Liver Tissue-related Metabolic Mechanism of Different Infusion Volumes for Hemorrhagic Shock / 法医学杂志

Objective To investigate the curative effects of various infusion volumes on liver-related metabolic mechanism in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock.Methods A severe hemorrhagic shock rabbit model was established in 30 rabbits.The rabbits were randomly divided into three groups:non-infusion group (A), conventional infusion group (B), and excessive infusion group (C) (n=10 in each group).Taking group B as the control, groups A and C were observed for the damage of non-infusion and excessive infusion, respectively.The outcomes in the three groups and their relations with liver tissue metabolism changes were analyzed with gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS).Results The mortality in groups A, B, and C group were 80％, 0％, and 70％, respectively.The liver tissue metabolic profile in group B showed statistically significant difference compared with that in groups A and B.In group C, the levels of 21 metabolites were lower than those in group B, and the levels of8 metabolites were lower than those in group A.The relative contents of various metabolites were correlated with infusion volumes, and the succinic acid content was associated with death events (P＜0.05).Conclusion The conventional infusion has significant curative effect on hemorrhagic shock.The metabolites of liver tissues with excessive infusion are generally decompensated and have longer survival time than those in non-infusion group, which may caused by the excessive infusion-induced blood volume increase after hemorrhagic shock.Tissue fluid dilution is an important cause of death.

Role of p38MAPK signaling pathway in autophagy of Henle-407 cells induced by spvB of Salmonella typhimurium / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of p38MAPK signaling pathway in autophagy of intestinal epithelial cells induced by spvB of S.typhimurium.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Henle-407 cells in exponential growth were infected with wild-type S.typhimurium strain STM-211 (with spvB gene), spvB mutated strain STM-delata;spvB, or with delata;spvB-complemented strain STM-c-spvB after treatment of the cells with the p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580. At different time points of co-culture, the cells were collected and the intracellular bacteria were counted. Western blotting was performed to detect the expressions of phosphorylated p38 and autophagy-related proteins LC3 and p62; immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the expression and distribution of LC3.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 1, 2 and 4 h after the infection, the phosphorylation levels of p38 in STM-211 group and STM-c-spvB group were significantly lower than that in STM-delata;spvB group (P<0.05). At 2 and 4 h of co-culture, the intracellular bacterial counts were significantly greater in STM-211 and STM-c-spvB infection groups than in STM-delata;spvB group (P<0.05). Pretreatment with p38 inhibitor SB203580 did no significantly affect the expression levels of LC3 II or P62 in STM-211 and STM-c-spvB groups, but caused significant reduction in their expressions in STM-delata;spvB group at 1 h (P<0.05), and such changes were more obvious at 3 h (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The inhibitory effect of spvB gene on autophagy in intestinal epithelial cells is related with the negative regulation of p38MAPK signaling pathway.</p>

Effects of recombinant fusion protein interleukin-18 on expression of immune-inflammatory factors in mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of recombinant fusion protein interleukin (IL)-18 on the expression of immune-inflammatory factors in the mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus (SA), and to investigate the mechanism of action of IL-18 in defense of SA infection in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 40 specific pathogen-free female BLAB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, SA infection, immunized, and intervention. A mouse model of SA infection was established by nasal inoculation with SA liquid. The immunized group and the intervention group were intranasally given IL-18 before SA modeling, and then the SA infection group and the intervention group received the nasal inoculation with SA liquid; the control group was treated with phosphate buffered saline instead. The levels of IL-4, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), IgM in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α mRNA and MIP-2β mRNA in the lung tissue of mice were determined by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the SA infection group and the immunized group had significantly higher levels of IL-4, G-CSF, and IgM in the serum and BALF and expression of MIP-1α mRNA and MIP-2β mRNA in the lung tissue (P<0.05); the SA infection group had a significantly lower level of IFN-γ and a significantly higher level of TNF in the serum and BALF (P<0.05); the immunized group had a significantly higher level of IFN-γ in the serum and BALF (P<0.05). Compared with the SA infection group, the intervention group had significantly higher levels of IL-4, IFN-γ, G-CSF, and IgM in the serum and BALF and expression of MIP-1α mRNA in the lung tissue. In contrast, the intervention group showed a significantly lower level of TNF in the serum and BALF and expression of MIP-2β mRNA in the lung tissue (P<0.05). All the above indicators in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), except the serum level of IFN-γ.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In the mice infected with SA, the recombinant fusion protein IL-18 by mucosal immunity can affect inflammatory factors in the serum and BALF and the expression of MIP-1α mRNA and MIP-2β mRNA in the lung tissue to promote the anti-infective immune response and enhance the ability to clear pathogens.</p>

Metabolic Characteristics of Lethal Bradycardia Induced by Myocardial Ischemia / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the metabolic characteristics of lethal bradycardia induced by myocardial ischemia in rat's serum.@*METHODS@#A rat myocardial ischemia-bradycardia-sudden cardiac death （MI-B-SCD） model was established, which was compared with the sham-operation group. The metabolic profile of postmortem serum was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, coupled with the analysis of serum metabolic characteristics using metabolomics strategies.@*RESULTS@#The serum metabolic profiles were significantly different between the MI-B-SCD rats and the control rats. Compared to the control rats, the MI-B-SCD rats had significantly higher levels of lysine, ornithine, purine, serine, alanine, urea and lactic acid; and significantly lower levels of succinate, hexadecanoic acid, 2-ketoadipic acid, glyceraldehyde, hexendioic acid and octanedioic acid in the serum. There were some correlations among different metabolites.@*CONCLUSIONS@#There is obvious metabolic alterations in the serum of MI-B-SCD rat. Both lysine and purine have a high value in diagnosing MI-B-SCD. The results are expected to provide references for forensic and clinical applications of prevention and control of sudden cardiac death.

Postmortem interval estimation by time-dependent changes of morphology and biomechanical properties in brain tissues / 医用生物力学

Objective To explore the regularity of time-dependent changes in morphology and biomechanical properties of brain tissues in pigs, and value the feasibility of deducing the postmortem interval (PMI). Methods Brain tissues were taken from 42 pigs and kept in an artificial climate chamber with the temperature of 25 ℃ and humidity of 75%. The samples were collected from telencephalon at sequential time intervals (0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 h；n=6) according to the principle of predefined time, position, direction, ratio, quantity and shape. The samples fixed with formaldehyde were then immediately tested by mechanical testing machine to obtain their biomechanical parameters and the histological sections were prepared. Results With the extension of PMI (0-60 h), brain tissues gradually became discolored, weak, mudding and liquefied under the influence of autolysis and putrefaction. Both clearance area of the white matter and its integrated optical density (IOD) significantly increased during 0-48 h. Biomechanical properties of brain tissues including the limit load, average force, elastic modulus and fracture energy all presented a declining tendency at the interval of 12-60 h. The limit load was considered highly statistically significant, and statistical differences were found in average force, elastic modulus and fracture energy. Conclusions There exists a significantly negative structure-activity relationship between the morphology of brain tissues and biomechanical properties. The limit load of postmortem brain tissues in 60 h is the optimum in the window period, which can be used as a new method for estimating PMI.

Postmortem interval estimation by time-dependent changes of morphology and biomechanical properties in brain tissues / 医用生物力学

Objective To explore the regularity of time-dependent changes in morphology and biomechanical properties of brain tissues in pigs,and value the feasibility of deducing the postmortem interval (PMI).Methods Brain tissues were taken from 42 pigs and kept in an artificial climate chamber with the temperature of 25 ℃ and humidity of 75％.The samples were collected from telencephalon at sequential time intervals (0,12,24,36,48,60 h;n =6) according to the principle of predefined time,position,direction,ratio,quantity and shape.The samples fixed with formaldehyde were then immediately tested by mechanical testing machine to obtain their biomechanical parameters and the histological sections were prepared.Results With the extension of PMI (0-60 h),brain tissues gradually became discolored,weak,mudding and liquefied under the influence of autolysis and putrefaction.Both clearance area of the white matter and its integrated optical density (IOD) significantly increased during 0-48 h.Biomechanical properties of brain tissues including the limit load,average force,elastic modulus and fracture energy all presented a declining tendency at the interval of 12-60 h.The limit load was considered highly statistically significant,and statistical differences were found in average force,elastic modulus and fracture energy.Conclusions There exists a significantly negative structure-activity relationship between the morphology of brain tissues and biomechanical properties.The limit load of postmortem brain tissues in 60 h is the optimum in the window period,which can be used as a new method for estimating PMI.

Population characteristics and impact on heart rate variability, heart rate and blood pressure of passive smoking / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the basic characteristics of passive smoking population, and the impact of passive smoking on heart rate variability, heart rate and blood pressure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-six passive smokers [mean age: (52.4 ± 7.6) years] were recruited from patients and their relatives who visited cardiovascular outpatient department and excluded structural heart disease between June 2010 and June 2012, 80 normal subjects who were not exposed to smoking served as controls. Questionnaire survey, 24 hours ambulatory electrocardiogram examination and blood pressure measurement were performed in all recruited subjects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Non-marriage rate [18.60% (16/86) vs. 3.75% (3/80), P < 0.01] was significantly higher while education level were significantly lower in passive smoking group than in control group. Passive smokers were more likely service industry workers [29.07% (25/86) vs. 15.00% (12/80), P < 0.05] and had longer daily working time [(7.56 ± 1.24) h vs. (6.02 ± 0.96) h, P < 0.01], and were less likely to be professional technology industry employers [20.93% (18/86) vs. 36.25% (29/80), P < 0.05] and managers [13.95% (12/86) vs. 38.75% (31/80), P < 0.01] compared to controls. The main place of passive smoking was workplace (67.44%, 58/86), entertainment venues (63.95%,55/86), restaurants (48.84%, 42/86). (2) Standard of the normal sinus RR intervals (SDNN), the normal consecutive sinus RR interval difference between the root-mean-square (rMSSD) and adjacent the difference between the RR interval>50 ms the number of share the percentage (PNN50) were significantly lower in passive smoking group than in the control group (all P < 0.05). Every 5 min average of the standard deviation of sinus RR cycle (SDNN index) and 24 h every 5 min sinus RR interval mean standard deviation (SDANN) were similar between the 2 groups (all P > 0.05). Ultra-low-frequency power (VLF), low frequency power (LF), high frequency power (HF) and LF/HF were significantly lower in passive smoking group than in the control group (all P < 0.01). (3) Heart rate and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in passive smoking group than in control group (all P < 0.05) while systolic blood pressure was similar between the 2 groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Marriage status, education level, profession and daily working time are independent determinants for passive smoking. Passive smoking mainly occurred in the workplace, entertainment venues and restaurants. Passive smoking is linked with reduced heart rate variability, increased 24 h average heart rate and diastolic blood pressure.</p>

Types and risk factors of arrhythmia on young patients with acute coronary syndrome in Henan province / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The types and risk factors of arrhythmia were analyzed on acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients under the age of 44 years who were hospitalized in Henan province between September 2009 to June 2012.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Medical records of eligible patients were obtained from the information system of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University teleconsultation information center. Middle aged and elderly ACS patients who were hospitalized at the same period served as controls. Data on arrhythmia types, blood pressure, thyroid disease, respiratory sleep apnea syndrome, smoking history, history of alcohol consumption, eating habits, family history of early-onset arrhythmia, laboratory tests were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Arrhythmia was detected in 110 out of young ACS patients (55%), which was significantly lower than that in the elderly ACS patients (71.05%, P < 0.01). (2) The top three arrhythmias in young ACS patients were: sinus tachycardia (30.50%), the premature ventricular contractions (19.00%), atrial flutter/atrial fibrillation (16.50%). Incidence of sinus tachycardia, atrial flutter/atrial fibrillation were significantly higher while incidence of ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia were significantly lower in young ACS patients than in middle-aged ACS patients (all P < 0.05). The incidence of sinus tachycardia was higher while incidence of ventricular premature accelerated ventricular spontaneous cardiac rhythm, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, non-paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, atrial flutter/atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, nodal escape, atrioventricular block were significantly lower in young ACS patients than in elderly ACS patients (all P < 0.05). (3) Body mass index, incidence of smoking, coronary three-vessel disease, drinking, eating salty foods, thyroid dysfunction, sleep apnea were significantly higher in youth ACS patients with arrhythmia than in young ACS patients without arrhythmia (all P < 0. 05). (4) Logistic regression analysis found that number of diseased coronary vessels (OR = 24.293), smoking (OR = 1.112) and alcohol consumption (OR = 1.039) were independent risk factor for developing arrhythmia in young ACS patients from Henan province.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The main types of arrhythmia are sinus tachycardia, premature ventricular contractions, atrial flutter/atrial fibrillation and the major risk factors related to the arrhythmia are number of diseased coronary vessels, smoking and alcohol consumption in young ACS patients from Henan province.</p>

Superficial peroneal neurocutaneous vascular axial adipofascial-cutaneous flap pedicled with lateral supramalleolar perforator for coverage of donor site defects at foot dorsum / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To report the operative techniques and clinical results of modified superficial peroneal neurocutaneous propeller adipofascial-cutaneous flap for reconstruction of donor site defects at foot dorsum.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A propeller adipofascial flap with a skin pedicle (4-6 cm in width) based on the lateral superamalleolar perforating artery which vascularized the flap through the nutrient vessel chain of the superficial peroneal nerve was designed to repair defects after harvesting of foot pedicled dorsal flap. The defects at donor site of the leg was closed directly and split-thickness skin grafting was performed on the adipofascial surface of the flap primarily or secondarily.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From May 2007 to Oct. 2011, 7 cases were treated. All flaps were transplanted successfully with satisfactory cosmetic and functional results. The flaps size ranged from 19 cm x 8 cm to 30 cm x 11 cm.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The flap has reliable blood supply with a relatively large vascularized area, long rotation are and minimum donor-site cosmetic morbidity. It' s a simple and safe procedure which is suitable for covering donor sites defects after harvesting foot pedicled dorsal flap.</p>

Dominant perforator neurocutaneous flaps for one-staged reconstruction of defects caused by high energy at lower legs, ankles and feet / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effect of dominant perforator neurocutaneous flaps for one-staged reconstruction of defects caused by high energy at lower legs, ankles and feet.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From July 2003 to Feb. 2011, 39 cases, with defects caused by high energy at lower legs, ankles and feet, were retrospectively studied. The defects were covered primarily by one or two perforator neurocutaneous flaps (free or pedicled) which were based on a dominant perforator arising from the posterior tibial or peroneal artery (including the lateral supramalleolar perforating artery which is also from the peroneal vessel) respectively through sural, saphenous and superficial peroneal neurocutaneous vascular axis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>39 cases with 44 defects were treated by 32 sural neurocutaneous flaps based on the peroneal perforator (5 free and 27 pedicled), 6 saphenous neurocutaneous flaps on the posterior tibial perforator (1 free and 5 pedicled) and 6 superficial peroneal ones on the lateral supramalleolar perforating artery. The largest flap size was 22 cm x 10 cm. All flaps were survived successfully without necrosis. The average in-hospital time was 23 days ( ranged from 12-36 days).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The three kinds of dominant perforator neurocutaneous flaps have reliable blood supply with a relatively large size. They can be chosen and designed individually for all kinds of defects over the lower leg, ankle and foot. There are many advantages in a primary procedure, such as easier dissection, better vessel status in or around recipient areas, less secondary necrosis and lower risk of chronic infection. Moreover, the reduction of granulation and scar tissues benefit functional rehabilitation.</p>

Relation between expression of cerebral beta-APP in the chronic alcoholism rats and death caused by TSAH / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#By observing the cerebral beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP) expression in the chronic alcoholism rats with slight cerebral injury, to discuss the correlation of chronic alcoholism and death caused by traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage (TSAH).@*METHODS@#Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into watering group, watering group with strike, alcoholism group and alcoholism group with strike. Among them, the alcohol was used for continuous 4 weeks in alcoholism groups and the concussion was made in groups with strike. In each group, HE staining and immunohistochemical staining of the cerebral tissues were done and the results were analyzed by the histopathologic image system.@*RESULTS@#In watering group, there was no abnormal. In watering group with strike, mild neuronic congestion was found. In alcoholism group, vascular texture on cerebral surface was found. And the neurons arranged in disorder with dilated intercellular space. In alcoholism group with strike, diffuse congestion on cerebral surface was found. And there was TSAH with thick-layer patches around brainstem following irregular axonotmesis. The quantity of beta-APP IOD in alcoholism group was significantly higher in the frontal lobe, hippocampus, cerebellum, brainstem than those in watering group with strike and alcoholism group with strike.@*CONCLUSION@#The cerebral tissues with chronic alcoholism, due to the decreasing tolerance, could cause fatal TSAH and pathological changes in cerebral tissues of rats under slight cerebral injury.

Effect of the smoking cessation services in the out-patient department for patients with coronary heart disease / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects and clinical prognosis of out-patient department-based smoking cessation services for coronary heart disease (CHD) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 140 smoking patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease in our cardiovascular department were randomly divided into the intensive smoking cessation clinic follow-up group (intervention group, patients were informed on the importance and methods to quit smoking at the first visit and reminded for that at months interval for 6 months, n = 70) and the conventional treatment group (control group, n = 70). After 6 months, the smoking status, cardiovascular event rates, drug usage, out-patient medical costs and quality of life were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Age, gender, concomitant diseases, drug usage were similar between the two groups at baseline (all P > 0.05). After 6 months, smoking quit rate [34.2% (24/70) vs. 5.7% (4/70), P < 0.01], drug use rates: lipid-lowering drugs [95.3% (67/70) vs. 80.4% (56/70)], β blockers [82.4% (57/70) vs. 41.3% (28/70)], and ACEI/ARB [61.4% (43/70) vs. 34.4% (24/70)] were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group, while total cardiovascular event rates [21.4% (15/70) vs. 47.1% (33/70), P < 0.01] and out-patient medical costs (3789.3 RMB vs. 4984.2 RMB, P < 0.01) were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group. The quality of life scores derived from MYO health survey questionnaire was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (P < 0.01). The top three reasons responsible for continuous smoking for all patients failed to quit smoking were: (1) others smoked more than me and still alive and healthy [90.3% (56/62)]; (2) smoking helped me to keep relaxed and reduce trouble in daily work and life [70.9% (44/62)]; (3) smoking was essential while chatting and drinking with friends [66.1% (41/62)]. The overall satisfactory rate to this smoking cessation program was 42.8% and the satisfactory rate was up to 50.0% by patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Intensive outpatient smoking cessation follow-up program can significantly improve the smoking cessation rates, the guideline drug use rate and the quality of life while reduce medical costs for coronary heart disease patients.</p>

Application of bacterial cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids in children with pulmonary infection / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the value of bacterial cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) in children with pulmonary infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bacterial cultures sampled from both sputum and BALF were performed on 80 hospitalized children with pulmonary infection between June 2008 and February 2011.Culture results between the two samples were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 80 children with pulmonary infection, bacterial cultures of BALF showed that Viridans Streptococci were found in 72 cases (90%), Neisseria in 41 cases (51%), Streptococcus pneumoniae in 11 cases (14%), Staphylococcus Aureus in 3 cases (4%) and Escherichia coli in 3 cases (4%). The positive rates of Viridans Streptococci in the bacterial cultures of BALF was not significantly different from the bacterial cultures of sputum, but the positive rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the bacterial cultures of BALF was significantly higher than in the bacterial cultures of sputum (4%). Moreover, Escherichia coli were found only by bacterial cultures of BALF.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Bacterial cultures of BALF are useful in the identification of pathogenic bacteria for pulmonary infection in children. Due to the samples taken from the lesion regions in bacterial cultures of BALF, the results of may be more reliable.</p>

Changes of biomechanical properties of soft tissues in underwater corpse for postmortem interval estimation / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the postmortem changes of biomechanical properties of underwater corpses and value for estimating postmortem interval.@*METHODS@#SD rats were sacrificed by cervical vertebra dislocation and stored in the water at constant temperature. The vessel wall, skin, muscle, small intestine and colon were sampled at different postmortem time points (0h, 6h, 12h, 18h, 24h, 30h, 36h, 42h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h, 168h, 192h). The biomechanics properties of different soft tissues including ultimate load, strain, maximum stress were measured by electronic universal material testing machine.@*RESULTS@#Except for the vessel wall, the biomechanics properties of skin, muscle, small intestine and colon showed linear decrease gradually after death. Each tissue displayed its obvious "window period" for PMI estimation.@*CONCLUSION@#The time-sequential changes of biomechanical property parameters of soft tissue in underwater corpses are significantly correlated with PMI and it could be a simple and quantitive new technology for estimating PMI. The specific heat capacity of the heat-eliminating medium around the corpses probably is one of the physical factors to influence algor mortis, autolysis, putrefaction and biomechanics properties.

Iron and ferritin changes in multiple organs failure after trauma / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the changes of iron content in serum and liver, ferritin content in serum, percentage of myeloperoxidase (MPO) positive granulocyte in rabbits after different serious trauma and to explore the relationship between these changes and multiple organ failure (MOF).@*METHODS@#Rabbit trauma models were established. Iron content in serum and liver, ferritin content in serum and the percentage of MPO positive granulocyte were measured at different time after trauma.@*RESULTS@#After trauma, iron content in serum decreased sharply in early period (12-36h) and increased gradually to normal level in mild traumatic group after 60 h. Iron content in serum remained lower level in severe traumatic and death group 60 h after trauma. Iron content in liver obviously increased in death group. The changes of ferritin content in serum in mild traumatic were not obvious. Ferritin contents in serum in severe injury group and death group were slightly higher in early period and decreased in later period. The percentage of MPO positive granulocyte increased in early period after trauma. The percentage began to decrease 6 d after trauma and returned to normal level in mild traumatic group. The percentage obviously was significantly lower than normal levels in severe traumatic group and death group 6 d after trauma. Some rabbits died 60 h-6 d after severe trauma, and the pathological changes in the other organs were consistent with MOF.@*CONCLUSION@#Trauma can cause the serum iron, ferritin levels and percentage of MPO positive granulocyte changes. Severe trauma can cause uncompensated changes of these indicators, which could be the main mechanisms of MOF and death.

Coronary characteristics of young smokers with coronary heart disease and the effects of tobacco control on smoking cessation / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Coronary features of young smokers and non-smokers with coronary heart disease were compared and the effect of tobacco control education was analyzed.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 160 young patients (14 - 35 years old) diagnosed with coronary heart disease by coronary angiography were included in this study, patients were followed up for 3 months. There were 118 smokers and 42 non-smokers, smokers were further divided to psychological counseling intervention group (68 cases) and control group (50 cases), non-smokers were also divided into psychological counseling intervention group (22 cases) and control group (20 cases).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Incidence of single-vessel lesion (50.84% vs. 66.67%) was significantly lower, acute coronary syndrome (75.42% vs. 50.00%), double-vessel lesions (24.58% vs. 19.05%), three-vessel lesions (11.86% vs. 4.74%) as well as coronary artery ectasias (12.71% vs. 9.52%) was significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers. Gensini scores (61.94 ± 40.35 vs. 45.08 ± 28.97) was significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers (all P < 0.05). At the end 3-months follow up, smoking cessation rate was significantly higher in psychological counseling intervention group than in control group (61.76% vs. 30.00%, P < 0.05). New smokers was zero in psychological counseling intervention group and 1 in control group among previous non-smokers.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Smoking is linked with severe coronary artery lesion in young patients with coronary heart disease and psychological counseling intervention could significantly increase the short-term successful smoking cessation rate in these patients.</p>

Assessment of left ventricular systolic synchronicity by quantitative tissue velocity imaging in patients with left ventricular noncompaction / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess left ventricular systolic synchronicity by quantitative tissue velocity imaging (QTVI) in patients with left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighteen LVNC patients and 30 healthy controls were included. Two-dimensional echocardiography, QTVI was applied on parasternal long axis view, apical two-chamber and four-chamber view. Tissue velocity curve was obtained from the middle and basal segments of left ventricular posterior, lateral, septal, anterior, inferior and anteroseptal walls. Time interval from the beginning of QRS complex to the peak systolic velocity (Q-Ts) and the maximal difference in Ts among all 12 LV segments (Max-DeltaTs) was calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Q-Ts from basal and middle segments of left ventricular inferior, lateral and posterior walls was significantly prolonged in LVNC patients compared to controls (P < 0.001). Max-DeltaTs was also significantly increased in LVNC patients [(161.9 +/- 93.2) ms] than that in controls [(61.2 +/- 27.4) ms, P < 0.001].</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There was significant left ventricular asynchronies in patients with LVNC and delayed systolic contraction occurred mostly in the basal and middle segments of left ventricular inferior, posterior and lateral walls.</p>

Comparison of the antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from children and adults in vitro / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the differences of theantimicrobial-resistant profiles between the isolates of Staphylococci aureu from children and from adults.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Staphylococci was identified by the plasma coagulase test, Staphylococci monoclonal antibody and VITEK-32 fully automated microbiology analyzer.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by the K-B disk diffusion for 84 Staphylococci isolates from children and 74 Staphylococci isolates from adults. Cefoxitin was used for detecting methillicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by the disk diffusion test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seven (8%) MRSA isolates were found in Staphylococci isolates from children compared with 35 MRSA isolates (47%) in those from adults (p<0.01). All strains were susceptible to vancomycin. All strains from children were susceptible to fusidic acid. The resistant rates of the isolates from children to cefazolin, cefuroxime, gentamicin, cefoxitin, and levofloxacin were significantly lower than those from adults (p<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The antimicrobial resistance of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates from adults is more prevalent than that in the isolates from children.</p>

The Y-STR polymorphisms and phylogenetic relationships of two minority populations in Liaoning province / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the genetic polymorphisms of 11 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STR) loci in 484 male individuals from two minority populations, the Hui and Xibe, of Liaoning province, and to evaluate their forensic application values and genetic relationships with other 15 populations of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eleven Y-STR loci in all samples were amplified with PowerPlex Y System, and the PCR products were analyzed by 310 Genetic Analyzer. Cluster analysis and neighbor-joining tree were applied to show the genetic distance among the populations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In Hui people, 187 haplotypes were identified, and the overall haplotype diversity value was 0.9990. The gene diversity values (GD) for each locus ranged from 0.4783(DYS437) to 0.9679(DYS385a/b); In Xibe people, 237 haplotypes were identified, and the overall haplotype diversity value was 0.9984. The GD value for each locus ranged from 0.3618(DYS391) to 0.9686(DYS385a/b). Comparing with 15 reference populations, the genetic distance between the Hui and Xibe was the nearest (0.0257), and that between the Hui and Yi was the farthest (0.1046), while the genetic distance between Xibe and Korean was also the farthest (0.0978). The NJ tree was similar to the results of clustering analysis and all the 17 populations were clustered into 3 groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The genetic distribution of the 11 Y-STR loci in Liaoning Hui and Xibe ethnic groups showed favorable polymorphisms, therefore are suitable for forensic identification and paternity testing in the local area. The study of haplotype diversity among different populations is useful in understanding their origins, migrations and their relationships.</p>

Polymorphisms of 11 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat loci in Chongqing Tujia ethnic group and genetic relationships with 16 populations / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the genetic polymorphisms of 11 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STR) loci in Chongqing Tujia population, and to evaluate their forensic application values and genetic relationships with the other 16 populations of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eleven Y-STR loci in 215 unrelated Tujia individuals from Chongqing were amplified with PowerPlex Y System, and the PCR products were analyzed by 310 Genetic Analyzer. Cluster analysis and phylogenic trees were applied to show the genetic distance among the populations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 195 haplotypes were identified and the overall haplotypes diversity for the 11 Y-STR loci was 0.9942. The gene diversity values (GD) for each locus ranged from 0.3757 (DYS391) to 0.9170 (DYS385a/b). Comparing with other 16 populations, the genetic distance between Tujia and Tibetan was the nearest (0.02467), that between the Tujia and Korean ethnic groups was the farthest (0.25350).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The genetic distribution of the 11 Y-STR loci in Chongqing Tujia population showed favorable polymorphisms. They are suitable for forensic identification and paternity testing in the local area. The study of genetic diversity among different populations is useful in understanding their origins, migrations and their relationships.</p>