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To understand the relationship between visual impairment and risk of all-cause mortality in the elderly aged 65 years and older in 8 longevity areas in China. The data of the elderly aged 65 years and older in the project in 2012 were obtained from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, a sub-cohort of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, including physical measurement and survival status, and a follow-up for survival outcomes were conducted in 2014 and 2017 respectively. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the influence of visual impairment on mortality. Gender and age specific analysis was conducted. A total of 1 736 elderly adults were included. A total of 943 deaths occurred during the 5-year follow-up period with a 5-year mortality rate of 54.3. The 5-year mortality rate was 76.7 in the group with visual impairment, and 47.6 in the group without visual impairment (<0.001). After adjusting for demographic information, life style and some disease factors, the risk of 5-year mortality in the group with visual impairment group was 1.30 times higher than that in the group without visual impairment (=1.30, 95: 1.09-1.55). In the females, the risk for mortality in the group with visual impairment was 1.48 times higher than that in the group without visual impairment (=1.48, 95:1.20-1.84). However, vision status was not associated with the risk for mortality in males (=1.02, 95: 0.72-1.43). The risk for mortality in the group with visual impairment was 1.39 times higher than that in the group without visual impairment in the elderly aged over 90 years (=1.39, 95: 1.13-1.70). Vision status was not associated with mortality risk in the elderly aged 65-79 years and 80-89 years (=1.37, 95: 0.61-3.07; =0.95, 95: 0.61-1.48). In the elderly people in China, visual impairment is a risk factor for mortality.
RESUMO
Objective To disscus the applicability of three surveillance methods for Aedes albopictus in dengue risk indication. Methods Larval and adult mosquito surveillance were conducted in two villages of Guangzhou by using three vector monitoring methods. Meteorological data and dengue cases were obtained in the same period. Results The population dynamics of larvae and adult mosquitoes were affected by temperature and their overall trend was consistent, but there were differences between the abundance of larvae and adult mosquitoes. From December to February the next year, Breteau index(BI) ranged from 5.66 to 24.53 with a risk of level 1 to 3 for dengue fever, while the mosquito and oviposition positive index(MOI) and adult-mosquito density index(ADI) were 0 to 4.00 and 0 to 1 per man-hour, respectively, indicating no risk for dengue fever. In March, compared with BI which indicated a risk of level 3, MOI were 2.13 and 3.77, respectively, representing for no risk. ADI were 4 to 6 per man-hour, indicating a risk of level 1 and level 2, respectively. After April, the dengue risk level reflected by each indicator became to be consistent. Conclusions The risk of dengue fever indicated by BI is always higher than or equal to the risk indicated by the other two. Compared with BI, MOI and ADI are more sensitively in reflecting the activity of Ae. albopictus.
RESUMO
As the core method of evidence-based medicine, systematic review comprehensively summarizes all the evidence of a particular problem. It enables clinicians, scientific researchers, and health policy makers to quickly obtain a great deal of comprehensive, accurate, and reliable information in a short time, and are crucial tools for them to keep up with rapidly evolving areas of medicine. Adequate systematic reviews integrate the evidence that is accumulating in a particular field to narrate the distance between research evidence and medical practice. However, in recent years, people are always questioning and criticizing systematic review. In this situation, we introduce the origin and concept of the system review briefly and elaborate the strengths and limitations of the system review in detail. Finally, on the basis of application and current situation of the systematic review, we describe the prospect of the systematic review. Even though the methodology of the systematic review has some limitations, it is still the most authoritative method for synthesizing all research evidence in a given field, because we have no better way. If the results of a systematic review of all studies are unreliable, there is no reason to say that the results of one or several of them are impartial or unbiased.
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The study developed a method for the determination of 14 components in Bazibushen capsule by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Waters ACQUITY BEH C18 column (50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) was used and the column temperature was 40℃. A linear gradient elution of eluents A (acetonitrile) and B (0.1% acetic acid) was used for the separation. The source temperature was set at 150℃. The capillary voltage was set at 2.0 kV. The source offset voltage was kept at 50 V. The desolvation temperature was set at 500℃. The desolvation flow was 800 L·h-1. The cone flow was 150 L·h-1. The nebuliser pressure was 7.0 Bar. Multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) is adopted. All of the 14 components showed good linearity (r2 > 0.999 1) in the test ranges. The LOQs for the compounds ranged from 0.11-4.52 ng·mL-1, respectively. The RSDs were 0.8%-2.1%. The overall recoveries were between 97.89% and 101.9% for all compounds. The method is simple, rapid, accurate and highly reproducible, and may be used in the determination of 14 components in Bazibushen capsule.
RESUMO
This paper reports the establishment of a method for rapid identification 15 effective components of anti common cold medicine (paracetamol, aminophenazone, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, methylephedrine hydrochloride, caffeine, amantadine hydrochloride, phenazone, guaifenesin, chlorphenamine maleate, dextromethorphen hydrobromide, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, promethazine hydrochloride, propyphenazone, benorilate and diclofenac sodium) with MRM by LC-MS/MS. The samples were extracted by methanol and were separated from a Altantis T3 column within 15 min with a gradient of acetonitrile-ammonium acetate (containing 0.25% glacial acetic acid), a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source (ESI) was used in positive ion mode, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was performed for qualitative analysis of these compounds. The minimum detectable quantity were 0.33-2.5 microg x kg(-1) of the 15 compounds. The method is simple, accurate and with good reproducibility for rapid identification many components in the same chromatographic condition, and provides a reference for qualitative analysis illegally added chemicals in anti common cold medicine.