Contextual Fear Learning and Extinction in the Primary Visual Cortex of Mice / 神经科学通报·英文版

Fear memory contextualization is critical for selecting adaptive behavior to survive. Contextual fear conditioning (CFC) is a classical model for elucidating related underlying neuronal circuits. The primary visual cortex (V1) is the primary cortical region for contextual visual inputs, but its role in CFC is poorly understood. Here, our experiments demonstrated that bilateral inactivation of V1 in mice impaired CFC retrieval, and both CFC learning and extinction increased the turnover rate of axonal boutons in V1. The frequency of neuronal Ca2+ activity decreased after CFC learning, while CFC extinction reversed the decrease and raised it to the naïve level. Contrary to control mice, the frequency of neuronal Ca2+ activity increased after CFC learning in microglia-depleted mice and was maintained after CFC extinction, indicating that microglial depletion alters CFC learning and the frequency response pattern of extinction-induced Ca2+ activity. These findings reveal a critical role of microglia in neocortical information processing in V1, and suggest potential approaches for cellular-based manipulation of acquired fear memory.

Methods on application of Chinese medicine to protect ancient books / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective Pest control is one of the measures in protecting ancient books.To conclude pest control methods of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Library,a suitable method for promotion can be found.Methods By integrating the practical experience of protecting ancient books in Heilongjiang University,this article discussed concrete applications of Lysimachia foenum-gracum Hance to protect ancient books from infestation.Results The pest control mechanism of Lysimachia foenum-gracum was analyzed.The best pest control effects can be achieved when we identify the origin,choose the right picking season,identify authenticity of the medicine,and correctly use it.Conclusion Using Chinese traditional medicine to keep away insect is an environmental friendly way,which is worthy of generalizing.

Study on a test of screening to predict stroke-using cerebral vascular hemodynamic indexes / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate efficacy and optimal cut-off-point through cerebral vascular hemodynamic indexes (CVHI) examination to predict stroke.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A number of 20,333 people at 35 years old and over were checked by CVHI and accumulative score was calculated according to the value of detected indexes. Risk factors of stroke were investigated simultaneously. One hundred and sixty-eight patients with stroke occurred during 4-year following up. Typical syndromes and signs stroke were used as golden standard to evaluate screening efficacy of CVHI.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Score of optimal cut-off-point of cerebral vascular hemodynamic indexes was under 75 in ROC curve analyses. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values, positive and negative likelihood ratios as well as Youden's index for predicting stroke within 4 years after examination were found to be 87.50%, 67.70%, 67.86%, 2.21%, 99.85%, 2.71, 0.18 and 0.55 respectively. Sensitivity and positive predict values for predicting cerebral vascular thrombosis were superior to predicting cerebral hemorrhage. Positive predicting value in risk exposure population was higher than that of overall population. Coefficiency of variation of cerebral vascular hemodynamic examination was 4.03%. The agreement rate of examination between two physicians was 97.62% and Kappa value was 0.94.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The score of optimal cut-off-point of cerebral vascular hemodynamic indexes examination was 75. Both Efficacy and reliability for predicting stroke seemed to be good, especially for predicting cerebral vascular thrombosis.</p>

Orthogonal Experimental Study on Dryness of Weishu Powder by Microwave Technique / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To select the optimal microwave technique for drying Weishu powder. METHODS: An orthogonal experiment was carried out to investigate the content of water in Weishu powder by taking drying time, microwave power, and granularity of the powder as indices. RESULTS:Weishu powder crushed and filtered through the sieve with 24 meshes then dried discontinuously for 6min(1.5min?4)with low-power microwave(800W?58%)achieved the best results. CONCLUSION: The optimal technique is effective and time saving .

Effects of sevoflurane inhalation in different concentrations on thyroid operation under real-time monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve / 解放军医学杂志

140?V)when the end tidal concentration of sevoflurane increased during the operation.The BIS were between 43-61 when the end tidal concentration of sevuflnrane was lower than 1.0 MAC.The BP and HR in the group decreased(P

The effects of different doses of propofol infusion on real-time monitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of different doses of propofol infusion on real-time monitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve. Method 30 ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients who underwent thyroid gland surgery were given propofol intravenously in different concentrations. BP, HR and real-time monitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve were recorded with the propofol dosage varying from 3 to 6, 9, 12, 15, 18?g/(kg?min). Results The amplitude of recurrent laryngeal nerve reflex had no change with different doses of propofol infusion. The HR and BP were elevated with low doses of propofol infusion, but there were no changes when propofol concentration was 15 or 18?g/(kg?min). Conclusion Propofol infusion i.v. does not interfere with real-time intraoperative monitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve, and it does not inhibit the action potential of recurrent laryngeal nerve, but can effectively decrease the cardiovescular reaction.