RESUMO
Inflammatory diseases are common medical conditions seen in disorders of human immune system. There is a great demand for anti-inflammatory drugs. There are major inflammatory mediators in arachidonic acid metabolic network. Several enzymes in this network have been used as key targets for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs. However, specific single-target inhibitors can not sufficiently control the network balance and may cause side effects at the same time. Most inflammation induced diseases come from the complicated coupling of inflammatory cascades involving multiple targets. In order to treat these complicated diseases, drugs that can intervene multi-targets at the same time attracted much attention. The goal of this review is mainly focused on the key enzymes in arachidonic acid metabolic network, such as phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase, 5-lipoxygenase and eukotriene A4 hydrolase. Advance in single target and multi-targe inhibitors is summarized.
Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Anti-Inflamatórios , Usos Terapêuticos , Araquidonato 5-Lipoxigenase , Metabolismo , Usos Terapêuticos , Ácido Araquidônico , Metabolismo , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase , Usos Terapêuticos , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Métodos , Epóxido Hidrolases , Metabolismo , Usos Terapêuticos , Inflamação , Tratamento Farmacológico , Inibidores de Lipoxigenase , Redes e Vias Metabólicas , Inibidores de Fosfolipase A2 , Fosfolipases A2 , Metabolismo , Usos Terapêuticos , Prostaglandina-Endoperóxido Sintases , MetabolismoRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the characterization of hemagglutination and the sequence of HA1 region of the influenza A (H3N2) virus in Zhejiang province and Japan in recent years.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hemagglutinin antigenic analysis of influenza A (H3N2) viruses which were isolated in Zhejiang province was carried out and to compare their characterization of hemagglutination and the sequence of amino acids in HA1 region with the virus strains from Japan during the same period.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The antigenicity and the amino acid sequence in HA1 region of the virus strains prevalent in Zhejiang in recent years have changed to some extent. Most of the virus strains were lack of hemagglutination reaction to chicken red blood cell and became "O" phase virus strains. The amino acid sequence of HA1 region of the virus strains exhibited only 94.82% of its homology with that of A/Wuhan/359/95 strain. The virus strains of Japan in the same period showed similar characteristics.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HA1 gene variation of influenza A (H3N2) viruses was the main cause leading to the spread of influenza in the last years.</p>
Assuntos
Humanos , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Antígenos Virais , Alergia e Imunologia , China , Epidemiologia , Variação Genética , Testes de Hemaglutinação , Glicoproteínas de Hemaglutininação de Vírus da Influenza , Genética , Alergia e Imunologia , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2 , Vírus da Influenza A , Genética , Alergia e Imunologia , Influenza Humana , Epidemiologia , Virologia , Japão , Epidemiologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Homologia de Sequência de AminoácidosRESUMO
In order to make students have integrative qualities and reform the shortage of former teaching methods in the food microbiology experiment,a new experiment teaching system was established,introducina the integrative and innovative experiment to the students gradually.The reformation of experiment in food microbiology has trained the students well and improved their special skills.Most important of all,it can offer them a chance to realize their own ideas.The students can design an innovative and integrative experiment to carry out their originalities.Good effects have been made since this system is very helpful to improve their consciousness of innovation and integrative abilities in doing experiments.
RESUMO
Protamex,flavorzyme and neutrase were used for bienzyme hydrolysis of Mytilus edulis.Protamex and flavorzyme were determined as the optimal hydrolases by analysis of hydrolysis effects.After bienzyme hydrolysis,ester forming yeast fermentation was used to prepare seasoner.The effects of fermentation of single or compound strains on the value of FAN were detected by formaldehyde titration method.The results showed that the value of FAN was 0.65% when the conditions of ester forming yeast 1274 were as follows:inoculation volume 5%(v/v),fermentation temperature 28℃ and culture time 72h after bienzyme hydrolysis;the value of FAN was 0.78% when the hydrolytic solution was fermented by compound strains including ester forming yeast 1274 and 1202 under the same fermentation conditions.After fermentation of ester forming yeast,the seasoner gave a full-bodied smell of ester with fermentation flavour.
RESUMO
Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism(T-RFLP) is a resent molecular approach that can assess subtle genetic differences between strains as well as provide insight into the structure and function of microbial communities. This method overcomes the confinement of conventional culture-dependent methods and has both high sensitivity and throughput making it ideal for comparative analyses. Though there is still no application in our country, more and more investigators are highlighting it. In this article, the fundamental principle of this technique is introduced. The recent application and the development of this technique are also summed up .