Excerpt of an international multidisciplinary consensus statement on MAFLD and the risk of CVD （2023） / 临床肝胆病杂志

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease （MAFLD） is a common chronic liver disease around the world， affecting more than a quarter of the adult population worldwide. MAFLD is characterized by the co-occurrence of hepatic steatosis and metabolic disturbance. As a metabolic disorder， MAFLD shares a similar pathogenesis with cardiovascular disease （CVD）， and both diseases are closely associated with the well-established cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity， type 2 diabetes， and atherogenic dyslipidemia. An increasing amount of evidence has shown that MAFLD is closely associated with CVD； however， as a new risk factor for CVD， MAFLD differs from traditional risk factors for CVD， which requires further investigation. In this context， this consensus statement used the Delphi method to achieve a consensus on the association between MAFLD and the risk of CVD through two rounds of surveys and discussed the association between MAFLD and CVD in terms of epidemiological and clinical characteristics， as well as a range of topics including pathophysiological mechanisms， surveillance， and management.

Changes in the vessel densities of macular and optic nerve head and their relationships with axial length in pathological myopia / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To observe the changes of vessel densities (VD) in the macula and optic disc and its correlation with axial length (AL) in pathological myopia (PM).Methods:A retrospective clinical study. A total of 171 eyes from 171 patients admitted to Department of Ophthalmology of Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University from June 2019 to December 2019 were included in this study. Among them, there were 72 males and 99 females; age was 35.0±10.8 years old. The patients were divided into PM group, high myopia (HM) group and non-HM group, 51 cases with 51 eyes, 70 cases with 70 eyes, and 50 cases with 50 eyes, respectively. Optical coherence tomography angiography was used to scan the macular and optic disc areas of all the examined eyes in the range of 6 mm×6 mm. According to the early treatment of diabetic retinopathy study, the 6 mm macular and optic disc scan range was centered on the macular fovea and optic disc, respectively, then divided into two concentric circles with diameters of 1 mm of central area, an annulus between 1-3 mm circles of paracentral area. The paracentral area was divided into superior, inferior, nasal, temporal four quadrants by 2 radiation lines. The VD of superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), outer retina, and choriocapillaris layer were calculated in the central, superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal areas, respectively. The VD of PM, HM and non-HM groups were compared. The variance analysis was used to compare the VD among the three groups; Pearson’s correlation was used to assess the correlation between VD and AL.Results:The perifoveal VD of the SCP, outer retina and choriocapillaris layers were all lower in the PM than those of HM and non-HM group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The VD of DCP macular central was higher in the PM than in the HM group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.020). In the optic disc, the VD were lower in the PM group than in the non-HM group except for the area of DCP superior, inferior, temporal, outer retinal center, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The results of correlation analysis showed that the VD in the DCP macular central, ONH superior and the choriocapillaris ONH central were not correlated with AL ( P=0.647, 0.688, 0.146), and the other VDs were negatively correlated with AL ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with HM and non-HM groups, the majority of VDs in macular and ONH are lower in participants with PM.

Comparative study on the growth of pulmonary artery and left ventricle between two kinds of surgical repair for tetralogy of Fallot / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To compare the growth speed of pulmonary artery and left ventricle after the repair of tetralogy of Fallot(TOF) with valve-sparing and transannular patch.Methods:The clinical data of children with tetralogy of Fallot admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to October 2020 were reviewed. According to the way of relieving right ventricular outflow tract stenosis, they were divided into two groups: valve-sparing and transannular patch. Independent sample t test or non- parametric test was used to compare the pulmonary artery and left ventricular growth indexes before operation and at the last follow-up between the two groups. The paired t test was used to compare preoperative and postoperative indexes. Results:A total of 104 children with tetralogy of Fallot, including 58 males and 46 females, had surgery at a median age and weight of 6.7(4.1, 10.3) months and 7.0(5.8, 8.4) kg, respectively. The preoperative Nakata index, McGoon ratio, pulmonary artery Z-score, left ventricular end diastolic volume(LVEDV) index and Z-score in valve-sparing were higher than those in transannular patch( P=0.001, 0.000, 0.003, 0.000, 0.000). At the last follow-up, the Z-scores of pulmonary arteries in both groups were greater than those before operation( P=0.016, 0.000), the LVEDV Z-score in transannular patch was greater than that before surgery( P=0.000), while the LVEDV Z-score of valve-sparing was not significantly different from that before operation( P=0.581), there was no significant difference in pulmonary artery Z-score and LVEDV Z-score between two groups( P=0.468, 0.884). The difference between the last follow-up and preoperative of pulmonary artery Z-score and LVEDV Z-score in valve-sparing was smaller than that in transannular patch( P=0.000, 0.000). Conclusion:Compared with valve-sparing, the pulmonary artery and left ventricle grow faster in transannular patch during the early stage after TOF repair.

Value of conventional ultrasound combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound in differential diagnosis of thyroid TI-RADS 3-5 nodules / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of gray-scale ultrasound combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in thyroid imaging and reporting system ( TI-RADS) 3-5 nodules of American College of Radiology ( ACR) . Methods The 208 patients( 216 nodules) who underwent thyroid contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination from April 2014 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed . The ACR TI-RADS classification and contrast-enhanced mode of thyroid ultrasound were evaluated . The benign and malignant thyroid lesions were constructed through the analysis of contrast-enhanced mode of thyroid benign and malignant lesions in the past literature and the preliminary study of our group . Prediction model of gray scale combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound for lesions were established . Besides ,the sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy of gray scale ultrasound combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound prediction model for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid lesions were calculated based on the results of puncture biopsy or surgical pathology as the gold standard . Results Compared with pathological results , the positive predictive value , negative predictive value , accuracy , sensitivity and specificity of gray scale combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound in evaluating thyroid nodules were 90 .8％ ,93 .3％ ,91 .2％ ,98 .8％ and 62 .2％ ,respectively . Conclusions Gray-scale ultrasound combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound can provide clinical value in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant TI-RADS 3-5 thyroid nodules .

Research updates on the mechanism and preogress of portal vein thrombosis prevention after splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization / 中华肝胆外科杂志

At present,splenectomy and extensive esophagogastric devascularization is one of the effective treatments for relieving hypersplenism in patients with cirrhosis,relieving portal hypertension,and reducing upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by rupture of esophagogastric varices.However,portal vein thrombosis is one of the most common serious complications of splenectomy and devascularization in patients with cirrhosis.Because of its high incidence and mortality of PVT,it has become the focus of disputes in the surgical field.In recent years,with the improvement of medical technology,many domestic and foreign scholars have conducted high-quality researches on the prevention of PVT in the perioperative period of splenectomy and devascularization.This paper summarized the research progress during recent years in combination with relevant literature.

Efficacy and safety of transthoracic echocardiography-guided percutaneous intramyocardial septal radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the safety and efficacy of transthoracic echocardiography-guided percutaneous intramyocardial septal radiofrequency ablation (PIMSRA) in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM).@*Methods@#Nine HOCM patients with interventricular septal thickness ≥15 mm and ≤25 mm who were treated with PIMSRA between October 2016 to March 2017 in the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Xijing Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University were enrolled,and the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Interventricular septum thickness, left ventricular outflow tract diameter and maximum gradient were measured by transthoracic echocardiography immediately after procedure, at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after operation.Symptoms and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class were assessed, and provoked left ventricular outflow tract gradient and exercise time were measured after 6 months.@*Results@#The anterior interventricular septum ((21.5±2.6) mm vs. (24.7±2.7) mm, P<0.05) and posterior interventricular septum (21.1±2.5) mm vs. (22.6±3.3) mm, P<0.05) were significantly increased,left ventricular outflow tract diameter was widened ((8.2±3.4) mm vs. (4.8±2.2) mm, P<0.05), left ventricular outflow tract gradient ((26.8±19.6) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs. (83.3±32.4) mmHg, P<0.05) and mitral regurgitation (2.0±1.9) ml vs. (3.2±3.0) ml, P<0.05) were significantly decreased immediately after ablation compared with pre-operation values. Anterior interventricular septum, posterior interventricular septum and left ventricular outflow tract gradient further decreased after 1 month ((17.5±2.0) mm vs. (24.7±2.7) mm, P<0.05; (16.9±2.1) mm vs. (22.6±3.3) mm, P<0.05; (11.6±4.0) mmHg vs. (26.8±19.6) mmHg, P<0.05, respectively) compared with values immediately after ablation. Anterior interventricular septum and posterior interventricular septum decreased after 3 and 6 months ((14.8±1.7) mm and (13.4±2.0) mm vs. (17.5±2.0) mm, all P<0.05; (12.9±1.9) mm and (12.3±2.4) mm vs. (16.9±2.1) mm, all P<0.05, respectively) compared with values at 1 month after ablation.There were no significantly difference in left ventricular outflow tract gradient at 3 and 6 months post procedure compared with 1 month after ablation (all P>0.05). Compared with pre-operation, provoked left ventricular outflow tract gradient decreased ((25.5±11.4) mmHg vs. (147.8±58.0) mmHg, P<0.01), and total exercise time increased ((9.3±1.6) minutes vs. (6.7±1.6) minutes, P=0.03) at 6 months after operation.The symptoms were disappeared in 5 patients. There were 2 cases with NYHA class Ⅱ and 7 cases with NYHA class Ⅲ before operation,while there were 6 patients with NYHA classⅠ and 3 patients with NYHA class Ⅱ at 6 months after operation (P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Transthoracic echocardiography-guided PIMSRA is a safe and effective new treatment approach for patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Surgical treatment of atrioventricular septal defect / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Atrioventricular septal defect is a congenital heart disease caused by abnormal development of endo-cardial cushion.The main characteristic feature of the disease include the common atrioventricular junction,the five－leaflet valve and the abnormality of the conduction system.Surgical treatment mainly includes single patch technique, two－patch technique and modified single patch technique.With the continuous understanding of this disease,the surgi-cal treatment of atrioventricular septal defect has made a great progress.

The value of protection device in microwave ablation at canine liver risk area / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective@#To explore the application value of protective device in microwave ablation at canine liver risk area, and the role of the device in reducing complications during ablation.@*Methods@#Six healthy mongrel dogs were randomly divided into two groups: group A, used protective devices; group B, unprotected. Conventional gray-scale ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) were performed before treatment to identify the ablation area (the right lobe of the liver near diaphragm, 1 cm from the surface of the liver). The two groups were treated percutaneous puncture liver microwave ablation under real time ultrasound-guided with the same ablation power (50 W) and equivalent ablation time (600 s). Liver specimens were evaluated histological examination to evaluate the necrotic area of ablation and the degree of diaphragm′s injury.@*Results@#①There was no significance difference in the ablation range between two groups[ (3.3±0.1)cm vs (3.5±0.1)cm, P=0.184]; ②The tolerance of group A was better than group B during ablation treatment; ③The mean maximum ablation diameter in group A was significantly lower than that in group B [(2.1±0.1)cm vs (5.3±0.2)cm, P=0.001]. Meanwhile the pathological results showed that the damage degree in group A was significantly lower than that in group B.@*Conclusions@#This protective device has an obvious protective effect for microwave ablation of the risk area in liver (adjacent diaphragm, hepatic envelope). Our experiment suggests that this protective can reduce the damage of adjacent organ and the complications during the ablation surgery.

Comparison of dopamine levels in the lateral geniculate nucleus in guinea pigs with flickering light?induced and form deprivation myopia / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To observe the dopamine(DA)concentrations in the lateral geniculate nucleus in guinea pigs with flickering light-induced and form deprivation myopia,and to compare and analyze the pathogenetic mechanisms in the centers of vision of these two different myopia models. Methods Twenty-four two-week-old guinea pigs were randomly assigned to three groups(n=8):flickering light-induced myopia(FLM)group, form deprivation myopia(FDM)group and control group. All the groups were fed for 8 weeks. The refraction and axial length(AL)were measured before and af-ter modeling. After eight-week modeling,the contents of dopamine in the left lateral geniculate nucleus were detected by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection(HPLC-ECD). Results Before modeling,no sig-nificant difference was found in refraction and AL among the three groups. After eight-week modeling,in contrast with the control group,significant differences were found in changes of both refraction(P<0.001)and AL(P<0.05)in the right eyes of FLM and FDM groups,indicating that the two myopic models were successfully established. The result of HPLC-ECD showed that the contents of DA in the left lateral geniculate nucleus in FLM group were significantly higher than the control group(P=0.01),while in the FDM group it was lower than the control group(P=0.021). The average contents of DA were as follows:(37.04 ± 1.18)pg/μL in the control group;(24.27 ± 3.46)pg/μL in the FDM group; and (45.58 ± 1.98)pg/μL in the FLM group. Conclusions The content of DA in the lateral geniculate nucleus is increased in FLM,while decreased in FDM,indicating that the expression of DA in LGN and the mechanisms of formation of these two experimental myopia are different.

Clinical effect research of rotator cuff humeral ending shift under arthroscopy for massive rotator cuff tear / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical effect of rotator cuff humeral ending shift under arthroscopy for massive rotator cuff tear. Methods The clinical data of 20 patients with massive rotator cuff tear from May 2016 to May 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients were treated with rotator cuff humeral ending shift under arthroscopy. Results All the patients were followed up for more than 6 months. Before operation, 18 patients had obvious pain and the visual analogue scale (VAS) score was poor; 6 months after operation, VAS score was excellent in 12 cases, good in 4 cases and fair in 2 cases. Before operation, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score of all patients was poor;6 months after operation, UCLA score was excellent in 4 cases, good in 13 cases and fair in 3 cases. Conclusions Rotator cuff humeral ending shift under arthroscopy in treatment of massive rotator cuff tear can obtain good short-term effect, pain relief and functional recovery.

Strategy of repairing coarctation of aorta with hypoplastic aortic arch using cardiopulmonary bypass in neonates / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To analysis the the strategy of repairing coarctation of aorta with hypoplastic aortic arch in neo-nate.Methods Collected consecutive 24 neonates suffered coarctation of aorta with hypoplastic aortic arch form January 2015 to March 2017,12 patients were underwent aortic arch reconstruction with extremely extended end-to-end anastomosis under cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) through the media sternotomy approach(CPB group), while another 12 cases were under coarc-tation repair using end-to-end anastomosis or end-to-side anastomosis through left posterolateral thoracotomy approach ( control group).The postoperative blood pressure,echocardiography and cardiac CT scan were used to evaluate the result of the aortic arch rconstruction.The pressuregradientof the upper limb and lower limb,flow velocity of the anastomoses, aortic arch morphol-ogy,rate of the residual abstruction were compared between the two groups.Results Mechanical ventilation time[ CPB group (17 ±27)h vs.control group(44 ±52)h, P＜0.05], ength of stay in ICU[CPB group(3.75 ±1.36)days vs.control group (6.54 ±5.08)days, P＜0.05], all patients were followed up for 1－12 months,the aortic residual pressure[CPB group(14 ± 10)mmHg (1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa) vs.control group(26 ±17)mmHg,P ＜0.05) ], flow velocity of the anastomoses[CPB group(2.32 ±0.78)m/s, control group(1.55 ±0.99)m/s, P ＜0.05 ], pressuregradientof the upper limb and lower limb [CPB group (6.67 ±3.49)mmHg, control group(7.41 ±4.29)mmHg, P＞0.05].There was no died in two gruops.Con-clusion Anastomosis with end to end techinique under cardiopulmonary bypass may achieve better effect in neonates with co-arctation of aorta with hypoplastic aortic arch,it has better duplcity, operability and early curative effect,but the long-term effect need the multicenter and large sample-volume study to explore.

The outcomes and bioactivities of microbubble-enhanced ultrasound combined with prothrombin on microwave ablation in rabbit VX2 liver tumors / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To investigate the sequential biological effects and outcomes of microbubble-enhanced ultrasound (MEUS) combined with prothrombin on microwave ablation (MWA) in rabbit VX2 liver tumors using examination of transmission electron microscopy ,histopathology and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) . Methods Eighty New Zealand rabbits with VX2 liver tumors were randomly divided into 4 groups ( 20 per group ) , including physiological saline group , prothrombin group , cavitation of microbubbles group ( cavitation group ) and cavitation of microbubbles combined prothrombin group (combined group) . After treatment ,the targeted liver tumors in all groups were ablated with MWA . On the 0 ,3 ,7 and 14 d ,the volumes of coagulated areas of 5 rabbits of each group randomly were measured using CEUS . Tissues in ablated areas ,transition areas and surrounding areas were examined under light microscopy with histopathology and transmission electron microscopy to observe the differences among 4 groups . Tumor metastasis was graded using visual method . Results On the 0 ,3 ,7 and 14 d ,the coagulated volumes in combined group were larger than those in remaining 3 groups ( all P ＜ 0 .001) . Under light microscopy with HE stain ,in transition area ,the fibra band in combined group was wider than those in remaining 3 groups on the 7 and 14 d ( all P ＜ 0 .05 ) . The observations under transmission electron microscopy showed that the cellular ultrastructure disorder in ablated area on the 0 d and mitochondrial injury in transition area on the 7 d were more severe in combined group than those in remaining 3 groups . Compared with the remaining 3 groups ,the degree of tumor metastasis in combined group was less ,and the time of ocurrence was later . Conclusions MEUS combined with prothrombin can significantly expand ablation volume ,enhance the necrosis of ablated tissues ,and inhibit tumor metastasis on rabbit VX 2 liver tumors . The fibra bands in the transition areas can promote the organization and repair the surrounding tissue in the ablation areas .

Simultaneous determination of six constituents in Qingre Zhili Pills by HPLC / 中成药

AIM To develop an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of berberine hydrochloride,jatrorrhizine hydrochloride,palmatine hydrochloride,kaempferol,luteolin and apigenin in Qingre Zhili Pills (Berberidis Radix and Portulacae Herba).METHODS The analysis of methanol extract of this drug was performed on a 35 ℃ thermostatic Agilent TC-C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-0.02％ potassium dihydrogen phosphate flowing at 0.9 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelengths were set at 265 nm and 360 nm.RESULTS Six constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r≥0.999 3),whose average recoveries were 97.16％-99.90％ with the RSDs of 0.62％-1.48％.CONCLUSION This simple method can be used for the rapid quality control of Qingre Zhili Pills.

Changes of S-opsin expression in guinea pigs with flickering light-induced and form-deprived myopia / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To observe the changes of S-opsin expression in guinea pigs with flickering light-induced and form-deprived myopia,and to investigate the causes.Methods Thirty-six two-week-old healthy guinea pigs were randomly assigned to three groups:Flickering light-induced myopia group(FLM group,n=13),form-deprived myopia group(FDM group,n=12) and control group(n=11).For the FLM group,the cages were equipped with astroboscope(0.5 Hz),and LEDs were used as the light source.The right eyes of the guinea pigs in FDM group wore translucent goggles which did not interfere with the normal activity of their eyelids.No special treatment was given to the guinea pigs in the normal groups.All measurements were performed prior to and then after 6 weeks of treatment.The first measurement day was recorded as 0 week.Biological parameters,such as the refraction,axial length(AL) and corneal radius of curvature(CRC),were measured and fundus photography is performed before and after 6 weeks of the treatment.The expression of S-opsin was observed and analyzed by immunofluorescence technique and image analysis system.Results Before the treatment,no significant difference was found in three biometric measurements including refraction,AL and CRC between the groups at 0 week(P>0.05).After the treatment for 6 weeks,significant differences were found in changes of both the biometric measurements between the FLM and control groups,and between the FDM and control groups(P0.05).Expression of S-opsin differed in the FLM and FDM groups.For the mean gray values of green channel,compared with the control group respectively,significant differences were found in both the FLM and FDM group(P<0.001).The mean gray value of green channel of the FLM group was higher,however the mean gray value of green channel of the FDM group was lower.Conclusions Both guinea pig models of flickering light-induced and form-deprived myopia can be established successfully.S-opsin is increased in the flickering light-induced myopia model and decreased in the form-deprived myopia model,indicating that the mechanisms of formation of these two experimental myopia models may be different.

Preliminary study of the inhibitory effect of selective M4 muscarinic receptor antagonist MT3 on form deprivation myopia in guinea pigs / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To evaluate the inhibitory effect of highly selective M4 receptor antagonist MT3 on the form deprivation myopia in guinea pigs and its potential mechanism. Methods Thirty?two healthy male guinea pigs were ran?domly divided into three groups:control group, form deprivation group, and form deprivation + MT3 group, 8 animals in each group. Refraction was measured by retinoscopy after cycloplegia before and after the experiment. The ocular biological dimensions were measured by A?scan ultrasound. RT?PCR was used to detect the relative expression of TGF?β2 mRNA in the retina and choroid. Results Compared with the right eyes of control group, the right eyes of form deprivation + MT3 group developed relative myopia of -1?44 ± 0?50 D (right?left eye) (P =0?001). The vitreous chamber depth and axial length of the right eyes were significantly prolonged by 0?10 ± 0?02 mm and 0?14 ± 0?07 mm (P<0?001, P<0?001), respectively, but the increases of myopia and axial length were significantly smaller than that of the form deprivation group (P<0?001, P<0?001, P<0?001). Down?regulation of relative mRNA expression of TGF?β2 in retina and choroid was found in the form deprivation group (P<0?001, P =0?014) compared with the right eyes of the control group, while up?regulation of relative mRNA expression of TGF?β2 in retina and choroid was found in the form deprivation + MT3 group ( P<0?001, P<0?001). Conclusions MT3 can inhibit the development of form deprivation myopia in guinea pigs, which may play an important role by the regulation of TGF?β2 mRNA level in the retina and choroid.

Clinical Observation of Pregabalin Assisting Anti-histamine Drugs in the Treatment of Secondary Skin Pru-ritus in Uremic Patients Underwent Maintenance Hemodialysis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of pregabalin assisting anti-histamine drugs in the treat-ment of secondary skin pruritus in uremic patients underwent maintenance hemodialysis. METHODS:140 uremic patients with sec-ondary skin pruritus underwent maintenance hemodialysis were randomly divided into control group and treatment group,with 70 cases in each group. Control group was given loratadine orally,10 mg,qd. Treatment group was additionally given pregabalin on the basis of control group,75 mg,po,at night of hemodialysis end,increasing by 75 mg every week if no obvious relief was found,maximal dose of 300 mg. Both group received 3 months of treatment. Clinical efficacy,VAG itching score,modified Duo score,PSQI score before and after treatment and the incidence of ADR were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:Total effec-tive rate of treatment group (90.00%) was significantly higher than that of control group (71.43%),with statistical significance (P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Pregabalin assisting anti-histamine drugs in the treatment of secondary skin pruritus in uremic patients with maintenance hemodialysis can efficiently relieve the itching symptoms,improve sleep quality,and not increase the risk of ADR.

The effect of ultrasound irradiating docetaxel-loaded microbubbles on apoptosis in human liver cancer cells MHCC97-H / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To study the effects and its probable mechanism of ultrasound-irradiation docetaxel-loaded microbubbles on apoptosis in human liver cancer cells MHCC97-H.Methods The MHCC97-H cells were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group,docetaxel-loaded microbubb[es group(DM),Ultrasound group (US),ultrasound irradiating docetaxel-loaded microbubbles group (DM + US).The livability,the morphological change of cells,cell apoptosis rate and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and MAPK pathway members of each group were respectively detected.Results After 24h,MTT test showed that the livability of MHCC97-H cells of DM group,US group and DM + US group were (76.0±3.0)％,(73.0± 5.0)％ and (52.0 ± 6.0)％ respectively,which was significantly declined comparing with control group (P ＜ 0.05).The morphological of tumor cells in control group remain normal size and grow eugenic,while the cells of DM group,US group and DM + US group decreased,their shapes were irregular,the intercellular space increased,and cells apoptosis occured in the medium.The cells in DM + US group were changed significantly.FCM showed the apoptosis rate of DM + US group was (26.81 ± 2.82) ％,which was declined clearly compared with (2.90 ± 0.99) ％ of the control group (P ＜0.05).Western-blot showed that the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and p-ERK1/2 protein in DM + US group were down-regulated,and meanwhile p-p38 protein in human liver cancer cells MHCC97-H was up-regulated.Conclusions The method of ultrasound irradiating docetaxel-loaded microbubbles can significantly induce human liver cancer cells MHCC97-H apoptosis by regulating the expression of related protein.

The predictive value of endoscopic ultrasound for the recurrence of esophageal varices after endo-scopic esophageal varix ligation / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To assess the relationship between the recurrence of esophageal varices fol?lowing endoscopic esophageal varix ligation (EVL) and esophageal collateral veins(ECV)under endoscopic ultrasound ( EUS) , and analyze the predictive value of EUS for recurrence of esophageal varices. Methods Sixty patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension combined with esophageal varices underwent EVL for eradica?tion of varices. Endoscopy and EUS were performed before ligation to detect and describe the type of esopha?geal varices, and grade, location, and the number of ECV. Over a 12?month period, variceal recurrence was examined. The statistical analyses were performed to assess the relationship between esophageal varices fol?lowing EVL and ECV. Results Of the 60 patients, 29 ( 48?3%) had variceal recurrence within 12 months after EVL. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that severe peri?ECV ( OR=22?67;95%CI:4?37? 117?47, P<0?001) ,severe para?ECV( OR=16?31;95%CI:0?84?108?14, P=0?018) , multiple peri?ECV ( OR=22?67;95%CI:4?37?117?47, P<0?001) , and the presence of perforating veins ( OR=6?67,95%CI:1?46?30?43,P=0?014) were significantly related to the variceal recurrence after EVL. Multivariate logis?tic regression model showed that severe peri?ECV ( OR=24?39;95%CI:2?34?253?78,P=0?008) and mul?tiple peri?ECV (OR=24?39;95%CI: 2?34?253?78,P=0?008) severe para?ECV(OR=19?42; 95%CI:4?84?148?54,P=0?012) remained independent prognostic factors for variceal recurrence. The sensitivity and specificity of multivariate logistic regression model in predicting variceal recurrence were 89?2% and 90?5%, respectively (prognostic value AUC=0?946).The sensitivity and specificity were 86?4% and 87?7% in pre?dicting variceal recurrence( prognostic value AUC=0?871) . Conclusion Recurrence rate of esophageal var?ices after EVL is high. EUS can clearly depict ECV. Severe peri?ECV and multiple peri?ECV are significant and independent prognostic factors associated with variceal recurrence risk. EUS before EVL will help predict variceal recurrence after EVL.

Research on Molecular Biological Characteristics of Proto-oncogene pim-2 / 生物医学工程学杂志

The purpose of this paper is to present the research on the molecular biological characteristics of proto-oncogene pim-2 and to analyze the related mechanism. Proto-oncogene pim-2 was studied and analyzed by the bioinformatics method and technology. With an online server, the chromosomal localization of pim-2 gene was analyzed, and the exon, open reading frame, CpG island and miRNAs complementary fragments and the like were predicted. With bioinformatics software, the physicochemical property of transcription protein of proto-oncogene pim-2 and various modification sites of protein sequence, such as ubiquitination and glycosylation, were predicted, the antigenic index was calculated, and the spatial structural was modeled. The research findings showed that the proto-oncogene pim-2 comprised six exons, the CDS (coding sequence) transcribed a section of peptide chain including 311 amino acids, a gene promoter has a CpG island, and the 3'UTR region contains an miRNA gene. The molecular weight of the Pim-2 protein was 34,188. 47, the isoelectric point was 5.78, the instability index was 45.87, and the extinction coefficient was 279nm. A plurality of covalent modification sites, two ubiquitination sites, four glycosylation sites, an SUMO sumoylation site, a nitrosation site, two palmitoylation sites and sixteen regions with higher antigenic index were distributed in the protein sequence. This research showed that the related regions and modification sites distributed on the sequence of proto-oncogene pim-2 were closely related to the carcinogenic effect thereof.

Tibial intramedullary nail and locking compression plate repair open tibial fractures by stages:biomechanical characteristics / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Intramedul ary nail fixation has more advantages in open fractures compared with the locking compression plate, such as the dual functions of lock and compression, highly protecting the blood supply in fracture end, less tissue trauma, firm elastic fixation and low infection rate. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical efficacy and biomechanical properties of tibial intramedul ary nail and locking compression plate in treatment of open tibial fractures by stages. METHODS:Total y 100 patients with open tibial fractures who received treatment at the Department of Orthopedics, Jiaozhou Central Hospital of Qingdao Affiliated to Weifang Medical Col ege from January 2012 to January 2014 were enrol ed. Patients were divided into tibial intramedul ary nail group (n=57) and locking compression plate group (n=43) according to the surgical procedures using randomized control ed method. Ten corpses models of open tibial fractures provided by Jiaozhou Central Hospital of Qingdao Affiliated to Weifang Medical Col ege were selected, and then randomly divided into 2 groups. Three-point bending test, axial compression test and torsional strength test were conducted after the fixation with tibial intramedul ary nail and locking compression plate. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The operative time and per-operative blood loss of patients in the tibial intramedul ary nail group was significantly less than those in the locking compression plate group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in wound infection, fixtures loosening, not healing and other complications after fixation between these two groups. There were no incision infection in these two groups. The specimens bending test offset, axial compression experiments offset and torsion test torsion angle in tibial intramedul ary nail group were significantly less than those in the locking compression plate group (P<0.05). These results demonstrate that tibial intramedul ary nail and locking compression plate for treatment of open tibial fractures by stages can achieve the desired therapeutic effect, however, the biomechanics of tibial intramedul ary nail is more stable, and more in line with the biomechanical properties of human body, with the advantages of firm fixation, doing exercises in early stage and smal stress shielding. Choosing the appropriate materials according to patient’s symptoms and fracture location during treatment can improve the curative effect.