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Objective: To invest the differences among mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from different tissues and their impacts on clinical applications. Methods: In this study, MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue (AD), umbilical cord tissue (UC), and menstrual blood (Men) and compared their biological characteristics in terms of proliferation capacity, passage capacity, colony formation, and surface markers were compared. Results: The stem cells (SCs) obtained from different sources were all characterized as MSCs, but demonstrated some differences. Umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCMSCs) were able to overcome density inhibition. The proliferation rate decreased in the order UCMSCs > MenSCs > ADSCs, while the colony-forming ability decreased in the order MenSCs > ADSCs > UCMSCs. Based on gene-expression data for MSCs from different sources within the same donor, 768 MenSC genes were found that were specifically upregulated or downregulated compared with bone marrow-derived MSCs and UCMSCs, most of which were involved in cell function-related pathways. In addition, MenSCs appeared to be superior in terms of immune inflammation, stress response, and neural differentiation potentials, but weaker in terms of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation capacities, compared with UCMSCs and bone marrow-derived MSCs. Conclusions: MenSCs have higher extraction efficiency, colony-forming ability, and long time passage capacity. Although the proliferation capacity is inferior to UCMSCs.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE@#To invest the differences among mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from different tissues and their impacts on clinical applications.@*METHODS@#In this study, MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue (AD), umbilical cord tissue (UC), and menstrual blood (Men) and compared their biological characteristics in terms of proliferation capacity, passage capacity, colony formation, and surface markers were compared.@*RESULTS@#The stem cells (SCs) obtained from different sources were all characterized as MSCs, but demonstrated some differences. Umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCMSCs) were able to overcome density inhibition. The proliferation rate decreased in the order UCMSCs > MenSCs > ADSCs, while the colony-forming ability decreased in the order MenSCs > ADSCs > UCMSCs. Based on gene-expression data for MSCs from different sources within the same donor, 768 MenSC genes were found that were specifically upregulated or downregulated compared with bone marrow-derived MSCs and UCMSCs, most of which were involved in cell function-related pathways. In addition, MenSCs appeared to be superior in terms of immune inflammation, stress response, and neural differentiation potentials, but weaker in terms of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation capacities, compared with UCMSCs and bone marrow-derived MSCs.@*CONCLUSIONS@#MenSCs have higher extraction efficiency, colony-forming ability, and long time passage capacity. Although the proliferation capacity is inferior to UCMSCs.
RESUMO
Plant bioreactor called mocular farming has enormous potential to produce recombinant protein infinitely. Products expressed in plants has nature physico-chemical property and bioactivity. Plant bioreactor could be an safe, economic and convenient production system which has been widely applied in industries and agriculture, especially in the life science and pharmaceutical industry. The application of recombinant transgenic plant in the production of vaccines, antibodies and pharmaceutical proteins has become a hot point in the plant genetic engineering both at home and broad. However, there are some limiting factors of application such as yield, downstream processing and so on. The advantages and research progress for the mocular farming of pharmaceutical proteins recent three years was discussed, focusing on the existing problems and new strategies in this area.