Effect of Matrix Metallopeptidase 13 on the Function of Mouse Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells found in an immature state in epithelia and interstitial space, where they capture antigens such as pathogens or damaged tissue. Matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP-13), a member of the collagenase subfamily, is involved in many different cellular processes and is expressed in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs). The function of MMP-13 in DCs is not well understood. Here, we investigated the effect of MMP-13 on DC maturation, apoptosis, and phagocytosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were obtained from C57BL/6 mice. One short-interfering RNA specific for MMP-13 was used to transfect DCs. MMP-13-silenced DCs and control DCs were prepared, and apoptosis was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. MMP-13-silenced DCs and control DCs were analyzed for surface expression of CD80 and CD86 and phagocytosis capability using flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to the control DCs, MMP-13-silenced DCs increased expression of anti-apoptosis-related genes, BAG1 (control group vs. MMP-13-silenced group: 4.08 ± 0.60 vs. 6.11 ± 0.87, P = 0.008), BCL-2 (control group vs. MMP-13-silenced group: 7.54 ± 0.76 vs. 9.54 ± 1.29, P = 0.036), and TP73 (control group vs. MMP-13-silenced group: 4.33 ± 0.29 vs. 5.60 ± 0.32, P = 0.001) and decreased apoptosis-related genes, CASP1 (control group vs. MMP-13-silenced group: 3.79 ± 0.67 vs. 2.54 ± 0.39, P = 0.019), LTBR (control group vs. MMP-13-silenced group: 9.23 ± 1.25 vs. 6.24 ± 1.15, P = 0.012), and CASP4 (control group vs. MMP-13-silenced group: 2.07 ± 0.56 vs. 0.35 ± 0.35, P = 0.002). Protein levels confirmed the same expression pattern. MMP-13-silenced groups decreased expression of CD86 on DCs; however, there was no statistical difference in CD80 surface expression. Furthermore, MMP-13-silenced groups exhibited weaker phagocytosis capability.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results indicate that MMP-13 inhibition dampens DC maturation, apoptosis, and phagocytosis.</p>

Factors associated with incontinence following anorectal procedures / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the factors associated with postoperative fecal incontinence after anorectal procedures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 1074 patients underwent anorectal procedures in the Department of Colorectal Surgery at the Coloproctology Hospital of Shenyang. Factors associated with postoperative fecal incontinence were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Follow-up was available in all the patients. One hundred and forty-four(13.4%) patients developed mild incontinence, and 57(5.3%) moderate incontinence. There was no complete incontinence. The overall incontinence rate was 18.7%. The incontinence rate was 41.8%(107/256) after fistula procedures, higher than that after hemorrhoid procedures(12.4%,73/591) and fissure procedures(9.2%,21/227), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). Among 490 patients who received injection therapy for internal hemorrhoids, patients who received 10 ml of Xiaozhiling or more had a mild incontinence rate of 10.4%(27/259) and a moderate incontinence rate of 2.3%(6/259), and in those who received less than 10 ml of Xiaozhiling, the mild incontinence rate was 9.5%(22/231) and moderate incontinence rate was 4.3%(10/231). The differences were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). In 354 patients who underwent hemorrhoidectomy, the mild incontinence rate and moderate incontinence rate were both 14.1% in those who had excision of 3 or more hemorrhoids, and were 3.9%(11/283) and 2.1% (6/283) in those who had excision of less than 3 hemorrhoids, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). There was no difference in Incontinence rate was not associate with fistula or fissure procedure (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The incidence of incontinence is high after fistula procedures. Excision of hemorrhoids should not exceed 3 hemorrhoids. Wider adoption of injection therapy is encouraged.</p>