Ethical considerations on the development and application of artificial intelligence in public health / 上海预防医学

With the development of digital technology， an increasing number of artificial intelligence （AI） technologies are being applied in the field of public health， significantly improving the efficiency of healthcare systems. However， such technological advancement also introduces a series of ethical risks. In this article， we conducted a systematic review by searching nine domestic and international databases and analyzing the ethical issues related to AI in public health， ultimately including 158 articles. Based on the analysis of the included literature， ethical risks were categorized into four aspects： data， algorithms， rights and responsibilities， and social impact. A total of 15 key issues were identified， among which privacy and confidentiality， informed consent， data security， and fairness， justice and inclusion emerged as the most prominent issues. The ethical challenges posed by AI in the field of public health cannot be ignored， and it is necessary to formulate ethical guidelines and practical recommendations for AI in this field， establish sound regulatory and review mechanisms， thereby ensuring the healthy development of AI research in public health.

Clinical observation of venetoclax combined with homoharringtonine and cytarabine in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To observe the short-term efficacy and safety of venetoclax combined with homoharringtonine and cytarabine in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia （AML）. METHODS The data of 40 newly diagnosed AML patients admitted to our hospital from October 2022 to November 2023 were retrospectively collected and divided into observation group and control group according to treatment plan， with 20 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were given Daunorubicin hydrochloride for injection+Cytarabine for injection， and the patients in the observation group were given Venetoclax tablets+ Homoharringtonine injection+Cytarabine for injection. The patients in both groups were given relevant medicine， with 28 days as one cycle. The short-term efficacy， negative rate of minimal residual disease （MRD）， duration of granulocyte deficiency， duration of platelet （PLT） ＜20×109 L－1， transfusion volume of suspended red blood cells and platelet， and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions were evaluated in both groups after 1 cycle of induction chemotherapy. RESULTS The complete remission or complete remission with incomplete hematologic recovery （CR/CRi） rate in the observation group was significantly higher than control group （P＜0.05）， and the negative rate of MRD in the observation group was also significantly higher than control group （P＜0.05）. However， in low-， medium- and high-risk patients， there was no statistical significance in CR/CRi rates between the two groups （P＞0.05）. There were no significant differences in the duration of agranulocytosis， the duration of PLT ＜20×109 L－1， the amount of suspended red blood cell transfusion， the amount of platelet transfusion， the incidence of hematologic toxicity and the incidence of non-hematologic toxicity between 2 groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Venetoclax combined with homoharringtonine and cytarabine show good short-term efficacy and safety in the treatment of AML.

Activity and transcriptional regulatory elements of the promoter in Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) β-defensin103 gene / 生物工程学报

The aim of this study was to screen the active regions and transcription factor binding sites in the promoter of the CBD103 gene related to Arctic fox coat color, and to provide a basis for revealing the molecular genetic mechanism of CBD103 gene regulating the coat color formation. The 5'-flanking region fragment 2 123 bp of Arctic fox CBD103 gene was cloned, and 4 truncated promoter reporter vectors of different lengths were constructed. The promoter activity was detected by the dual-luciferase reporter assay system. Point mutations were performed on the 3 predicted specificity protein 1 (Sp1) transcription factor binding sites in the highest promoter active region, and 3 mutant vectors were constructed. The activity was then detected by the dual-luciferase reporter assay system. The results showed that the region 1 656 (-1 604/+51) had the highest activity in the 4 truncated promoters of different lengths, and the promoter activity of the three mutant vectors constructed in this region were significantly lower than that of the wild type (fragment 1 656). The region of -1 604 /+51 was the core promoter region of CBD103 gene in Arctic fox and -1 552/-1 564, -1 439/-1 454 and -329/-339 regions were positive regulatory regions. This study successfully obtained the core promoter region and positive regulation regions of the Arctic fox CBD103 gene, which laid a foundation for further study on the molecular genetic mechanism of this gene regulating Arctic fox coat color.

Clinical effect of orbital fat replacement combined with orbicularis oculi muscle flap folding for correction of severe upper eyelid depression with multiple eyelid / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To explore the method and effect of orbital lateral fat replacement combined with orbicularis oculi muscle flap for correction of severe upper eyelid depression with multiple eyelid.Methods From January 2014 to January 2017,26 patients with severe upper eyelid sag with multiple eyelid were treated in Department of Plastic Surgery,Huai'an Second People's Hospital,including 18 cases of multiple physiological sag eyelid,improper operation on the formation of 8 cases of multiple eyelid eyelid sag.All the patients adopt outside orbital fat reset with the orbicularis muscle flap folded for the treatment.Results The follow-up time was 6 months to 1 year,with an average of 8.5 months.23 patients with upper eyelid sag with multiple eyelid were rectified,3 cases of upper eyelid depression associated with multiple eyelid depression alleviated,multiple eyelid disappeared,including 5 cases of preoperative patients with mild ptosis,and symptoms improved after surgery.Conclusions The orbital lateral fat replacement combined with orbicularis oculi muscle flap folding is a safe and effective treatment for upper eyelid depression with multiple eyelid.

Identification of the core promoter of the pmel gene of Bashang long-tail chickens / 生物工程学报

To explore the activity of the pmel core promoter of Bashang long-tail chickens, we constructed dual-luciferase expression vectors and transiently transfected into DF1 cells with Lipofectamine 2000. We measured the luciferase activity with the dual-luciferase detection kit. The 1 268 bp fragment in 5-flanking region of the pmel gene in Bashang long-tail chickens was cloned. The region from -1 200 bp to +68 bp included 2 CpG islands and multiple transcription factor binding sites. We constructed 9 expression vectors with different promoter regions and a mutant vector of the core promoter region of the pmel gene of Bashang long-tail chickens. The core promoter region from -840 bp to +68 bp was identified in the pmel gene. The region from -590 to -525 bp negatively regulated the pmel gene during the transcription process. The -840--590 bp and -525--266 bp regions were positive regulatory regions. The polymorphic sites (-456, -435, -410, -374 and -341) had a significant effect on the promoter activity of the pmel gene.

Clinicopathological features of 13 cases of small intestine gastrointestinal stromal tumors / 中国现代医生

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological features,immune phenotype,diagnosis,differential diagnosis of small intestine gastrointestinal stromaI tumors (GIST). Methods Clinical manifestations,pathological fea-tures and immunohistochemical characteristics were analyzed in 13 cases of small intestine gastrointestinal stromal tu-mors with review of the relative literature. Results Of 13 cases,age ranged from 34 to 76 years(mean 52 years),includ-ing 8 males and 5 females. There were 8 cases in jejunum,3 cases in ileum,2 cases in duodenum. In 13 patients,1 case was low risk,4 cases were middle risk,and 8 cases were high risk The diameter of tumors was 1.6-18 cm. Of 13 cases,there were 6 cases of spindle cell type,3 cases of epithelioid cell type and 4 cases of mixed cell type.Immunohis-tochemically,tumor cells were positive for CD117,DOG-1,Vimentin,but negative for Desmin, S-100. CD34 and SMA were positive in 5 cases,nestin was positive in 10 cases. The positive rate of Ki-67 was from+8%to+30%. Conclusion Small intestinal stromal tumors are rare tumors of alimentary tract, the prognosis was significantly worse in gastric GIST. Surgery is the principal and effective procedure for the tumors.