Analysis of associated factors of the inconsistency for knowledge and behavior in condom use among college students in Zhuhai City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To examine the prevalence and factors influencing the inconsistency for knowledge and behavior in condom use among college students, so as to provide suggestions for AIDS prevention and education in universities.@*Methods@#From October to December 2019, a multistage cluster sampling method was employed to collect data relating to inconsistency for knowledge and behavior in condom use and other related factors among 1 303 students from six colleges in Zhuhai, China. Chi square test and Logistic regression were performed to analyze the influencing factors and moderating effect.@*Results@#The reporting rate of in consistency of knowledge and behavior in condom use among college students was 41.1%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that seeking sexual partners offline was negatively correlated with inconsistency for knowledge and behavior in condom use ( OR=0.70, 95%CI =0.51-0.95). However, condom nonuse during the first sexual experience (OR=7.11, 95%CI=5.23-9.67), smoking before sex ( OR=1.47, 95%CI =1.07-2.02), drinking before sex ( OR=1.44, 95%CI =1.09-1.91), history of intimate partner violence ( OR=1.53, 95%CI =1.13-2.07), and having multiple sexual partners ( OR=1.69, 95%CI =1.25-2.29) were positively correlated with inconsistency for knowledge and behavior in condom use ( P <0.05). The moderating effect analysis showed that condom use during the first sexual experience had a moderating effect on smoking before sex and inconsistency for knowledge and behavior in condom use ( β=0.92, P <0.05). Among students who did not use condoms during the first sexual experience, a positive correlation was observed between smoking before sex and inconsistency for knowledge and behavior in condom use ( OR= 2.76 , 95%CI=1.09-6.99, P <0.05). However, no correlation was found between smoking before sex and inconsistency for knowledge and behavior in condom use ( OR=1.32, 95%CI=0.92-1.88, P >0.05) among students who used condoms during the first sexual experience.@*Conclusion@#High levels of inconsistency for knowledge and behavior in condom use are found among college students in Zhuhai City. Colleges should carry out sex education activities as soon as possible, and explore new health education models to promote the transformation of their knowledge into behavior.

Progress on clinical application of bedaquiline / 中华临床感染病杂志

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) has been a serious global public health problem. There is an urgent need in new drug development for drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Bedaquiline (Bdq) is a new antituberculous drug belonging to the diarylquinoline class that efficiently inhibits the adenosine triphosphate synthase enzyme of MTB, now is one of the core drugs for the treatment of DR-TB. Bdq can significantly improve the negative rate of sputum culture and reduce the mortality with good safety and tolerance, and it can also shorten the course of treatment for patients with tuberculosis and save costs. This article reviews the efficacy, safety, tolerability and treatment-related issues of Bdq-containing regimens for DR-TB.

Status quo of exposure to latent tuberculosis infection and progress of prevention among healthcare workers in China / 中华临床感染病杂志

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The high incidence rate, drug resistance rate and mortality rate of TB infection cause serious social and economic burden in developing countries. Due to high occupational exposure, medical institutions and healthcare workers take the potential risk of TB infection, which have negative impact on the public health and occupational health. As one of the countries with high burden of TB in the world, the occupational exposure of healthcare workers in China is serious, and the infection rate is far higher than that of developed countries. This article reviews the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection among health care workers and the status quo of occupational protection in medical institutions in China.

Clinical efficacy of compound sulfamethoxazole combined with second-line drugs in treatment of MDR-TB / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the effect of compound sulfamethoxazole(SMZ.Co) combined with second-line drugs in the treatment of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB).Methods Eighty-five cases of MDR-TB collected in this hospital from March 2014 to December 2016 were divided into the group A,B and C group.The C group underwent the conventional secondline anti-TB treatment,on this basis the group A and B were additionally added with 0.96 g and 0.48 g SMZ.Co respectively.The clinical curative effects(such as cough,phlegm,sputum bacterial negative conversion rate and X-rays) were compared among the three groups.Results Compared with C group,the cough and phlegm rates after continuous treatment for six months in the group A and B treated by combined use of SMZ.Co were significantly decreased,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05),while the sputum bacterial negative conversion rate,change of lesion focus and cavity,and treatment outcome rate had no statistical difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion The application of SMZ.Co combined with second-line drugs in the treatment of MDR-TB could effectively relieve the symptom of cough and phlegm.

Clinical features of initially treated pulmonary tuberculosis patients with rifampin dependent mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv0341 antibody positive / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the clinical features of initially treated pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)patients with rifampin dependent mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv0341 antibody positive.Methods Forty two initially treated pulmonary TB patients with rifampin dependent mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv0341 antibody positive were included as the study group and 42 initially treated pulmonary TB patients with rifampin dependent mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv0341 antibody as the control group The aspects of clinical symptoms,X-ray imaging manifestations,positive rate in sputum culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampin dependent mycobacterium tuberculosis,treatment effects,etc.were compared between the two groups.Results The incidence rates of expectoration,hemoptysis and shortness of breath in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05);the X-ray image manifestations in the study group showed that the lesions were much more involved in two lungs and multiple lung fields(P＜0.05),while thlesions in the control group more confined to single lung and one lung field(P＜ 0.05),moreover the rate appearing pulmonary cavity in the study group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05);the sputum culture positive rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis had no statistical difference between the two groups(P＞0.05),but the sputum culture positive rate of rifampin dependent mycobacterium tuberculosis in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05);as for the treatment effects,the cure rate in the control group was higher than that in the study group(P＜0.05),the ineffective ratio in the control group was less than that in the study group.Conclusion Initially treated pulmonary TB patients with rifampin dependent mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv0341 antibody positive have the characteristics of severe clinical symptoms,wide range lesions,easily appearing cavity,high culture positive rate of rifampin dependent mycobacterium tuberculosis and poor treatment effect.

Clinical study of 70 cases of ventricular hemorrhage with minimally invasive treatment of external ventricular drainage and injection of urokinase with CT stereotactic / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the method of treatment on ventricular hemorrhage .Methods The clini-cal experience of 70 cases of ventricular hemorrhage with minimally invasive treatment of external ventricular drainage and injection of urokinase with CT stereotactic were summarized .Results Except for 3 cases of death ,67 cases sur-vived(95.7%),Grade Ⅰ-Ⅱwas 37 cases(52.9%),Grade Ⅲ was 21 cases(30.0%),Grade Ⅳ-Ⅴ was 9 cases (12.9%), and there was no complication of infection and bleeding associated with drainage among 70 cases. Conclusion The minimally invasive treatment of external ventricular drainage and injection of urokinase with CT ste -reotactic on ventricular hemorrhage improves the cure rate significantly ,reduces the mortality rate and the incidence of complications ,which has important clinical value .

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of occupational exposure to HIV in Chongqing during 2009-2012 / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency vi-rus (HIV) in Chongqing to provide the scientific basis for avoiding and reducing the HIV occupational exposures in the future . Methods All archival data of the exposed individuals came to our hospital for seeking post-exposure consultation and treatment during 2009-2012 were performed the classification and arrangement for conducting the descriptive analysis on the distribution characteristics of the age ,gender ,occupation ,working region ,exposure mode and severity of exposure .Results During this period , there were 135 cases of occupational exposure ,which ocurred in the medical institutions outside the main urban area (74 .18% ) , dominated by the nurses (57 .04% ) and doctors(33 .33% ) .21-30 years old (51 .85% ) and 31 -40 years old(33 .33% ) were the age groups with more occurrence of occupational exposure .The exposure routes were dominated by the sharp instrument injury (92 .59% ) and the exposure degree was mainly the secondary exposure ( 69 .63% ) .Conclusion The prevalence situation of HIV occupational exposure in Chongqing is stable in the total trend .The medical and health institutions outside main urban area should perfect the management system ,strengthen training ,put the standard prophylaxis principles to practice for reducing the occurrence of occupational exposure .

The analysis of the influencing factors of mortality rate in the transplantation of mouse bone marrow / 生物医学工程学杂志

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influencing factors of mortality rate in the bone marrow transplantation in mice. The recipient mice receiving whole-body irradiation of gamma-ray were infused with the same strain of bone marrow cells or the mixture of the bone marrow cells and splenocytes respectively. Experiments were carried out in four batches, with different strains of mice used, respectively. The manifestations and the appearance of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were observed, as well as the mortality rate within 35 d of the transplantation in the recipient mice. The mortality rate of the first group of recipient mice was the lowest, the mortality rate of the second group of recipient mice was the highest and the obvious GVHD performance was observed before death. In the third group, the mortality rate declined and there was statistical significance compared to that of the second group. The mortality rate of the fourth group of mice was higher than that of the third group, but still lower than that of the second group of mice and there is a statistical significance. This evidence suggested that mouse genetic purity, splenocytes, the ratio of the bone marrow cells and splenocytes and the week-old of the mouse could be the important influencing factors of the mortality rate in mouse bone marrow transplantation.

Effects of total glucosides of peony on expression of inflammatory cytokines and phosphorylated MAPK signal molecules in hippocampus induced by fibrillar Aβ42 / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of hippocampal Abeta42 deposition on the expression of inflammatory cytokines and phosphorylated MAPK signal molecules as well as the intervention of AD by total glucosides of paeony (TGP).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>12 week-old female SD rats were stereotactic injected one-time with a fibrillar Abeta42 positioning hippocampus to replicate AD pathology model and interfered with TGP. The expression of inflammatory cytokines and phosphorylated MAPK pathway signaling molecules were observed by immunohistochemistry (SABC), and SABC images were analyzed by image analysis software.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the control group, the IL-1beta, IL-6 and p-p38, p-JNK, p-MEK3/6 positive stained areas of AD pathology model group increased and their staining intensity decreased (the protein expression quantity inversely proportional to the staining intensity), while the IL-1beta, IL-6 and p-p38, p-JNK, p-MEK3/6 positive stained areas of the treatment groups decreased and their staining intensity increased compared with AD pathology model group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Abeta42 deposition in hippocampus can induce the brain inflammation and the over-expression of IL-1beta, IL-6 and p-p38, p-JNK, p-MEK3/6. Inhibiting the over-expression of inflammatory cytokines and phosphorylated MAPK signaling molecules may be a major antagonistic mechanism of TGP against AD.</p>

The study on hemodynamics changes of the regions surrounding hematoma in pafients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To the expression of cytokines assay in peripheral blood and hematoma fluid of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage,and the hemodynamic changes in brain tissue around the hematoma by using perfusion computed tomography imaging(PCTT)and immune turbidimetric analysis and analyze its influence on prognosis.Methods Fifty-six cases of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage patients were inspected with conventional CT and PCTT,quantitative analysis of hematoma and the contralateral corresponding area around the cerebral blood flow(CBF),cerebral blood volume(CBV),mean transit time (MTT),comparing acute and subacute phase CBF,CBV,MTT change.Peripheral blood,hematoma fluid compiement C_3 and C_4 levels were detected.Results In 56 patients with acute phase ipsilateral CBF,CBV,MTT were(19.3 4±3.1)ml/(min·100 g),(1.4 4±0.4)ml/g,(16.5 4±3.1)s,respectively,and in eontralateral were(50.3 4±3.4)ml/(min·100 g),(2.4±1.1)ml/g,(4.8±2.6)s,the corresponding index difference between the two sides were statistically significant(P<0.05).Subaeute phase ipsilateral CBF,CBV,MTY were(29.7±2.1)ml/(min·100 g),(1.9±0.6)ml/g,(8.9±2.7)s,the in contralateral were (48.2±6.3)ml/(min·100g),(2.3±0.7)ml/g,(4.7±1.6)s,the corresponding index difference between the two sides were statistically significant(P<0.05).Subacute phase CBF,CBV,MTT compared with acute phase,the difference Wag statistically significant(P<0.05).Acute and subacute phase of complement C_3 and C_4 in peripheral blood and hematoma fluid content of the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Acute and subaeute phase of edema ratios were 0.9 and 0.4,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusions The cerebral blood flow and cerebral perfusion of the brain tissue amund hematoma after the cerebral hemorrhage are decreased.PCTI Can analyze the intracerebral hemodynamic changes of the brain tissue around hematoma after the cerebral hemorrhage,which is helpful to treat hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage and estimate its prognosis.

A case of retinoic acid syndrome due to tretinoin in the treatment of psoriasis / 中华皮肤科杂志

To report a case of retinoic acid syndrome due to tretinoin in the treatment of psoriasis.A 32-year-old male patient presented with psoriasis vulgaris for more than 10 years.In recent 10 years,he experienced erythema,plaques covered with multi-layered scales on the scalp,trunk,extremities accompanied by pruritus.The patient was diagnosed as psoriasis and given long-term treatment with oral vitamins,traditional Chinese medicine,and topical drugs,which resulted in a status of remission and exacerbation.Half a year prior to the presentation,the patient was given acitretin 10 mg twice daily due to the exacerbation of condition;20 days later,the dose increased to thrice daily;after another 30 days,the lesions were improved,and the frequency decreased to twice daily again;finally,a disappearance of the lesions was achieved after half a year of maintenance treatment with acitretin 10 mg twice daily.One week prior to the presentation,the treatment strategy was altered from acitretin to viaminate 50 mg twice daily;after three days with viaminate,the patient experienced a sudden worsening of psoriatic lesions with an obvious inflammatory reaction;subsequently,the lesions rapidly spread to the whole body surface and fused into large patches,accompanied with the following signs:marked edema,massive desquamating,high fever (＞39℃),hypotension,respiratory distress,pulmonary edema,pleural and pericardial effusions,renal dysfunction,peripheral blood leukocytosis.The patient was diagnosed as retinoic acid syndrome(RAS).After given oral glucocorticoid,symptomatic and supportive treatment,he experienced a relief of symptoms.These findings indicate that RAS is an entity with an abrupt onset and poor prognosis.For patients with RAS,early diagnosis and prompt management with corticosteroids,symptomatic and supportive treatments are essential to avoid potential fatal complications.

Effect of intracranial hematoma by drilling skull in treatment of hypertensive brain hemorrhage / 中国基层医药

Objective To analyze the clinical effect of intracranial hematoma by drilling skull in treatment with hypertensive brain hemorrhage.Methods 188 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were classified into control group with 94 cases and traditional group with 94 cases.The control group were treated with conservative medicine and observation group were treated with intracranial hematoma by drilling skull.The clinical efficacy and defection score of nerves function were observed and compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group(P＜0.05) while the death rate in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.05),Compared with pre-treatment,after treatment 2 weeks and 4 weeks,the Barthel index in two groups were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Moreover,after treatment 2 weeks and 4 weeks,the Barthel index in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The intracranial hematoma by drilling skull can enhance effective rate,decrease death rate and improve the ADL ability.

Comparison of opa typing with Neisseria gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing for discrimination of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from patients and their sex partners / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To compare the potentiality of opa typing versus Neisseria gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing (Ng-MAST) in discrimination of N. gonorrhoeae isolates, and to investigate the consistency of genotypes of N. gonorrhoeae between patients and their sex partners. Methods N. gonor-rhoeae was isolated from patients and their sex partners who attended sexually transmitted disease clinics of the Affiliated Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from February 2006 to August 2007. All isolates were cultured on Thayer-Martin agar and GC-based choco-late agar, and identified by Gram stain and oxidase reaction. Totally, twenty-four strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated form 12 pairs of male-female sex partners. Genomic DNA was isolated from the strains, and subjected to PCR amplification of opa gene as well as pot and tbpB genes, opa typing and Ng-MAST typing were utilized to differentiate the 24 strains respectively. Results The 24 isolates were classified into 10 sequence types (ST) by Ng-MAST typing, and 12 opa types (OT) by opa typing. A novel genotype identi-fied by Ng-MAST (217-86% homologisation 178), was unique in China. Conclusions Both ST and OT of N. gonorrhoeae strains are identical between patients and their corresponding partners except for one pair of partners, 45/46, suggesting that gonorrhea is transmitted to each other by contiguity between sex partners. Opa typing is likely to be more potential than Ng-MAST in genotyping of N.gonorrhoeae strains.

Targeted killing of malignant melanoma cells by aclarubicin liposome conjugated with vascular endothelial growth factor / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To evaluate the targeted killing of malignant melanoma cells by aclarubicin liposomes conjugated with vascular endothelial growth factor(ADM-VEGF-SSL)in vitro.Metheds To detect the binding abilitv of liposomes to malignant melanoma(MM)cells,the human malignant melanoma cell line A375 was cultured in the presence of ADM-VEGF-3H-SSL or ADM-3H-SSL for 2 days followed by the detection of radioactivity of these cells.Then.A375 cells were cultured with various concentrations(0.01,0.1,1,10,100 mol/L)of ADM-VEGF-SSL,ADM-SSL or free ADM for 48 hours in the 48-hour cytotoxity test,or for 0.5 hour followed by another 48-hour culture in drug-free medium in the 0.5-hour cytotoxity test.After that,MTT assay was used to detect the survival rate of these cells.Results ADM-VEGF-SSL could specifically bind to and kill A375 cells.The binding rate of ADM-VEGF-SSL was 2.15 folds as high as that of ADM-SSL.The survival rate of A375 cells after being treated with ADM-VEGF-SSL for 48 hour was similar to that with flee ADM(P＞0.05).but lower than that with ADM-SSL(P＜0.05),while the survival rate of melanocytes treated with ADM-VEGF-SSL was higher than that with free ADM or ADM-SSL(both P＜0.05).As shown by the 0.5-hour cytotoxity test.shortening the treatment course did not attenuate the effect of ADM-VEGF-SSL on A375 cells.Conclusions ADM-VEGF-SSL can specifically recognize A375 cells.efficiently deliver adriamycin into tumor cells,markedly inhibit the proliferation of A375 cells,and eventually,a targeted kill of these cells is realized.

A retrospective and comparative study of familial and non-familial bullous lichen planus / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

In order to compare the clinical characteristics of familial and non-familial bullous lichen planus (BLP), the archival data of 36 BLP patients with positive family history and 21 BLP patients with negative family history diagnosed according to the clinical features and histopathology were collected in our department from 1956 to 2003. The clinical features were analyzed and compared. There were significant differences between familial and non-familial BLP in age of onset, duration of disease and extension of eruption (P<0.01). It was concluded that familial BLP appeared to differ from the non-familial form in its earlier age of onset, longer duration of the disease, more extensive eruption and more tendency to involve nails. Hereditary factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of familial BLP.

A Retrospective and Comparative Study of Familial and Non-familial Bullous Lichen Planus / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

In order to compare the clinical characteristics of familial and non-familial bullous lichen planus (BLP), the archival data of 36 BLP patients with positive family history and 21 BLP patients with negative family history diagnosed according to the clinical features and histopathology were collected in our department from 1956 to 2003. The clinical features were analyzed and compared. There were significant differences between familial and non-familial BLP in age of onset, duration of disease and extension of eruption (P＜0.01). It was concluded that familial BLP appeared to differ from the non-familial form in its earlier age of onset, longer duration of the disease, more extensive eruption and more tendency to involve nails. Hereditary factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of familial BLP.

Epidemiological Features and Prognostic Analysis of 58 Pregnant Women Infected by Syphilis / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidemiological features of pregnant women with syphilis, their pregnant outcomes, and perinatal and neonatal prognosis. METHODS Fifty-eight pregnant women with syphilis were retrospectively studied from Jan 2003 to Dec 2007. RESULTS There were 3 cases in 2003, 8 in 2004, 11 in 2005, 15 in 2006 and 21 in 2007. There were 19 dominant syphilis cases and 39 latent syphilis cases among 58 pregnant women with syphilis. Pregnant outcomes: term delivery reached 92.86% in pregnant women with regular antisyphilitic treatment and only 25.00% in pregnant women without antisyphilitic treatment (P

Relationship between Host Survival and the Type of Immune Response in Different Organs during Disseminated Candidiasis / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

To examine the relationship between host survival and the type of immune response in different organs during disseminated candidiasis, the murine model of disseminated candidiasis was established by injection with Candida albicans via tail vein. The survival time was observed for up to 60 days. And the expression levels of cytokines in the spleen and kidney, including IFN-γ and IL-4, were determined with RT-PCR. Our results showed that in the spleen, both non-fatal and fatal inoculum caused a type Ⅱ immune response with steady expression levels of IFN-γ and the obviously increased levels of IL-4. While in the kidney, non-fatal inoculum induced a type Ⅰ immune response with the obviously increased levels of IFN-γ and the steady expression levels of IL-4. However, fatal inoculum induced a type Ⅱ immune response with a constant expression of IFN-γ and the evidently increased levels of IL-4. It is concluded that in disseminated candidiasis, host survival is associated with the type of immune responses in the kidney, but not in the spleen.

Expression of HFGL2/ Fibroleukin in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Its Clinical Significance / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between procoagulation of HFGL 2 and abnormality of coagulation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by detecting the expression of HFGL2/fibroleukin in peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC) of SLE patients. Methods A polyclonal antibody against HFGL2 was applied to detecting the expression of HFGL2 protein in 32 SLE patients and 15 healthy volunteers by immunohistochemistry. Semi-quantitative measurement of HFGL2 expression in the blood specimen was done with high multiple image analytical system(HMIAS). Results The expression of HFGL2 in PBMC from 23 active SLE patients was significantly higher than that in the controls, which showed a positive correlation with the disease activity. Conclusion The expression of HFGL2 in PBMC is probably correlated with the pathogenesis and disease activity of SLE.