RESUMO
Objective:To analyze the results of polysomnography(PSG) in 523 children, and explore the sleep monitoring results and related influencing factors of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods:The PSG monitoring results of children with OSAHS and non-OSAHS were analyzed for children aging from 0 to 16 years old, who were monitored at Sleep Medicine Center of Gansu Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019.Results:A total of 523 children underwent PSG monitoring during the past 5 years.The male to female ratio was 1∶0.47, of which 66.9%(350/523)were children with OSAHS.The average proportion of rapid eye movement sleep was 1.95%(7.7/394). The height of non-OSAHS group was significantly higher than that of OSAHS group[(108.72±16.39)cm vs.(104.80±16.60)cm, P=0.016]. The incidence of OSAHS decreased with age( P=0.038). The apnea index, hypopnea index, apnea hypopnea index, obstructive apnea index, microarousal index, oxygen desaturation index, mean apnea time, and longest apnea time in the OSAHS group were higher than those in the non-OSAHS group( P<0.05). And the lowest oxygen saturation and the mean oxygen saturation during sleep were lower than those in the non-OSAHS group( P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis on the clinical data of OSAHS children showed that open mouth breathing and snoring at night had significant effects on children′s OSAHS, and the differences were statistically significant( P<0.05). Conclusion:PSG is of great significance for the diagnosis of OSAHS.The more severe the degree of OSAHS, the worse severe the night sleep hypoxemia.PSG should be recommended before taking any treatment for children with sleep disorders.
RESUMO
Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestations and characteristics of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in children, and improve the diagnosis and treatment of foreign bodies.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of children with tracheobronchial foreign bodies confirmed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy between January 2010 to December 2019.The children with tracheobronchial foreign body who were treated in the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Gansu Province.Results:A total of 967 cases were operated by soft electronic bronchoscope, and foreign bodies were removed by means of foreign body forceps or nets.Among them, 19 cases(3 cases with subglottic foreign bodies, one with row of pins, and the rest 15 cases with foreign bodies completely wrapped by granulation)were not removed, two cases were spontaneously coughed, and 946 cases (97.8%)were removed.Bronchial foreign bodies in children were more common in boys, with the ratio of male to female being 2.14∶1.The main age of onset was 1-3 years old(88.8%). The incidence was slightly higher in rural areas than that in urban areas(46.5% in urban areas, 53.5% in rural areas). Foreign bodies were inhaled most in March and least in June.From the perspective of season, winter and spring were more than summer and autumn.The foreign body types inhaled were mainly exogenous plant foreign body, accounting for 93.0%, among which peanut(31.7%)and melon seeds(19.2%)were the most common.The duration of foreign body inhalation was up to 347 cases(35.9%)in 1-3 days.There were 501 cases(51.8%)with endoscopic endobronchial inflammation, and 196 cases of children with varying degrees of granulomatous hyperplasia, accounting for 39.1% and 20.3% of the total.The foreign body in the right bronchus accounted for 50.0% and the left bronchus for 43.7%.There were 793 cases confirmed by imaging, with a positive rate of 81.9%, and 90.9% confirmed by CT.Conclusion:About 88.8% of tracheobronchial foreign bodies occurred in 1 to 3 years of age.The occurrence of foreign bodies had obvious gender, urban-rural and seasonal distribution characteristics, and more cases were male, in rural and winter as well as spring.
RESUMO
Objective@#To investigate the association of the polymorphisms of the gene of estrogen receptor α 1 (ESR1) with the risk of hypospadias in children of Northeast China.@*METHODS@#This study included 95 hypospadias patients aged 3.2±0.6 years and 105 children aged 3.1±0.7 years as normal controls. Using PCR and gene sequencing, we determined the genotypes of the polymorphisms of ESR1 rs2077647 and rs6932902 in the two groups of subjects.@*RESULTS@#The results of PCR and gene sequencing showed statistically significant differences in the genotype and allele frequency distribution of the polymorphisms rs2077647 (χ2 = 8.552) and rs6932902 (χ2 = 16.251) (P<0.05) in the hypospadias and control groups. The hypospadias patients, in comparison with the normal controls, exhibited a markedly higher frequency of the SNP C allele in rs2077647 (OR = 1.410 ［1.130－1.759］, P<0.05), but a remarkably lower frequency of the SNP G allele in rs6932902 (OR = 2.263 ［1.503－3.408］, P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The rs2077647 and rs6932902 polymorphisms of the ESR1 gene are associated with the risk of hypospadias, and so is its haplotype in children in Northeast China.
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Masculino , Alelos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , China , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio , Genética , Genótipo , Haplótipos , Hipospadia , Genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , RiscoRESUMO
Objective To explore the diagnosis value of serum cystatin C (Cys C),neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and urinary interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels in critically cases from pediatric Intensive Care Units (ICU).Methods 114 cases from June 2015 to January 2017 in Xidian Group Hospital were enrolled in the study.According to whether cases secondary to AKI,they were divided into AKI group (64 cases) and non-AKI group (50 cases).At same time 50 healthy cases were selected as the control group.The Serum creatinine (Scr),urinary nitrogen (BUN),Cys C,NGAL and urinary IL-18 levels were measured in each subject.The relationship between the indexes of AKI group was analyzed by Pearson analysis.The value of serum Cys-C,NGAL and urinary IL-18 in the diagnosis of AKI was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results Serum Cys-C,NGAL and urinary IL-18 levels of the AKI group were higher than that of the non-AKI group and the control group,the difference had statistical significance (t=3.137～28.642,t1 =7.653～33.672,all P＜0.05).The levels of serum Cys-C and NGAL were positively correlated with Scr levels (Beta=0.273,0.514,all P＜0.05).The urinary IL-18 levels were negatively correlated with serum albumin (Alb) (Beta =-0.342,P＜0.05).The area under the ROC carve (AUC) of serum Cys-C,NGAL and urinary IL-18 was 0.872 (95％ CI:0.831～0.936),0.823 (95％ CI:0.641～0.925) and 0.714 (95％CI:0.598～0.833).Conclusion The levels of serum Cys-C and NGAL were elevated earlier than Scr,and it can be used as reliable indicators of early diagnosis of early cases AKI in ICU.
RESUMO
Objective To investigate the alterations in oligodendrocyte and microglia and changes in neurobehavior after human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUcMSCs) intervention on the newborn rat model of white matter damage (WMD) induced by hypoxia-ischemia.Methods After the operation of left common carotid artery ligation and 4 h hypoxia (6％ O2 and 94％ N2),twelve three-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats died and the remaining sixty rats were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group.The first day was 0 to 24 h after birth.Rats of the experimental group were intraperitoneally injected the fourth generation HUcMSCs 1 × 106 (0.05 ml) on the third,fourth and fifth day respectively.At the same time,rats of the control group were intraperitoneally injected phosphate buffer (0.05 ml).Eight rats of each group were executed on the tenth and twenty first day respectively to detect the number of cells positive for myelin basic protein (MBP) and ectodermal dysplasia-1 (ED-1) staining by immunohistochemistry.Three rats of each group were executed on the tenth and twenty first day respectively to detect MBP and ED-1 expression by western blot.Eight rats of each group were weighed and underwent the neurobehavioral evaluation on the twenty eighth day.Data were analyzed using t test.Results On the tenth and twenty first day,the numbers of MBP-positive cells in the experimental group (11.8 ± 4.1 and 23.8± 8.1) were significantly higher than those in the control group (6.7±3.1 and 11.5 ± 5.8,t=-2.81 and 3.49,both P＜0.05) ; and the numbers of ED-1 positive cells in the experimental group (20.8 ± 3.4 and 19.1 ± 2.8) were significantly lower than those in the control group (32.8±4.2 and 29.5±5.2,t=6.23 and 4.93,both P＜0.01).On the tenth and twenty first day,MBP expressions in the experimental group (1.3 ± 0.1 and 1.1 ± 0.1) were higher than those in the control group (0.8±0.0 and 0.6±0.1,t=-7.53 and 6.68,both P＜0.01) ; and the ED-1 expressions in the experimental group (0.6±0.1 and 0.4±0.1) were lower than those in the control group (1.0±0.1 and 0.8±0.1,t=3.09 and 4.90,both P＜0.01).Weight on the seventh,tenth,fourteenth,twenty first and twenty eighth day in the experimental group [(15.0± 1.2),(16.6±0.9),(27.0± 1.6),(44.2±2.3) and (68.1 ±4.2) g] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(12.7 ± 1.6),(13.5 ± 2.0),(23.6 ± 1.9),(38.4± 0.9) and (60.0± 4.2) g,t=-3.11,-3.97,3.67,-6.52 and-3.72,all P＜0.05].On the twenty eighth day,the score of open field test in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (36.5 ± 2.9 vs 24.3 ± 3.6,t=7.36,P＜0.01).So was the hanging test (3.6± 1.0 vs 2.0±0.7,t=3.53,P＜0.01).In Cylinder test,the ratio of left/both and right/both forefeet in the experimental group were similar [(49.8± 13.3) ％ vs (41.4±5.9) ％,t=0.86,P＞0.05],but the ratio of left/both forefeet in the control group was higher than right/both [(49.5 ± 11.3) ％ vs (31.2±3.2) ％,t=4.38,P＜0.01].Conclusions HUcMSCs are able to enhance the number of oligodendrocytes while weaken the activity of microglias in the WMD newborn rat model,and to promote the physical development and improve the rat neurobehavior.
RESUMO
Objective To investigate the effects and the migration mechanisms of stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR-4) in rats with white matter damage treated with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs).Methods A total of 108 three-day old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the experimental group,control group and sham group.The left common carotid artery was ligated and then exposed to hypoxia of 6％ O2 and 94％ N2 in rats in the experimental and control groups.Rats in sham group were neither ligation nor hypoxia.After 24 hours,rats in the experimental group were administered 0.5 ml hUC-MSCs (1 × 106/ml) intraperitoneally,and rats in control and sham groups were administered 0.5 ml saline by the same way.Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to determine the expression of SDF-1 and CXCR-4 protein and mRNA in 5-,7-and 14-day-old rats.Analysis of variance and the LSD test were used for statistical analysis of the data.Results HE staining showed that,in 14 day-old rats of the experimental group,bilateral cerebral ventricles were similar with no cellular edema or necrocytosis.In the sham group,bilateral cerebral ventricles were also normal.However,in the control group,ventriculomegaly,cellular degeneration and necrocytosis were observed on the left side.On the 5th,7th and 14th day,SDF-1 protein levels were 0.15±0.06,0.24±0.01 and 0.12±0.01,and CXCR-4 protein levels were 0.35±0.16,0.60±0.21 and 0.72±0.25,respectively,in the experimental group; SDF-1 protein levels were 0.13 ± 0.01,0.16± 0.01 and 0.08± 0.01,and CXCR-4 protein levels were 0.18 ± 0.04,0.17 ± 0.09 and 0.25 ± 0.06,respectively,in the control group,and all were higher than those in the sham group (SDF-1 protein levels were 0.03 ± 0.01,0.04± 0.01 and 0.02±0.01; and CXCR-4 protein levels were 0.04±0.02,0.05±0.03 and 0.05±0.03,respectively) (LSD test,all P＜0.05).SDF-1 protein increased to a peak on the 7th day and decreased on the 14th day in the experimental group,however,these values were both higher than those in the control group (LSD test,both P＜0.05).CXCR-4 protein increased on the 5th day and continued to increase up to the 14th day in the experimental group,and these values were higher than those in the control group at the three time points (LSD test,all P＜0.05).In 5-,7-and 14-day-old rats,SDF-1 mRNA levels were 3.52 ± 0.33,4.18± 0.28 and 2.60± 0.21,respectively,in the experimental group,which were higher than those in the control group (2.07± 0.34,3.73 ± 0.28 and 2.08± 0.15,respectively),and were even higher than those in the sham group (0.99±0.17,1.00±0.16 and 1.31 ±0.32,respectively) (LSD test,all P＜0.05).In the experimental group,SDF-1 mRNA levels reached a peak on the 7th day,and on the 14th day,it decreased to the level lower than that on the 5th day (LSD test,all P＜0.05).In the control group,SDF-1 mRNA levels also reached a peak in 7-day-old rats,but not in 14-day-old rats,which was similar to 5-day old rats (LSD test,9＞0.05).In 5-,7 and 14-day-old rats of the experimental group,CXCR-4 mRNA levels were 1.32±0.29,1.75±0.36 and 2.33±0.49,respectively,higher than those in the sham group (1.00±0.16,0.94±0.16 and 0.81±0.14,respectively) and the control group (0.97±0.14,0.97±0.15 and 1.07±0.25,respectively) (LSD test,all P＜0.05).In the experimental group,CXCR-4 mRNA levels were higher in 14-day-old rats than that in 5-and 7-day-old rats (LSD test,both P＜0.05).Conclusions SDF-1/CXCR-4 may play a vital role in the migration of hUC-MSCs homing to damaged brain.
RESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the differences about RNA interference (RNAi) technique which focuses on single or multiple sites to suppress colon cancer LoVo cell line's epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA and protein expression, induce cell apoptosis and enhance 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) sensitivity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The human colon cancer LoVo cells were transfected by liposome with pU6-EGFR-shRNA-1 and pU6-EGFR-shRNA-2 expressive vectors which were established by p Genesil-1 plasmid and EGFR short hairpin RNA (shRNA) synthesized in vitro, then were selected for 4 weeks by using G418. Five groups were selected for the study: Group 1: the normal cultured LoVo cells; Group 2: the negative control plasmid HK; Group 3: pU6-EGFR-shRNA-1 plasmid vector; Group 4: pU6-EGFR-shRNA-2 plasmid vector; Group 5: pU6-EGFR-shRNA-1 and pU6-EGFR-shRNA-2, half for each. The mRNA and protein expression were assessed using Real Time PCR and Western blot, the cell apoptosis was determined via flow cytometry, and the suppressive rate and IC(50) to LoVo cells by 5-FU of different concentrations and time points were carried out by using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Expression plasmids encoding shRNA were successfully established and transfected into the LoVo cells. In group 3, 4 and 5, the mRNA expression was decreased by (80.2 +/- 3.4)%, (81.3 +/- 2.8)% and (90.6 +/- 2.8)%, respectively, and protein expression was decreased by (74.1 +/- 4.0)%, (73.4 +/- 2.3)% and (90.4 +/- 3.3)%, respectively; meanwhile, cell apoptosis increased by (10.4 +/- 0.5)%, (10.1 +/- 0.4)% and (14.2 +/- 0.5)%, respectively. The IC(50) of 5-FU and cell suppressive rate analysis demonstrated that there were significant differences among group 5, groups 3 and 4, and groups 1 and 2, but there were no significant difference between group 1 and group 2, as well as group 3 and group 4.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both pU6-EGFR-shRNA-1 and pU6-EGFR-shRNA-2 were capable of suppressing EGFR expression of LoVo cells, and therefore promoting apoptosis and increasing the cell toxicity of 5-FU. The targeting double combined sites RNAi technique was significantly better than single site interference. The new therapeutic modalities in the treatment of human colon cancer are suggested by this study.</p>