Alterations of respiratory resistance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the association between the components of airway resistance and severity of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 234 patients with snoring during sleep underwent full-night polysomnography in our center between January, 2015 and September, 2017. According to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) scores, the patients were divided into non-OSAHS group (AHI scores <5), mild or moderate OSAHS group (5-30) group, and severe OSAHS group (>30). The pulmonary function and respiratory resistance of the patients were assessed using spirometry and impulse oscillometry, respectively, and the correlation between the parameters of respiratory resistance and the severity of AHI were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The non-OSAHS, mild or moderate OSAHS, and severe OSAHS groups consisted of 31, 90 and 113 patients, respectively. The patients with severe OSAHS had significantly higher levels of respiratory resistance at 5 Hz (R5) and 20 Hz (R20), FEF and MMEF than those in the other two groups (P<0.05). Bivariate correlation analysis identified positive correlations of R5 (r=0.259, P=0.000), R20 (r=0.298, P=0.000) and FEF (r=0.176, P=0.007) with AHI scores of the patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Patients with OSAHS have increased respiratory resistance in the large airways and compensatory reduction in small airway resistance.</p>

Relationship between serum 25-hydroxyl-vitamin D3 levels and galectin-3 levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in children with asthma / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes of the levels of galectin-3 (Gal-3) in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of children with asthma whose have different serum levels of 25-hydroxyl-vitamin D₃[25(OH)D₃].</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty children with asthma between January 2013 and December 2014 were enrolled as the asthma group, and they were classified into 25(OH)D₃sufficient (n=7), insufficient (n=12) and deficient subgroups (n=31) according to the serum levels of 25(OH)D₃. Twenty children with abnormal airway or tracheal foreign bodies served as the control group. The levels of 25(OH)D₃, Gal-3 and total IgE in serum and Gal-3 levels in BALF were measured using ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The serum levels of 25(OH)D₃in the asthma group were lower than in the control group (P<0.05). The 25(OH)D₃deficient subgroup displayed the highest percentages of neutrophils, eosinophils and epithelial cells in BALF, followed by the 25(OH)D₃insufficient subgroup and the 25(OH)D₃sufficient subgroup (P<0.05). The percentages of neutrophils, eosinophils and epithelial cells in BALF in the three subgroups were all higher than in the control group (P<0.05). In children with asthma, serum levels of 25(OH)D₃were negatively correlated with the percentages of neutrophils, eosinophils and epithelial cells in BALF (r=-0.683, -0.795 and -0.670 respectively; P<0.05); and a negative correlation was also seen between serum 25(OH)D₃levels and serum Gal-3 and total IgE levels (r=-0.759 and -0.875 respectively; P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The children with asthma have low serum levels of 25(OH)D₃. 25(OH)D₃and Gal-3 may be involved in the airway inflammation and the development of asthma.</p>

Etiology, clinical features, and diagnosis and treatment of recurrent hemoptysis in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the causes, clinical features, therapy and treatment outcomes of recurrent hemoptysis in children and to improve the skills of pediatricians in the etiological diagnosis and treatment of recurrent hemoptysis in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical, laboratory, and imaging data of 39 children with recurrent hemoptysis between January 1996 and February 2013 were collected to retrospectively analyze the age of onset, etiology, amount of hemoptysis, imaging changes, treatment methods, and follow-up outcomes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 39 children, including idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (16 cases, 41%), pulmonary vascular malformation (8 cases, 21%), pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (7 cases, 18%), bronchiectasis (3 cases, 8%), pulmonary tuberculosis (2 cases, 5%), pulmonary cystic fibrosis (2 cases, 5%), and lung tumor (1 case, 3%). The contrast-enhanced lung CT scans and pulmonary and bronchial arteriography revealed varying degrees of lung imaging changes in 35 cases. Of all cases, 51% were classified as degree I, 28% as degree II, and 21% as degree III. All children were treated according to the etiology, with the disease controlled. During 0.5-5 years of follow-up, 3 patients with idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis were lost to follow-up, and the other cases did not develop hemoptysis again.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is the main cause of recurrent hemoptysis in children. Contrast-enhanced lung CT scans and pulmonary and bronchial arteriography are important methods for the etiological diagnosis of recurrent hemoptysis in children. Treatment methods should be selected according to the etiology.</p>

Small hairpin RNA silencing Tim-3 affects peripheral blood Th1 and Th17 cells differentiation in asthmatic mice / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of down-regulating Tim-3 gene in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of an asthmatic mouse model by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and to explore the effect of Tim-3 on Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An asthmatic murine model was established by ovalbumin sensitization and challenge. PBMCs were isolated from asthmatic mice and transfected by shRNA targeting Tim-3 gene. The mRNA and protein expressions of Tim-3 were detected by quantitative PCR and Western blot. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to determine the levels of Th1 and Th17, and ELISA was performed to determine concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 in the supernatant.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Tim-3 mRNA expression in PBMCs was significantly increased in asthmatic mice. The mRNA and protein expression of Tim-3 decreased significantly in the shRNA group. Compared with the negative groups, Th1 cell levels increased and Th17 cell levels decreased significantly in the asthmatic groups after Tim-3 shRNA interference. In the Tim-3 shRNA interference groups concentrations of IFN-γ increased significantly while IL-17 decreased significantly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Specific Tim-3 shRNA effectively silences the expression of Tim-3 and change in Tim-3 expression could affect T cell differentiation.</p>

Dexamethasone reduces IL-17 and Tim-3 expression in BALF of asthmatic mice / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study investigated the expression of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and T cell immunoglobulin mucin and domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of asthmatic mice and the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on these factors. Thirty-six mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal group, asthmatic group and DEX group. The mouse model of asthma was established by sensitization with ovalbumin in both the asthmatic and DEX groups. The levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and TGF-β were measured in BALF by enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression level of Tim-3 was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The ratio of Tim-3+CD4+ cells to total CD4+ cells in BALF was determined by flow cytometry. Differential inflammatory cells in BALF were detected. The correlations among IL-17, IL-6, IL-10, Tim-3 and inflammatory cells were analyzed. The results showed that the levels of IL-17, IL-6 and Tim-3 were substantially increased and the IL-10 level decreased in BALF in the asthmatic mice, which was significantly reversed by DEX treatment. IL-17 expression was positively correlated with IL-6 and Tim-3 expression and the number of inflammatory cells but negatively with IL-10 expression. These results indicate that the increased expression of IL-17 and Tim-3 in BALF may be implicated in the occurrence and development of asthmatic inflammation; the mechanism by which DEX suppresses asthmatic airway inflammation involves down-regulation of IL-17 and Tim-3 levels.

Dexamethasone reduces IL-17 and Tim-3 expression in BALF of asthmatic mice / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study investigated the expression of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and T cell immunoglobulin mucin and domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of asthmatic mice and the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on these factors. Thirty-six mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal group, asthmatic group and DEX group. The mouse model of asthma was established by sensitization with ovalbumin in both the asthmatic and DEX groups. The levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and TGF-β were measured in BALF by enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression level of Tim-3 was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The ratio of Tim-3+CD4+ cells to total CD4+ cells in BALF was determined by flow cytometry. Differential inflammatory cells in BALF were detected. The correlations among IL-17, IL-6, IL-10, Tim-3 and inflammatory cells were analyzed. The results showed that the levels of IL-17, IL-6 and Tim-3 were substantially increased and the IL-10 level decreased in BALF in the asthmatic mice, which was significantly reversed by DEX treatment. IL-17 expression was positively correlated with IL-6 and Tim-3 expression and the number of inflammatory cells but negatively with IL-10 expression. These results indicate that the increased expression of IL-17 and Tim-3 in BALF may be implicated in the occurrence and development of asthmatic inflammation; the mechanism by which DEX suppresses asthmatic airway inflammation involves down-regulation of IL-17 and Tim-3 levels.

Sodium nitrite improves epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatoma cells in mice bearing H22 / 药学学报

This study is to report the determination of the effect of sodium nitrite induced oxygen species (ROS) on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatoma cells in mice bearing H22 and investigation of its role in hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) in this process. Mice hepatocarcinoma cell line H22 was inoculated subcutaneously into right axillary of sixty male Kunming mice and then randomly divided into four groups: control group; low-dose sodium nitrite group (10 mg x kg(-1)), medium-dose sodium nitrite group (20 mg x kg(-1)) and high-dose sodium nitrite group (30 mg x kg(-1)). Sodium nitrite group was given (ig) sodium nitrite with 10-30 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) for 21 days. Compared with control group, there was no obvious difference between the two groups in the volume or weight of xenografts, but in sodium nitrite treatment group, the activity of SOD and CAT decreased and contents of MDA or nitrite increased in tumor tissue of mice bearing H22; epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of hepatoma cells was induced, the EMT-phenotype tumors displayed a greater degree of local aggressiveness, with dissection through adjacent fascia and skeletal muscle. The increased expression of HIF-la and vimentin and declination of E-cadherin were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. These data indicate sodium nitrite treatment could improve the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of xenografts in mice bearing H22, which might relate to the fact that ROS mediated signal pathway increased the expression of HIF-1alpha.

Protective effects of sodium nitrite preconditioning against alcohol-induced acute liver injury in mice / 生理学报

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of sodium nitrite (SN) on alcohol-induced acute liver injury in mice. Forty male C57bL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups. Acute alcohol-induced liver injury group were injected intraperitoneal (ip) with alcohol (4.5 g/kg); SN preconditioning group were pretreated with SN (16 mg/kg, ip) for 12 h, and received alcohol (4.5 g/kg, ip) injection; Control and SN groups were treated with saline and SN, respectively. After the treatments, liver index (liver/body weight ratio) was determined. Colorimetric technique was performed to measure the serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) activities, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The pathological index of liver tissue was assayed by HE and TUNEL fluorometric staining. Using Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining, the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein was detected. The results showed that, compared with acute alcohol-induced liver injury group, pretreatment with low doses of SN decreased liver index and serum levels of ALT and AST, weakened acute alcohol-induced hepatocyte necrosis, improved pathological changes in liver tissue, increased live tissue SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities, reduced MDA content and apoptosis index of hepatocytes, and up-regulated HIF-1α protein level in liver tissue. These results suggest that the pretreatment of SN can protect hepatocytes against alcohol-induced acute injury, and the protective mechanism involves inhibition of oxidative stress and up-regulation of HIF-1α protein level.

Studying the therapeutic effects of hemoperfusion with continuous venovenous hemofiltration on the patients with acute paraquat poisoning / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the therapeutic effects of hemoperfusion (HP) with continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) on the patients with acute paraquat poisoning.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-one patients with acute paraquat poisoning were randomly divided into HP group (49 cases) and HP-CVVH group (42 cases). The mortality, survival duration and the death causes between the two groups were compared and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significant differences in mortality (59.2% versus 61.9%) between the two groups. The mean time between poisoning and death in HP-CVVH group was (4.9 +/- 3.1) days, which was significantly longer than that (3.5 +/- 2.0) days in HP group (P < 0.05). The death proportion on 4th day after poisoning in HP group was 62.1% (18/29), which was significantly higher than that (30.8%, 8/26) in HP-CVVH group (P < 0.05). The hypoxia appeared in 4.3 +/- 2.5 days after poisoning in HP-CVVH group, which was significantly longer than that (3.2 +/- 1.9) days in HP group (P < 0.05). The mortality due to respiratory failure in HP group was 20.4% (10/49), which was significantly lower than that (40.5%, 17/42) in HP-CVVH group (P < 0.05). The incidence of acute renal failure in HP group was 63.3% (31/49), which was significantly higher than that (40.5%, 17/42) in HP-CVVH group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combined therapy of HP and CVVH can prevent the patients with acute paraquat poisoning from early death and prolong the survival duration, but can not reduce mortality for the patients with acute paraquat poisoning.</p>

Relationship between Asthma in Children and Family History of Asthma / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between children history of asthma and family history of asthma.Methods Three thousand and five hundred outpatients of asthma children were selected as investigation subjects.Family history of asthma was investigated in the form of questionnaire,and analyzed them from whether or not having family history of asthma,the first and second degree relative having family history of asthma.Results There was no family history of asthma in 1 659 cases(47.4%) and while 1 841 cases had family history of asthma(52.6%).The children who had family history of asthma were slightly more than those who had no family history of asthma.Among the 1 841 cases with family history of asthma,the first degree relatives with family history of asthma were more than those second degree relatives with fa-mily history of asthma.The incidence rate of relatives with family history of asthma on mother′s side was 59.9%,and the incidence rate of the father′s relatives was 40.1%.The incidence rate of mother′s relatives was higher than that of father′s relatives(P

Treatment of chronic refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children with multiglycosidorum Tripterygii and prednisone / 中国实验血液学杂志

In order to determine the curative effect of multiglycosidorum Tripterygii and prednisone for treatment of children with chronic refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), a total of 28 patients had been treated with multiglycosidorum Tripterygii and prednisone. Multiglycosidorum Tripterygii was given at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight per day and the prednisone was given at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight per day for two consecutive months. Bone marrow examination and blood platelet associated immunoglobin G (PAIgG) measurement were performed during the treatment. The results showed that in 21 patients acquired effectiveness, of whom, according the common criteria, 9 patients achieved curative effective, 7 achieved significant effectiveness and 5 effective. 7 patients did not achieve effectiveness. There were no serious side effects associated with therapy. The number of proplatelets on bone marrow smears was increased and the titers of IgG to platelet were restored to normal range in patients achieving remission. In conclusion, combination of multiglycosidorum triptergii with prednisone is effective and safe for treatment of chronic refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children.