Application of MRI Water-Fat Separation Technology in Patients with Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical significance of magnetic resonance imaging water-fat separation (Dixon) technique in patients with multiple myeloma.@*METHODS@#A total of 41 newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma who underwent Dixon in The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from April 2019 to April 2021 were included in this study. Patients were divided into observation group and control group according to whether Dixon performance was normal or not. The differences of clinical data and fat fraction (FF) between the two groups were compared. The correlation between FF and clinical data, disease stages and differences before and after treatment were also compared. The receiver operator characteristic curve of patients was drawn to analyze the diagnostic value of FF combined with serum alkaline phosphatase for bone destruction in patients with multiple myeloma.@*RESULTS@#Among the 41 patients, there were 12 cases in the control group and 29 cases in the observation group. There was no significant difference in age and sex between the two groups. In the observation group, β2-microglobulin concentration and M protein were significantly higher than those in the control group, while serum alkaline phosphatase and FF were lower (P<0.05). In all 41 patients included in the study, there was a significant negative correlation between FF value and β2-microglobulin concentration (r=-0.57), and a significant positive correlation between FF value and serum alkaline phosphatase (r=0.31). After treatment, FF value increased, while myeloma cell percentage, β2-microglobulin concentration and M protein decreased in 11 patients who completed 4 cycles of chemotherapy, and the differences before and after treatment were statistically significant (P<0.05). The value of serum alkaline phosphatase combined with FF value in predicting bone destruction is higher than that of FF value or serum alkaline phosphatase alone.@*CONCLUSION@#Dixon's different imaging manifestations can reflect the severity of the disease. FF value is correlated with clinical examination results and R-ISS staging, and there is a significant difference before and after treatment. Serum alkaline phosphatase combined with FF value is better than two indicators alone in predicting bone destruction.

Characteristics of fusion gene expression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To analyze the genetic landscape of 52 fusion genes in patients with de novo acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and to investigate the characteristics of other laboratory results. Methods: The fusion gene expression was retrospectively analyzed in the 1 994 patients with de novo ALL diagnosed from September 2016 to December 2020. In addition, their mutational, immunophenotypical and karyotypical profiles were investigated. Results: In the 1 994 patients with ALL, the median age was 12 years (from 15 days to 89 years). In the panel of targeted genes, 15 different types of fusion genes were detected in 884 patients (44.33%) and demonstrated a Power law distribution. The frequency of detectable fusion genes in B-cell ALL was significantly higher than that in T-cell ALL (48.48% vs 18.71%), and fusion genes were almost exclusively expressed in B-cell ALL or T-cell ALL. The number of fusion genes showed peaks at<1 year, 3-5 years and 35-44 years, respectively. More fusion genes were identified in children than in adults. MLL-FG was most frequently seen in infants and TEL-AML1 was most commonly seen in children, while BCR-ABL1 was dominant in adults. The majority of fusion gene mutations involved signaling pathway and the most frequent mutations were observed in NRAS and KRAS genes. The expression of early-stage B-cell antigens varied in B-cell ALL patients. The complex karyotypes were more common in BCR-ABL1 positive patients than others. Conclusion: The distribution of fusion genes in ALL patients differs by ages and cell lineages. It also corresponds to various gene mutations, immunophenotypes, and karyotypes.

Epidemiological and genetic characteristics of EV71 strains circulating in Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2018 / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the molecular epidemiology, genetic variations and evolution of enterovirus 71 (EV71) strains isolated in Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2018.@*Methods@#Statistical methods were used to analyze the data about epidemiological characteristics and results of pathogen detection in cases with EV71 infection in Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2018. The complete VP1 sequences of 80 EV71 strains were amplified and sequenced for analysis of diversity and phylogenesis.@*Results@#A total of 41 858 enterovirus-positive hand, foot and mouth disease cases were reported in Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2018. EV71 was the predominant pathogen, accounting for 36.52%, and responsible for most of the severe cases. However, the percentage of EV71 among all pathogens gradually decreased over time. EV71 infection reached the peak in April to June and mainly occurred in children aged six months to five years old with higher incidence in males than in females. In terms of regional distribution, EV71 infections were characterized by area clustering in Jiangsu Province, mainly detected in Nanjing, Suzhou, Wuxi and Lianyungang. The 80 EV71 isolates belonged to C4a genotype. Nucleotide differences between them and three vaccine strains (H07, FY23 and FY7VP5)were 0.6%-5.5%, 0.8%-5.7% and 1.9%-6.9% and amino acid difference were 0-1.4%, 0.3%-2.0% and 0.3%-2.0%, respectively. Amino acid mutations in the epitopes of the 80 EV71 strains did not marked by years or regions.@*Conclusions@#EV71 strains showed obvious epidemiological characteristics in time, population and regional distribution in Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2018.All of the 80 EV71 isolates belonged to C4a subgenotype. The nucleotide sequences between them and the vaccine strains varied greatly, but the homology of amino acids was relatively high, indicating the existence of some synonymous mutations and no risk of antigenic drift. This study would provide reference for EV71 vaccination in Jiangsu Province.

Epidemiological and genetic characteristics of EV71 strains circulating in Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2018 / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To analyze the molecular epidemiology, genetic variations and evolution of enterovirus 71 (EV71) strains isolated in Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2018. Methods Statistical meth-ods were used to analyze the data about epidemiological characteristics and results of pathogen detection in cases with EV71 infection in Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2018. The complete VP1 sequences of 80 EV71 strains were amplified and sequenced for analysis of diversity and phylogenesis. Results A total of 41858 enterovirus-positive hand, foot and mouth disease cases were reported in Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2018. EV71 was the predominant pathogen, accounting for 36. 52％, and responsible for most of the severe cases. However, the percentage of EV71 among all pathogens gradually decreased over time. EV71 infection reached the peak in April to June and mainly occurred in children aged six months to five years old with higher incidence in males than in females. In terms of regional distribution, EV71 infections were character-ized by area clustering in Jiangsu Province, mainly detected in Nanjing, Suzhou, Wuxi and Lianyungang. The 80 EV71 isolates belonged to C4a genotype. Nucleotide differences between them and three vaccine strains (H07,FY23 and FY7VP5) were 0. 6％-5. 5％, 0. 8％-5. 7％ and 1. 9％-6. 9％ and amino acid difference were 0-1. 4％, 0. 3％-2. 0％ and 0. 3％-2. 0％, respectively. Amino acid mutations in the epitopes of the 80 EV71 strains did not marked by years or regions. Conclusions EV71 strains showed ob-vious epidemiological characteristics in time, population and regional distribution in Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2018. All of the 80 EV71 isolates belonged to C4a subgenotype. The nucleotide sequences between them and the vaccine strains varied greatly, but the homology of amino acids was relatively high, indicating the existence of some synonymous mutations and no risk of antigenic drift. This study would provide reference for EV71 vaccination in Jiangsu Province.

A Simple Medical Research Microdevice for Analyzing Three-dimensional Migration of Tumor Cells in Vitro / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To develop and verify a medical microdevice for analyzing the three-dimensional(3D)migration of tumor cells in extracellular matrix. Methods The mold of the microdevice was made by precision machining,and then the medical microdevice based on polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)-glass was obtained by PDMS casting,moulding,and bonding.During the analysis,the suspension of tumor cells and matrigel were mixed and then added into the migration channel of microdevice,and the controllable migration of tumor cells in matrigel was induced by establishing chemokine concentration gradient on both sides of the migration channel.Meanwhile,the migration process of tumor cells was recorded with the live cell dynamic imaging device. Results Breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was taken as an example to verify the feasibility of the microdevice to control and dynamically monitor the 3D migration process of tumor cells in vitro.Qualitative analysis of imaging data showed that the migration of MCF-7 cell lines in matrigel was determined by the concentration gradient distribution direction of chemokine and presented as the amoeboid-like migration mode.The proportion and migration velocity of MCF-7 cells could be quantified by the quantitative analysis of cell migration process.The inhibition ability of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors(Batimastat)and adenosine triphosphatase inhibitors(Blebbistation)on the 3D migration behavior of MCF-7 cells was found to be different.Conclusion This device can be used for in-depth analysis of tumor cell migration and its mechanism and for evaluating the efficacy of anti-metastatic drugs.

Drug resistance and molecular characteration of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase for influenza A H3N2 viruses / 医学研究生学报

Objective　To analyze the variations and drug resistance of influenza A (H3N2) viruses in Jiangsu Province in 2017, and provide evidence for prevention and control strategies on influenza.　Methods　Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for the sequencing of H3N2 subtype influenza strains. The influenza reference sequences were obtained from the global shared influenza site GISAID. The sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis were performed using MAGE7.0 software. Viral resistance was analyzed by a neuraminidase inhibition assay.　Results　The H3N2 subtype influenza isolates and vaccine strains belonged to the 3C.2a branch of the H3 subtype. Some of the strains showed amino acid mutations on the immune-related sites named N121K, T135K and N171K. The isolates were sensitive to the flu drugs oseltamivir and zanamivir.　Conclusion　The H3N2 epidemic strains in Jiangsu have genetic recombination within subtypes and are still sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors. As the H3N2 influenza virus mutations continue, a close monitoring of the viral genetic evolution and the drug resistant genes should be guaranteed.

Genetic origin of avian influenza A H7N4 virus causing a case of human infection in China , 2018 / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To analyze the molecular characteristics and genetic origin of a novel avian influenza A H7N4 virus casuing a case of human infection in China. Methods Specimens were collected from the patient and chickens and ducks kept by the patient and neighbours and then detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The original specimens and virus isolates were analyzed by next-generation sequencing technology to obtain viral whole-genome sequences. Pairwise sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis were performed by BLASTs,ClustalX and MEGA 6. 1 softwares. Results In January 2018, a human case infected with avian influenza A H7N4 virus was confirmed. Seven H7N4 viruses were isolated from speci-mens collected from chicken and ducks kept in the patient`s backyard. H7N4 virus was a novel reassortant vi-rus with all eight gene fragments derived from wild waterfowl in Eurasia. HA protein contained a single basic amino acid residue R in cleavage site, suggesting that H7N4 virus was low pathogenic. The receptor-binding sites of HA had QSG at 226-228 residues, which indicated that the virus retained avian-type receptor speci-ficity (SAα2-3Gal). Different from H7N4 viruses in avian, the virus isolated from the patient had substitu-tion at position 627 ( E→K) in PB2 protein, which might increase its adaptation in human host. Conclusion This study reported a case of human infection with a novel reassortant avian influenza A H7N4 virus, which revealed that the traditional backyard breeding models might facilitate cross-species transmission of avian in-fluenza viruses in southern China.

The Awareness,Treatment and Control of Hypertension and Its Determinants in the Elderly Hypertensive Patients of Dean Nationality:A Multilevel Model Analysis / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To determine the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and its determinants in the elderly hypertensive patients of Dean nationality so as to explore the associated determinants. Methods This was a cross-sectional, population-based survey. A total of 939 persons aged 60 years and older sampled by stratified sampling method from the elderly population of Dean nationality were examined from July to September 2016. Meanwhile, the data of medical history and examination were collected. Results There were 353 elderly patients with hypertension in the 939 subjects. The awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the elderly hypertensive patients (EHP), which was 47.3％, 36.5％and 22.1％respectively, were higher than the results of previous national study and had the upward trends with the increasing age (<0.05) . In comparison with the reference group, EHP living in middle economic level area had the higher awareness, treatment and control of hypertension (<0.05) . The results of covariate-adjusted multilevel logistic regression model indicated that there was a cross-level interaction effect between middle economic level area and dyslipidemia on the awareness and treatment of hypertension respectively, and a cross-level interaction effect between middle economic level area and low fat diet on the control of hypertension ( <0.05) . The individual level covariates, age (OR=1.3412, 1.3144, 95％ CI 1.0217-1.7609, 1.0030-1.7225) and diabetes ( OR=2.6735, 2.3078, 95％ CI 1.0721-6.6672, 1.0240-5.2007), had the positive association with the awareness and treatment of hypertension;age (OR=1.4740, 95％CI 1.0034-2.1654), non-drinking (OR=3.2056, 95％CI 1.5554-6.6066) and low salt diet (OR=3.6969, 95％CI 1.7996-7.5946) had the positive association with the control of hypertension. Conclusion The awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the EHP of Dean nationality were higher than those of the national level, and the dominant factors were economic level, age, dyslipidemia, diabetes, non-drinking, low fat diet and low salt diet, etc.

Influenza viruses: Public health perspective / 医学研究生学报

Influenza viruses belong to four genera of the Orthomyxoviridae: A, B, C and D. Compared with influenza B, C and D viruses, influenza A virus has a characteristic with varied hosts, numerous serotypes and frequent cross-species transmission. Influenza A virus also is an important zoonotic pathogen which can cause a new human influenza pandemic. The impact of influenza virus on human health and public health can be divided into three levels: influenza pandemic, seasonal influenza and human infection with animal influenza virus. In view of the serious harm of influenza virus to human and animal health and its complex ecosystem, influenza virus has been a hotspot in the field of life science and public health. From the perspective of public health, this paper reviews the etiological research fields and its research progress closely related to influenza prevention and control, including seasonal influenza virus surveillance, influenza virus ecology, broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies and universal vaccines, as well as the etiological assessment of influenza pandemic risk.

Evolution of the hemagglutinin gene of influenza A( H7N9) virus in China between 2013 and 2017 / 医学研究生学报

Objective Influenza A(H7N9) virus causes a relatively high mortality in humans and therefore it is of great sig-nificance to know its prevalence in China .This article aimed to study the genetic characteristics and evolution of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the influenza A(H7N9) virus prevailing in China between 2013 and 2017. Methods We downloaded the HA se-quences of the influenza A ( H7N9) virus prevailing in China between 2013 and 2017 from The Global Initiative on Sharing All Influen-za Data and National Center for Biotechnology Information .Using the bioinformatics software , we analyzed the homology , molecular characteristics , phyletic evolution , and selective pressure of the HA gene. Results The homology of the HA gene of the influenza A ( H7N9) virus and the reference strain was decreasing each year from 2013 to 2017, 99.0%-99.9%in 2013, 98.7%-99.5%in 2014, 98.4%-99.6%in 2015, 76.8%-99.4%in 2016, and 69.9%-98.2%in 2017.Compared with the reference strain , the HA gene of the influ-enza A(H7N9) virus underwent variations in 21 antigenic sites.The variation of N285D was the highest (23%) in 2015 and that of R148K increased yearly,reaching 65%in 2016 and 78.5% in 2017. Phylogenetic analysis showed a concentrative distribution of the influenza A ( H7N9) virus strains on the phylogenetic tree in the same year from 2013 to 2017.Amino acid substitution of T 140A was observed in most of the influenza A ( H7N9) virus strains from Guang-dong in 2013, and the widest distribution of the virus strains was found in 2014.Positive selective pressure site 65 was obtained in the sequence of 2015 using the FEL and IFEL models, but not in the strains of 2016 or 2017. Conclusion Influenza A(H7N9) virus constantly undergoes variation , which has increased the difficulty in its prevention and control .More importance should be attached to observation of the virus and response to its adaptive mutations .

Evolution of the hemagglutinin gene of influenza A( H7N9) virus in China between 2013 and 2017 / 医学研究生学报

Objective Influenza A(H7N9) virus causes a relatively high mortality in humans and therefore it is of great sig-nificance to know its prevalence in China .This article aimed to study the genetic characteristics and evolution of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the influenza A(H7N9) virus prevailing in China between 2013 and 2017. Methods We downloaded the HA se-quences of the influenza A ( H7N9) virus prevailing in China between 2013 and 2017 from The Global Initiative on Sharing All Influen-za Data and National Center for Biotechnology Information .Using the bioinformatics software , we analyzed the homology , molecular characteristics , phyletic evolution , and selective pressure of the HA gene. Results The homology of the HA gene of the influenza A ( H7N9) virus and the reference strain was decreasing each year from 2013 to 2017, 99.0%-99.9%in 2013, 98.7%-99.5%in 2014, 98.4%-99.6%in 2015, 76.8%-99.4%in 2016, and 69.9%-98.2%in 2017.Compared with the reference strain , the HA gene of the influ-enza A(H7N9) virus underwent variations in 21 antigenic sites.The variation of N285D was the highest (23%) in 2015 and that of R148K increased yearly,reaching 65%in 2016 and 78.5% in 2017. Phylogenetic analysis showed a concentrative distribution of the influenza A ( H7N9) virus strains on the phylogenetic tree in the same year from 2013 to 2017.Amino acid substitution of T 140A was observed in most of the influenza A ( H7N9) virus strains from Guang-dong in 2013, and the widest distribution of the virus strains was found in 2014.Positive selective pressure site 65 was obtained in the sequence of 2015 using the FEL and IFEL models, but not in the strains of 2016 or 2017. Conclusion Influenza A(H7N9) virus constantly undergoes variation , which has increased the difficulty in its prevention and control .More importance should be attached to observation of the virus and response to its adaptive mutations .

Current Trends for ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction during the Past 5 Years in Rural Areas of China's Liaoning Province: A Multicenter Study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Since 2010, two versions of National Guidelines aimed at promoting the management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have been formulated by the Chinese Society of Cardiology. However, little is known about the changes in clinical characteristics, management, and in-hospital outcomes in rural areas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In the present multicenter, cross-sectional study, participants were enrolled from rural hospitals located in Liaoning province in Northeast China, during two different periods (from June 2009 to June 2010 and from January 2015 to December 2015). Data collection was conducted using a standardized questionnaire. In total, 607 and 637 STEMI patients were recruited in the 2010 and 2015 cohorts, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>STEMI patients in rural hospitals were older in the second group (63 years vs. 65 years, P = 0.039). We found increases in the prevalence of hypertension, prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and prior stroke. Over the past 5 years, the cost during hospitalization almost doubled. The proportion of STEMI patients who underwent emergency reperfusion had significantly increased from 42.34% to 54.47% (P < 0.0001). Concurrently, the proportion of primary PCI increased from 3.62% to 10.52% (P < 0.0001). The past 5 years have also seen marked increases in the use of guideline-recommended drugs and clinical examinations. However, in-hospital mortality and major adverse cardiac events did not significantly change over time (13.01% vs. 10.20%, P = 0.121; 13.34% vs. 13.66%, P = 0.872).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Despite the great progress that has been made in guideline-recommended therapies, in-hospital outcomes among rural STEMI patients have not significantly improved. Therefore, there is still substantial room for improvement in the quality of care.</p>

Molecular characteristics of hemagglutinin gene of influenza A (H3N2) virus strains circulating in Jiangsu province, China, 2013-2014 / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To analyze the genetic characteristics and the evolution of the influenza A (H3N2) virus strains circulating in Jiangsu province between 2013 and 2014.Methods This study analyzed thirty-one representative strains of influenza A (H3N2) virus, which were isolated in different regions of Jiangsu province and during different time periods from 2013 to 2014.Results Genetic distances in nucleic acid and amino acid between a strain used for vaccine production (A/Texas/50/2012) and the 31 strains were 0.010 5 and 0.012 4.Similarities between them in nucleic acid and amino acid sequences were 97.9%-99.6% and 97.2%-99.3%.Phylogenetic analysis showed that the hemagglutinin (HA) genes of the 31 strains were divided into three different groups.Three strains isolated in 2013 and three strains isolated in 2014 belonged to Group 1 and Group 2, respectively, while the others belonged to Group 3.Three positive selection sites (237, 366 and 367) in HA protein were observed by REL model.Compared with the strain used for vaccine production, the 31 strains were characterized by amino acid substitutions (N128A/T and P198S/A) in HA protein and all of the mutations located in B-cell epitopes.The total number of mutation sites reached 24.Compared with the A/Texas/50/2012 strain, seven strains presented the glycosylation site 126NWT, and three strains showed disappeared glycosylation sites of 45NSS and 144NNS.Evaluation of vaccine efficacy for A(H3N2) virus strains showed that the vaccine efficacy was not very well.Conclusion The HA gene of A(H3N2) virus had undergone a greater variation and the vaccine efficacy was not very well in Jiangsu province during 2013 to 2014, which made the influenza A(H3N2) virus become the circulating strain.

Inhibitory effect of geniposide against influenza A/H1N1 virus / 中国药科大学学报

@#The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects of geniposide against Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, geniposide was administered as a precaution drug, a direct deactivation drug or a treatment drug at different doses. Peramivir was applied as a positive control. The quantitative colorimetric MTT assay was applied to test both the cytotoxicity of geniposide on Madin-Darby Canine Kidney(MDCK)cells and the cytopathogenic effect(CPE)of geniposide on MDCK cells infected by influenza A(H1N1)virus. The viral inhibitory rate of geniposide on NT0901 was also calculated. In vivo, we presented a mouse model of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. Geniposide(5, 10, or 20 mg/kg)or peramivir(30mg/kg)were used as treatment procedures. Lung index and the survival rate were calculated to evaluate the therapeutic effects of geniposide or peramivir on NT0901-infected mice. Haematoxylin and eosin(H&E)stain was used to access the pathological alterations of lung tissues. The study in vitro demonstrated that the TD50(median toxic dose)of geniposide was higher than 1 040 μmol/L. Besides, the EC50(concentration for 50% of maximal effect)of geniposide administered for precaution, direct deactivation and therapy were 91. 90, 96. 25, 87. 68 μmol/L, respectively. These results suggested that geniposide could block the damage of NT0901 on MDCK cells in a dose-dependent manner. The results in vivo showed that geniposide could significantly alleviate the lung index elevation and inflammatory responses in lung tissues induced by NT0901, reduce the mortality of infected mice and extend their survival time. In conclusion, our investigation indicates that geniposide is highly effective in inhibiting cytopathogenic effect and acute lung injury caused by influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. Geniposide may be a potential therapeutic agent for the suppression of influenza virus.

Changes of CD8+CD28- T cell percentage in patients with multiple injuries and their clinical significance / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation of the changes in CD8(+)CD28(-) T cell percentage with platelet (PLT) and D-dimer (D-D) levels in patients with multiple injuries (MI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-six patients with MI, 31 with a single injury (SI group) and 26 healthy individuals were examined for peripheral blood CD8(+)CD28(-) T cells and intracellular transformation growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) contents using flow cytometry at 24, 48, and 72 h after the injuries. PLT and D-dimer levels were compared among the 3 groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CD8(+)CD28(-) T cells, TGF-β1 and IL-10 were significantly higher in MI group than in SI group and healthy control group (P<0.05) without significant differences between the latter 2 groups. The levels of PLT and D-D differed significantly among the 3 groups, the highest in MI group and the lowest in the control group. In MI group, CD8(+)CD28(-) T cells, TGF-β1 and IL-10 significantly increased at 48 h after the injury (P<0.05) but decreased significantly at 72 h (P<0.05) compared with the measurements at 24 h. The levels of PLT and D-D trended to decrease with time after the injuries and showed significant differences among the 3 groups at any of the 3 time points (P<0.05). CD8(+)CD28(-) T cells, TGF-β1 and IL-10 were all positively correlated with the levels of PLT and D-D in MI patients (r>0.70, P<0.05 for all comparisons).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In MI patients, CD8(+)CD28(-) T cell percentage and their cytokines tend to increase early after the injury but decrease significantly at 72 h in close relation with the changes of the coagulation function following the injuries.</p>

Establishment and application of a PCR-ELISA assay for the detection of seasonal influenza A virus subtypes H1 and H3 and influenza B virus / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To develop a PCR-ELISA assay for the rapid, specific and sensitive detec-tion of human seasonal influenza virus ( H1, H3 and B) by using molecular biological and immunological methods in combination.Methods The primers were designed according to the genes encoding the matrix protein ( M) , the H1 and H3 hemagglutinin ( HA) of influenza A virus and the nonstructural proteins ( B-NS) of influenza B virus and then were labeled with biotin.The PCR products were detected by ELISA by use of an internal catching probe labeled with DIG.Results The minimum copy numbers of genes encoding the M, H1, H3 and B-NS proteins detected by the established assay were 1.43?103 , 8.67?102 , 3.86?103 and 5.45?103 copies/μl, respectively, which indicated that the PCR-ELISA assay was about 10 times more sensitive than agarose gel electrophoresis in the detection of PCR products.No cross-reactions between the different subtypes of influenza virus or different species of virus were observed.Moreover, a total of 104 clin-ical specimens of influenza virus were examined by the PCR-ELISA assay, the results of which were consist-ent with those of the virus isolation method.Conclusion The newly developed PCR-ELISA assay was a highly sensitive and specific method for the rapid detection and subtyping of influenza virus, suggesting the possibility of using it in laboratory for the surveillance and detection of influenza virus.

Analysis of the molecular evolutionary characteristics of neuraminidases in influenza B virus strains isolated in Jiangsu province from 2010 to 2012 / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To analyze the substitutions at amino acid residues of neuraminidases ( NAs) in influenza B virus strains isolated in Jiangsu province from 2010 to 2012 and to further understand the genetic evolution of NAs in those influenza B virus strains .Methods Forty strains of influenza B virus isolated in Jiangsu province from 2010 to 2012 were screened out for this study .A two-step reverse transcrip-tion PCR ( RT-PCR) was performed to amply the gene fragments encoding the neuraminidases of influenza B virus strains.The PCR products were purified and then sequenced in an ABI 3730XL Genetic Analyzer.The evolutionary characteristics of NA gene were analyzed by using DNAStar , Bioedit, MEGA 5.0 and BEAST 1.8.0 softwares.Results The phylogenetic tree analysis of the NA genes showed that the NAs of 28 Vic-toria strains were derived from the Yamagata lineage .There were reassortments between the Victoria lineage-HA and theYamagata lineage-NA.Some of the strains added a glycosylation site at position 462.No substitu-tion was found in important enzyme active sites and neuraminidase inhibitor resistant sites .The Bayesian MCMC analysis showed that the estimated mean evolutionary rate for NA gene was 1.74×10-3(95%HPD:1.46×10-3-2.06×10-3) substitutions/site/year.The dN/dS ratio (ω), an indicator of selective pressure, was 0.24.Conclusion The important amino acid sites of NA were relatively conservative and the evolution -ary rate for NA gene was low .The dN/dS ratio was less than one , indicating that the NA gene was under pu-rifying selection .

Emergence of truncated PB1-F2 protein of H3N2 influenza virus during its epidemic period in Jiangsu Province, China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>PB1-F2 protein has been proven to increase the pathogenicity of influenza A virus (IAV) strains in primary infection and in secondary bacterial infection. It can also regulate the activity of viral polymerase. However, it was shown in another retrospective study that a portion of IAVs do not express full-length PB1-F2 protein during virus development; different kinds of stop codons cause exits in the open reading frames and form PB1-F2 gene products with the corresponding genotypes. Truncated PB1-F2 in human H3N2 IAVs has long been detected in North America but its evolution in China is still unclear.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Influenza-like illnesses (ILIs) from the whole of Jiangsu Province were collected and inspected to determine the type and subtype of the viruses. A portion of isolates collected in the epidemic period were selected as samples for later whole-genome sequencing, and the exact sequences were determined and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>H3N2 influenza virus was one of the epidemical strains which had been prevalent during 2009-2010, in Jiangsu. Five H3N2 isolates with truncated PB1-F2 protein (25aa) were detected in influenza samples from Nanjing and Xuzhou, while seven similar H3N2 isolates were also reported in Niigata, Japan.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This emergence indicates the possibility that there has been transmission of the H3N2 virus between the two countries.</p>

Effect of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine combined with trichostatin A on RPMI-8226 cell proliferation, apoptosis and DLC-1 gene expression / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) and histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) on DLC-1 gene transcription regulation and molecular biological behaviours in the human multiple myeloma RPMI-8226 cells. The cells were treated respectively with 5-Aza-CdR and TSA alone, or the both combination; the cell proliferation and apoptosis, DLC-1 expression, the protein expression of Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) were examined by CCK-8 method, RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The results showed that the 5-Aza-CdR and TSA had cell growth inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects in dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Compared with a single drug (5-Aza-CdR or TSA alone), the effects were significantly enhanced after treatment with the combination of 5-Aza-CdR and TSA (P < 0.05). DLC-1 was weakly expressed in the control group; the treatment with 5-Aza-CdR alone enhanced its re-expression dose-dependently (P < 0.05). Compared with 5-Aza-CdR alone, 5-Aza-CdR plus TSA enhanced DLC-1 re-expression significantly.Compared with the control, 5-Aza-CdR and TSA significantly decreased RhoA and Rac1 protein expression (P < 0.05). It is concluded that 5-Aza-CdR and TSA can effectively reverse DLC-1 expression of RPMI-8226 cells; TSA has a synergistic effect on its re-expression. 5-Aza-CdR and TSA have significant cell growth inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects on RPMI-8226 cells. These effects may be related to the inhibition of Rho/Rho kinase signalling pathway.

Significance of terminal QRS distortion on the electrocardiogram in acute inferior myocardial infarction / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate whether terminal QRS distortion on the electrocardiogram in acute inferior myocardial infarction could be as a standard for the infarct-related artery,through comparing to coronary angiography.Methods Fifty-seven patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction were enrolled,among which,the right coronary artery (RCA) occlusion (RCA occlusion group) was present in 29 cases,and left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) occlusion (LCX occlusion group) was in 28 cases.The changes of electrocardiogram was analyzed in 12 hours after the acute episode.Results The incidence of terminal QRS distortion in leads Ⅱ,Ⅲ,aVF in RCA occlusion group was 44.8％(13/29) and 39.3％(11/28)in LCX occlusion group,and there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of terminal QRS distortion in leads V4R-V5R in RCA occlusion group was 17.2％(5/29) and 7.1％(2/28) in LCX occlusion group,and there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of terminal QRS distortion in leads V7-V9 in RCA occlusion group was 6.9％(2/29),which was lower than that in LCX occlusion group[53.6％(15/28)],and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).For identifying LCX as the infarct-related artery of acute inferior myocardial infarction,the sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative value in terminal QRS distortion in leads V7-V9 were 53.6％ (15/28),93.1％ (27/29),88.2％ (15/17),67.5％ (27/40).The area under curve of terminal QRS distortion in leads V7-V9 in identifying LCX as the infarct-related artery of acute inferior myocardial infarction was 0.733 (95％ CI 0.599-0.868).Conclusion Terminal QRS distortion in leads V7-V9 may be of diagnostic value in identifying the infarct-related artery in acute inferior myocardial infarction.