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With the significant reformation of the health care system in China, medical edu-cation has also been adjusted rapidly in order to meet the needs of health services and development of medical and health undertakings. However, as a result of the adjustment of medical education system and the different schooling system in different regions around the country, medical education system and academic degree in China can hardly be comparedaround the world, and the education institutions such as universities in foreign countries can't understand clearly our country's medical education system and degree very well. Based on the medical education theory and practice of Australia, this paper de-scribes and analyses the difference of medical education system between the two countries, so as to provide some idea on perfecting the medical educationtralning model in China as well as lay a founda-tion for the comparison between Chinese medical education system and mature systems of foreign countriessuch as Australia.
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OBJECTIVE:To demonstrate challenges of pharmacy automation reconstruction so as to set solutions. METHODS:Based on literature review,analysis of pharmacy automation setting and features,this paper gave the suggestions and solutions on construction cost,management model change,equipment maintenance and emergency response,etc. according to the practice of the hospital. RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Pharmacy automation construction should be stick to the requirements of new health re-form to lower the cost by using the out resources and interior optimal allocation,to improve efficiency by unified planning and proper design,and to ensure the system running efficiently by sufficient maintenance and contingency plan.
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Objective To evaluate the inlluence of atopy on juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Methods The study involved 117 cases with JIA from Department of Pediatrics,Renji Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine of Shanghai Jiaotong University from Jul.2008 to Jul.2013.These patients were enrolled for retrospective cohort study,and subdivided into JIA and atopic group or JIA and non-atopic group.There were 34 cases combined with atopy,83 cases without atopy.Based on the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR),those JIA children in the atopic group were organized into AR group (19 cases) and non-AR group (15 cases).The clinical and laboratory data were recorded and analyzed to compare the differences of the remission of American College of Rheumatology Pediatric (ACR Pedi) 30/50/70 between atopic group and non-atopic group,AR group and non-AR group.In AR group,the correlation between AR scores and disease activity score (DAS28) was analyzed.Results 1.The physician's and patients'/parents' general assessment on a 100 mm visual-analogue scale (VAS),number of joints with restriction of movement and childhood health assessment questionnaire (CHAQ) were significantly elevated in atopic group compared with controls at the beginning (all P ＜ 0.05).In the follow-up 3 months after disease onset,the proportion of reaching ACR Pedi 30,50 and the proportion of reaching ACR Pedi 50,70 in 6 months later in JIA with atopy were lower than JIA children without atopy (all P ＜ 0.05) ; In the follow-up 3 and 6 months,the cumulative glucocorticoid dose was higher in atopy group compared with Non-atopy,which showed a statistical significance (all P ＜ 0.05).2.Among the AR group,at the disease onset,the physician's and patients'/parents' VAS,number of joints with restriction of movement and CHAQ were elevated in AR group compared with controls with statistical significance (all P ＜ 0.05).In the follow-up 3 months,the proportion of reaching ACR Pedi 30 and 50 was lower in AR group compared with non-AR group.In the follow-up 6 months,the cumulative glucocorticoid dose was higher in AR group compared with non-AR,which showed a statistical significance.But the ratio of ACR Pedi 30,50 and 70 were lower in AR group compared with non-AR group (all P ＜ 0.05).Among JIA combined with AR,at the beginning,follow-up 3 and 6 months after disease onset,the scores of AR positively correlated with DAS28 (r =0.671,0.518,0.496,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Atopy or AR may exert an adverse influence on JIA.
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Objective To analyze the psychological condition of postgraduates in clinical hos-pitals of colleges and universities before and after the implementation of psychological mentor scheme so as to evaluate the effect. Methods Quantitative questionnaire (SCL-90 scale) and qualitative fo-cus interview were used to compare psychological condition of postgraduates. Totally 182 copies of questionnaires were sent to two hospitals (A and B) respectively. Then, psychological mentor scheme was carried out in A hospital. Afterwards, 206 and 140 copies of questionnaires were sent again to the hospitals respectively to compare the results. Eight student psychological consultants, 12 postgraduates and 5 postgraduate management staff were enrolled in qualitative focus interview. Excell2003 software was adopted to establish the database and SPSS 11.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Descrip-tive analysis, frequency analysis, t test, chi-square test and variance analysis were adopted for data analysis. P<0.05 signifies for statistically significant difference. Results Mental health status of both groups was better than the national level before the implementation (total SCL score: A hospital=118 . 08 ±36.20; B hospital =100.33 ±22.90). However, SCL-90 score of A hospital was decreased (total SCL score: 102.58 ±25.23) and that of B hospital (total SCL score:134.01 ±38.92) was in-creased (part of items higher than the adult national norm) at one year after conducting psychological mentor scheme. Conclusions Psychological mentor scheme can effectively relieve stress and interper-sonal stress so as to reduce the general psychological problems and can help to improve mental health of the students.
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AIM: Inflammatory responses play an important role in the post- percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) restenosis and has been demonstrated occuring immediately after PTCA. Interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) are the main inflammatory cytokines. We try to compare the changes in interleukin-6(IL-6) and TNF-? after PTCA in the patients with and without collateral circulation to probe into the pathogenesis of early inflammatory response. METHODS: The extent of myocardial ischemia induced by balloon inflation was quantified by a scoring system referring to the Leaman coronary score. The IL-6?TNF-? levels of coronary heart disease group and control group before and after PTCA are calculated. RESULTS: The concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-? were (9.592?1.847) ng/L and (26.959?1.967) ng/L, respectively, and were significantly increased [(27.423?1.882) ng/L and (78.542?1.573) ng/L)] 4 hours after PTCA. CONCLUSION: IL-6 and TNF-? are sensitive indicators of the early inflammatory response after PTCA. Ischemia scores reflected the extent of ischemia reperfusion injury during PTCA. Collateral circulation decreased the early inflammatory response after PTCA.