Influence of the duration of orthokeratology lens cessation on patients' refractive status and corneal endothelial cells / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the influence of the duration of orthokeratology lens cessation on patients' refractive status and corneal endothelial cells.METHODS: Adolescent myopia patients who wore orthokeratology lens from July 2019 to July 2020 and recently planned to stop wearing the lens were divided into mild group and severe group according to spherical equivalent. Refractive status, corneal morphology, corneal endothelial cells, and visual quality were measured at cessation and 1, 2 and 3mo after cessation.RESULTS: The corneal flat K values, steep K values and mean K values in the two groups were lower at cessation than those before wearing lenses. These values returned to the level before wearing lenses at 2mo after cessation(P>0.05). The corneal astigmatism, surface regularity index and surface asymmetry index in each group showed no statistically significant difference before wearing lenses and at 1, 2 and 3mo after cessation(P>0.05). There was no significant change in corneal endothelial cell density of the two groups at 1, 2 and 3mo after cessation compared with those before wearing lenses(P>0.05). The proportion of hexagonal cells in the two groups was lower at cessation than that before wearing lenses, and it returned to the level before wearing lenses at 1mo after cessation(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Corneal morphology and corneal endothelial cells can be restored to the level before wearing orthokeratology lens at 3mo after cessation.

Preparation and quality evaluation of total flavonoids microemulsion of "Pueraria lobata-Hovenia dulcis" / 中国中药杂志

The effective components of flavonoids in the "Pueraria lobata-Hovenia dulcis" drug pair have low bioavailability in vivo due to their unstable characteristics. This study used microemulsions with amphoteric carrier properties to solve this problem. The study drew pseudo-ternary phase diagrams through titration compatibility experiments of the oil phase with emulsifiers and co-emulsifiers and screened the prescription composition of blank microemulsions. The study used average particle size and PDI as evaluation indicators, and the central composite design-response surface method(CCD-RSM) was used to optimize the prescription; high-dosage drug-loaded microemulsions were obtained, and their physicochemical properties, appearance, and stability were evaluated. The results showed that when ethyl butyrate was used as the oil phase, polysorbate 80(tween 80) as the surfactant, and anhydrous ethanol as the cosurfactant, the maximum microemulsion area was obtained. When the difference in results was small, K_(m )of 1∶4 was chosen to ensure the safety of the prescription. The prescription composition optimized by the CCD-RSM was ethyl butyrate(16.28%), tween 80(9.59%), and anhydrous ethanol(38.34%). When the dosage reached 3% of the system mass, the total flavonoid microemulsion prepared had a clear and transparent appearance, with average particle size, PDI, and potential of(74.25±1.58)nm, 0.277±0.043, and(-0.08±0.07) mV, respectively. The microemulsion was spherical and evenly distributed under transmission electron microscopy. The centrifugal stability and temperature stability were good, and there was no layering or demulsification phenomenon, which significantly improved the in vitro dissolution of total flavonoids.

Interpretation and review of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Hypertension in China (2020 edition) and exploration of traditional Chinese medicine for antihypertensive treatment / 中国中药杂志

Hypertension is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease-related deaths among urban and rural residents, and it has become a significant global public health issue. In October 2022, the Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension in China(hereinafter referred to as the Practice Guidelines) were jointly released by the National Cardiovascular Center and other academic organizations. The Practice Guidelines sparked extensive discussions as they clearly lowered the diagnostic criteria for hypertension, raised the blood pressure targets for elderly patients, and proposed changes in the timing of early medication intervention. While these adjustments have some international evidence-based support, there is still debate regarding the cardiovascular benefits of intensified blood pressure control based on the existing level of evidence. Furthermore, whether the series of new standards proposed in the Practice Guidelines are suitable for the Chinese population and whether the hypertension control level in primary care in China can adapt to the new diagnostic and treatment standards require further in-depth research. In contrast to the strict blood pressure control concept emphasized in the Practice Guidelines, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) emphasizes the concept of comprehensive prevention and treatment and holistic therapy in the treatment of hypertension, including prehypertension, hypertension, and target organ damage. In recent years, based on abundant clinical trial research and high-quality evidence-based support, the advantages of TCM in treating hypertension have gradually emerged. Previous studies by this research team have found that the pathogenesis of hypertension includes three major types: fire syndrome, fluid retention syndrome, and deficiency syndrome. TCM treatment of hypertension features stable blood pressure reduction, gentle blood pressure lowering, and long-lasting effects. In addition to blood pressure reduction, it also has effects such as reversing risk factors and protecting target organ damage. It demonstrates the characteristics of multiple targets, multiple components, and comprehensive regulation, and can be applied throughout the entire process of prevention and treatment, including prehypertension, hypertension, and target organ damage in the early, middle, and late stages of hypertension. Therefore, it has certain clinical application prospects.

Stimulation of mGluR5 by VU0360172 protected against germinal matrix hemorrhage in neonatal rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the protective effect of mGluR5 activated by VU0360172 on germinal matrix hemorrhage in neonatal rats.Methods Seven day- old SD rats were randomly divided into Sham, GMH, and low-, medium-, and high-dose groups.The model was established by intracerebral injection of collagenase W-S.Then three doses of VU0360172 were injected intraperitoneal

Therapeutic effects of Atropine penalization therapy and occlusion therapy on children with anisometropic amblyopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the curative effect of atropine penalization therapy and occlusion therapy on children with anisometropic amblyopia, and the influence on visual function.METHODS:This prospective study included 158 children with anisometropic amblyopia who were admitted to the hospital between February 2018 and September 2020. Children enrolled were divided into penalization therapy group(78 cases)and occlusion therapy group(80 cases)by random number table method. Dominant eyes of the penalization therapy group were treated with 1% atropine gel for twice a week, while dominant eyes of the occlusion therapy group were covered for 2h or longer every day. Treatment effect, stereoscopic function and contrast sensitivity were measured after 6mo of treatment. The pattern visual evoked potentials were detected, treatment compliance,and treatment effect were evaluated.RESULTS:The overall compliance rates of the penalization therapy group and the occlusion therapy group were 96.2% and 73.8%(<i>P</i><0.05). The overall response rates of the two groups were 79.5% and 73.8%(<i>P</i>>0.05). The overall effective rates of stereoscopic visual function reconstruction in the two groups were 74.4% and 56.3%(<i>P</i><0.05). After treatment, the contrast sensitivities under 1, 4, 8, 10 and 12c/d were significantly increased in the two groups(all <i>P</i><0.001). Besides, the contrast sensitivities under 8, 10 and 12c/d in the penalization therapy group were higher than those in the occlusion therapy group(all <i>P</i><0.05). After treatment, P100 amplitude(μV)of the penalization therapy group was higher than that of the occlusion therapy group(12.96±2.10 <i>vs </i>11.42±2.53μV,<i>P</i><0.05), while P100 latency(ms)was lower than that of the occlusion therapy group(105.26±12.41 <i>vs</i> 111.40±11.74ms, <i>P</i><0.05). CONCLUSION:For patients with amblyopia, atropine penalization therapy can improve treatment compliance and stereoscopic visual function of patients with amblyopia, and have higher safety.

Analysis of middle ear function of the patients with cleft palate after palatoplasty / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the middle ear function of the patients with cleft palate pre and post palatoplasty. Methods: 76 patients with cleft palate were investigated by clinical history and audiology examinations including electric otoscopy,tympanometry and click-ABR threshold. Results: The risk for middle ear function decreased with advancing age in the first 5 years. It was noticed that the otologic outcomes was related to the CP type. During long time follow-up, the frequency with the middle ear function disorder was always high within the CP patients but the proportion of the patients received tympanostomy tubes was low relatively. The prevalence of middle ear dysfunction did not differ with the time of cleft palate repair. Conclusion: The patients with cleft palate have middle ear function dysfunction in a long period of time,therefore a standard long-time follow-up system is necessary.

DUSP8 Overexpression Alleviates LPS-induced Macrophage Inflammatory Responses through JNK/p38 MAPK Pathways / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Dual-specificity phosphatase 8 (DUSP8) is a member of the dual-specificity phosphatase family, which has been reported to participate in the development of many diseases.However, it is unclear whether DUSP8 plays an important role in the inflammatory response of macrophages and related immune cells.This study aims to detect the expression of DUSP8 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage inflammatory responses and to observe the effect of DUSP8 overexpression on macrophage inflammatory responses.100 ng/ml LPS was used to treat bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from wild-type C57BL/6 mice at different time points.Real-time PCR and Western blotting results showed that the expression of DUSP8 was significantly reduced in BMDMs (P<0.05) and reached the peak at 12 hours.Next, DUSP8 overexpression vectors (DUSP-EGFP) and control vectors (EGFP) were transfected into BMDM.Data showed that DUSP-EGFP transfection could significantly enhance the expression of DUSP8 in BMDMs (P<0.05).Moreover, FCM data showed that the expressions of CD80 and CD86 markedly decreased in BMDMs with DUSP8 overexpression (P< 0.05).Meanwhile, the neutral red uptake assay data showed that the uptake in DUSP8 overexpression group was lower than that in the control group.Furthermore, ELISA results showed DUSP8 overexpression could significantly reduce the production of IL-1(3 and IL-6 (P < 0.05).Besides, Western blotting results showed that the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK and JNK decreased in BMDMs after DUSP8 overexpression (P< 0.05).All together, DUSP8 overexpression could significantly ameliorate LPS-induced macrophage inflammation, which was mainly related to the reduced expression of phosphorylated p38 MAPK and JNK.

Correlation Between Effective Components Content and Color Values of Indigo Naturalis Basde on Chromatometry / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To study the correlation between the color of Indigo Naturalis (powder and it's extracting solution) and effective components (indigo and indirubin) content. Method: The contents of indigo and indirubin in 27 batches of Indigo Naturalis were determined by HPLC,and the chromaticity values L*,a* and b* of powder and extracting solution were determined by color colorimeter. SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze the correlation and multiple linear regression between the content of active components and the chromaticity values of Indigo Naturalis. Result: By visual observing the appearance of the powder,we find that,as the powder color deepened,the brightness values (L*) of the powder and extract were decreased,while the red-green value (a*) were increased. The correlation analysis showed that the contents of indigo were negatively correlated with the brightness value (L*) of the powder(Pa*)(PL*) of powder and extract (Pa*) (PConclusion: The darker the powder color of Indigo Naturalis,the higher the content of indigo and indirubin. The L* and a* values of indigo powder were more correlated with indigo and indirubin content than with the extracting solution. The color of powder was significantly correlated with the content of indigo and indirubin,which provided reference for rapid identification of Indigo Naturalis. The method of measuring the color of Indigo Naturalis by color colorimeter is stable,scientific and reliable.

The effect and mechanism of curcumin derivative B06 on the myocardium from type 2 diabetic rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of curcumin derivatives B06 on myocardium from type 2 diabetic rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-five male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, normal control group (NC group), high fat group (HF group), high fat treatment group (FT group), diabetes mellitus group (DM group) and diabetes treatment group (DT group) (n = 7). The late four groups were fed with high fat food, after four weeks of high fat feeding, the rats from DM group and DT group were injected with low dosage of streptozocin intraperitoneally to induce diabetes mellitus, FT group and DT group were gavaged with curcumin derivatives B06 at the dosage of 0.2 mg/kg x d. The blood glucose and lipid were detected biochemically, blood insulin was assayed by ELISA and the insulin resistance index was calculated, the morphology of myocardium was observed by light and transmission electron microscopy, the protein expression of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKalpha) and phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (p-AMPKalpha) in myocardium were tested by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The level of blood glucose, lipid, insulin and the insulin resistance index were increased in HF group and DM group, but they were decreased after the treatment with B06. The expression of AMPKalpha and p-AMPKalpha were decreased, but they became increased after the treatment of B06. There were increased collagen fibers in interstitium and expansion of mitochondria in cytoplasm of myocardium from DM group, but they were ameliorated in B06 treatment group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is suggested that B06 may relieve the damage of myocardium from type 2 diabetic rats and the increased expression of AMPKalpha and p-AMPKalpha may be involved in it.</p>

Correlation between chirp auditory brainstem response and behavioral hearing threshold in children / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation between thresholds in the chirp-ABR and behavior audiogram in order to find out if it is possible to be used as an clinical application of the chirp-ABR in estimating hearing sensitivity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-two cases with hearing loss or normal hearing were enrolled in the study. The behavior audiogram and the response thresholds of chirp ABR (including chirp ABR, L-chirp ABR and U-chirp ABR) were obtained from 35 ears.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-two cases were of both genders. The age was between 3.3- 6.5-years-old with the average age of 4.8-years-old. Divided by the degree of hearing loss, in the 35 ears, there were 6 with normal hearing, 2 with slightly hearing loss, 4 with moderate hearing loss, 10 with severe hearing loss and 13 with profound hearing loss. The Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.939, 0.900 and 0.930, respectively, which got from the data between the average of 0.5 - 4 kHz and chirp ABR respond threshold, 0.5 kHz and L-chirp ABR, and the average of 1 - 4 kHz and U-chirp ABR.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As an objective test, the response threshold of chirp-ABR and the behavior audiogram were a highly correlated with each other, but more application in more subjects is needed.</p>

Evaluation and analysis of auditory function and its clinical characteristics in low birth weight premature infants / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate and analyze dynamic changes of auditory function in premature babies with fetal age of less than 37 weeks who were categorized into different birth weight groups and to detect abnormalities of auditory function in these babies and to describe the early development patterns of auditory function in infancy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Total of 252 subjects (504 ears) from neonatal ward, neonatal intensive care unit and auditory clinic in Guangzhou Children Hospital, whose fetal age were less than 37 weeks, were included in our study and received auditory function evaluation from January 2004 to February 2008. To investigate the correlation between birth weight and development and abnormality of auditory function in premature babies, all subjects were divided into four groups according to birth weight: </= 1.50 kg, 1.51 - 2.00 kg, 2.01 - 2.50 kg and > 2.5 kg. Each group was further categorized by subject's age on first auditory function evaluation in 0 - 3 months (include 3 months), 3 - 6 months (include 6 months) and above 6 months, respectively. Subjects who were evaluated more than once in different age frame would be grouped into multiple evaluation subgroups. All subjects underwent one or more objective auditory examinations including auditory brainstem response (ABR), distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE), tympanometry and acoustic stapedius reflex.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A tendency of decreased wave V threshold of ABR was seen as birth weight increased, while the percentage of subjects with ABR wave V threshold </= 40 dB nHL increased as well. A tendency of decreased wave V threshold of ABR was also seen as age increased after birth, likewise the percentage of subjects with ABR wave V threshold </= 40 dB nHL increased with age after birth. For multiple evaluation subgroups, improvement rate ranged from 56.67% to 82.76% depending on subjects' birth weight. In all low birth weight (LBW) premature babies, 4 subjects and 6 ears with no wave or just wave V at maximum stimulation 103 dB nHL in ABR were diagnosed with auditory neuropathy, giving an incidence of 3.75%(by ears).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Auditory function (including middle ear and auditory nerve system) of premature LBW improved gradually within examined age frame, as birth weight and age after birth increased. For LBW preterm who showed abnormality in auditory evaluation, a 6-month follow-up should be scheduled, babies weighted less than 1.50 kg at birth that showed abnormality in the first auditory evaluation should be re-evaluated within 2 months. Babies weighted more than 1.50 kg who showed abnormality in the first auditory evaluation should be re-evaluated within 3 months.</p>

The analysis of Keshan disease surveillance results in Yongjin Village, Fuyu County, Heilongjiang Province in 2007 / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence and incidence of Keshan disease (KD) and the selenium concentration of food and hair in residents of Yongjin Village, Fuyu County, Heilongjiang Province, national monitoring site, in 2007. Methods According to the Standard of Keshan Disease Surveillance and the Standard of Diagnosis of Keshan Disease(GB 17021-1997), the residents living in the monitoring site were surveyed by clinical examination and electrocardiography. For individuals whose hearts showed abnormalities, a chest X-ray photograph was taken. The selenium concentrations of the residents' food (flour) and hair were assayed by flowing injection hydride generation atomic fluoremetric method(FI-HG-AFM). Results Nineteen KD patients were found from 282 residents in 2007 KD surveillance. The prevalence of KD, latent KD and chronic KD were 6.7%(19/282), 2.8%(8/282) and 3.9%(11/282), respectively. Five of the 8 latent KD cases were newly found. In addition, there were 5 the suspected KD cases, including 2 suspected chronic KD cases. No acute KD or sub-acute KD patients were found in Yongjin Village at this monitoring site this year. The average selenium concentration of children hair and residents food were (0.3197±0.0586)mg/kg and (0.0210±0.0062)mg/kg, respectively. Conclusions New cases of KD continued to emerge, indicating that etiological factors still exist. Therefore, the emphasis of monitoring KD in furore is founding the consummate report of infectious disease system and training the personnel to increase the reliability of monitoring.

Audiological characteristics and localization of lesions in children with retrocochlear auditory nerve impairment / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinic characteristics, audiological characteristics and location of lesions in children with retrocochlear auditory nerve impairment which, including auditory neuropathy characterized by severely abnormal results of ABR and normal results of DPOAE.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between 2002 and 2006, eighty-six cases (165 ears) with severely abnormal ABR but normal results of DPOAE were enrolled in the study group. The mean patient age was one year and one-month-old, with a range of 8 days to 7 years. The cases with abnormal conductive function were excluded. The cases with severely abnormal ABR and normal cochlear functions as measured by DPOAE and without abnormal conductive function were selected as the cochlear lesion group. Some same age healthy children without hearing loss were subjected as normal control group. The latency and amplitude of waves I, III and V, the inter peak latency I-III was compared among the three group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Fifty-one cases (59.3%) had a history of hypercholesterolemia during neonatal period, but 40 cases (46.51%) had a severe hypercholesterolemia and 11 cases (12.79%) had mild or moderate hypercholesterolemia. Clinical features common among the population included a history of dyskinesia [n = 40 (46.51%)], hearing and language disorder [n = 10 (11. 63%)]. Thirty-two cases (37.2%) were accompanied by cerebral palsy . (2) Among the 165 ears, absent ABRs to click stimuli presented at 103 dB was in 103 ears, only wave I was developed in 27 ears and only wave V was developed in 19 ears,wave I and III in 13 ears and differentiated wave I and V in 3 ears. (3) When compared to control group, the latency of wave I was prolonged and amplitude of wave I was lower in cases with only wave I developed (t = -6.75 and 2.58, P < 0.05). For for cases with only wave I and III differentiated, the latency and amplitude of wave I was the same but the latency of wave III was prolonged and amplitude of wave III was lower while interpeak latency I-III was prolonged.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Auditory neuropathy which was characterized by severely abnormal ABR was the most common type of retrocochlear auditory nerve impairment. It was mainly due to a disorder of VIII nerve. The pathologies that affect higher levels of the auditory pathway, from the brainstem to the auditory cortex, might be the main sites of lesion in cases with only wave I developed. Superior olivary nucleus where wave III was generated and higher levels of the auditory pathway might be the main sites of lesion in cases with wave I and III differentiated. The low-amplitude wave V was not characteristics of auditory neuropathy. Cerebral cortex, brain stem auditory nucleus and VIII nerve might be damaged successively in cases with retrocochlear auditory nerve impairment induced by hypercholesterolemia.</p>

Experimental study of the protective effect of astragalus injection(黄芪注射液) on brain after craniocerebral injury / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To explore the protective effect of astragalus injection(黄芪注射液)on cerebral cells after craniocerebral injury.Methods Sixty male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into five groups(each n=12).In the control group,only anesthesia and cranial bone surgery was performed, which did not impact on dura mater.In the model group,a freefall method was used to cause the left parietal lobe of brain limited contusion and saline was given.In the low,medium and high-dose astragalus injection (5,10,20 ml/kg)treatment groups,astragalus injection was injected intraperitoneally after injury at 30 minutes and 12 hours after injury respectively.After 24 hours of injury in each group,the rats were executed.The brain tissue from contusion was taken out and content changes of Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),glutamate (Glu)and plasma endothelin(ET)were measured.Results In the model group,the Ca~(2+),Glu and ET contents in the rat brain tissues were significantly higher,but Mg~(2+)content was markedly lower than that of the control group(all P0.05).Conclusion Astragalus has a protective effect on nerve cells after craniocerebral injury.

The value of using an AMACR/34betaE12/p63 cocktail double staining for diagnosis of prostate carcinoma and precarcinomatous lesions / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the value of using an AMACR/34betaE12/p63 cocktail and double-staining for the diagnosis of small focal protatic carcinoma and precarcinomatous lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 130 consecutive cases were examined over a 3-month period, including 105 prostate needle biopsy samples, 6 radical prostatectomy specimens and 19 benign prostatic hyperplasia specimens which were excised transurethra or above pubis. 262 paraffin blocks of all the 1030 ones were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and by immunostains for AMACR, 34betaE12, p63, and an antibody cocktail comprising all the three with double-chromogen reaction. The diagnoses were then made according to the immunostaining, HE staining and clinical information.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the sections stained by the 3-antibody cocktail, blue-black cytoplasmic staining was observed in the epithelial cells of prostatic carcinoma and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) the basal cells of benign glands were stained red. There were no red basal cells around the blue-black glandular epithelium of carcinoma, but discontinuous or consecutive red basal cells were present around the blue-black glandular epithelium of HGPIN. Prostatic carcinoma was found in 214 paraffin blocks (82%), including 31 small focal carcinoma. HGPIN were observed in 64 paraffin blocks (24%), including focal HGPIN and small gland alveolus HGPIN. AAH was found in one block. No benign glands were simultaneously positive for AMACR and negative for basal cell markers.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Inmmunohistochemistry studies using a 3-antibody cocktail and double staining can improve the detection rate of small focal prostatic carcinoma and HGPIN.</p>