cells were detected for morphology, surface marker, viability, and number on day 14. Results: In the two-dimensional (2D) culture, CD41(+), CD41(+)/CD61(+), CD61(+) megakaryocytic numbers increased significantly after adding P188 (all P<0.01). And in the 3D culture of adding P188, the cell volume became larger and the nuclear shape was irregular, the cytoplasm appeared magenta granules, and the megakaryocyte cells became more mature. By 3D culture, the expression of CD41/CD61 was (36.30±1.27)% vs (23.95±1.34)%, hence the differentiation for MPC was significantly higher than that in the 2D group (P<0.01). Furthermore, adding P188 in 3D culture resulted in highest differentiation efficiency for MPC [(59.45±1.20)%]. There were no significantly differences in terms of cell viability and cell number among 3D culture containing P188, 2D and 3D culture groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion: 3D culture was beneficial for the differentiation of MPC, but the cell viability was lower than 2D group; However, the satisfied cell growth and better induction efficiency were obtained by adding of P188, which might provide a new method of megakaryocytes production for clinical application.

The necessity of gastrointestinal decompression after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy: A randomized controlled trial / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective To explore the feasibility and safety of non-gastrointestinal decompression after esophagectomy and the necessity of gastric tube or the time to remove gastric tube. Methods Thirty patients with esophageal cancer who underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, were included in the trial from June to October 2017. The patients were randomly and equally assigned to a trial group (non-gastrointestinal decompression) or a control group (gastrointestinal decompression). There was no significant difference in age (P=1.000), sex (P=1.000), tumor location (P=0.732), pathological type (P=1.000), pathological stage (P=0.507), and operation time (P=0.674) between the two groups. The clinical effect between the two groups were compared. Results There was no statistical difference in incidences of anastomotic leakage (P=1.000), anastomotic bleeding (P=1.000), gastroesophageal reflux (P=1.000) between the two groups. And there was no statistical difference in time of the first flatus (P=0.629) and the first bowel movement (P=0.599) after operation between the two groups. Conclusion Without gastrointestinal decompression after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy does not increase the incidences of anastomotic leakage, anastomotic bleeding and gastroesophageal reflux, and has no significant effect on the recovery of gastrointestinal function. Without gastrointestinal decompression after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy is safe and feasible. Removing gastric tube on the second day after operation is reasonable and feasible.

Application of the animal model of intracerebral injection of amyloid-β oligomers to the study of Alzheimer's disease / 药学学报

Progressive accumulation of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in the brain plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The animal model of intracerebral injection of Aβ oligomers not only provides a method for further exploring the mechanism of Aβ in AD, but also can be used to screen drug candidates targeting Aβ oligomers. This animal model has been widely used in the study of anti-AD drugs and mechanism of AD. In this paper, we summarize the research progress in the animal model of intracerebral injection of soluble Aβ oligomers, including experimental animals, the types of Aβ, the preparation of Aβ oligomers in vitro, injection sites and doses, the duration of modeling, animal behavioral changes, and the pathological mechanisms relating to this animal model, which will contribute to the application of the animal model to various conditions.

Determination of methylenedianiline in urine by high performance liquid chromatography-tandemmass spectrometry / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To develop a method for determination of metabolites of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) in urine, i.e. methylenedianiline (MDA) by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass (LC-MS-MS) . @*Methods@#Urine samples were prepared by hydrolyzation with sulfuric acid and extraction by acetonitrile, and then separated on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column, analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) . The external solvent standard calibration were tested. @*Results@#The linearity ranges were 0.05~20.00 μg/L, The related coefficients were 0.999 5. The limit of detection was 0.02 μg/L. The rats of recovery were 91.0%~103.4%. The relative standard deviations were between 2.7%~7.3%. @*Conclusion@#The method was sensitive, accurate and suitable for the MDA determination in urine of MDI exposed population.

Analysis on occupational health laboratories' proficiency testing program for determination of bovine blood lead and urinary cadmium / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the results obtained from the proficiency testing program for determination of bovine blood lead and urinary cadmium, so as to evaluate the proficiency of the laboratories, and improve the detection and quality control capability of occapational health laboratory.@*Methods@#Prepared 3 levels of lead samples with bovine blood as base material, taking Technical Norm of Primary Reference Material as Operating standard, 60, 80, 180 μg/L were used as the standard concentration. All samples were made for 200 bottles. Normal urine were used to prepared 3 levels of cadmium samples with 5.0, 7.0, 10.0 μg/L as standard concentration, then 3 level of samples were made for 200 bottles respectively. Blood lead and urinary cadmium samples were sent to each laboratory in the form of sample pairs. One-way ANOVA was used to investigate the homogeneity. The results of each laboratory were statistically analyzed by robust statistical method, and the detection ability of the laboratory was evaluated by the Z ratio score method. By consulting the test reports and original records of each participating laboratory, the reasons for the unsatisfactory results were analyzed.@*Results@#The statistical F of the uniformity of blood lead 1.42, 1.37 and 2.85, F<3.13, P were 0.294, 0.314 and 0.059, respectively in 31 labs. There is no statistical significance in the difference of blood lead (P>0.05). And urine cadmium was less than the critical value (P>0.05). In all, 31 laboratories participated in the test of blood lead, and 28 loboratories paticipated in urine cadmium verification. The statistical F of the uniformity of urinary cadmium 1.90, 1.35 and 1.19, F<3.13. The homogeneity of the samples were in accordance with the requirements of proficiency testing program. The satisfactory rate of the results for blood lead was 84% (26/31) , and the satisfactory rate of urinary cadmium was 93% (26/28) . In the test of blood lead, 21 of the 31 laboratories were controlled by the standard material method. Totally, 20 of them get an satisfactory level, the rate was 95%.@*Conclusion@#Most of the laboratory test results were satisfactory, which showed that the detection capability for blood lead and urine cadmium was good. The main causes of unsatisfactory results were detection methods, tools of quality control ortraceability standards.