RESUMO
Objective To investigate the roles of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylated Akt (P-Akt) in the pathogenesis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and condyloma acuminatum.Methods Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of PI3K and P-Akt in tissue specimens from the lesions of 30 cases of cervical squamous cell carcinoma,30 cases of condyloma acuminatum and the prepuce of 15 normal human controls.The average optical density and gray scale values were calculated and analyzed by t test and F test respectively.Results The expressions of PI3K and P-Akt were observed in only the basal layer of the epidermis of control specimens,but in the whole epidermis of condyloma acuminatum tissue specimens.Cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissue specimens displayed a stronger expression of PI3K and P-Akt compared with the control and condyloma acuminatum tissue specimens.As immunohistochemistry revealed,the average absorbance value for PI3K and P-Akt was 0.28 ±0.05 and 0.20 ± 0.07 respectively in cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissue specimens,0.22 ± 0.04 and 0.17 ± 0.03 respectively in condyloma acuminatum tissue specimens,and 0.16 ± 0.04 and 0.10 ± 0.02 respectively in the control tissue specimens; significant differences were observed in the expressions of PI3K and P-Akt among the three groups of tissue specimens (F =44.87,20.64,respectively,both P ＜ 0.01 ).The results of Western blot were consistent with those of immunohistochemistry,and there was a significant difference in the gray scale value for PI3K and P-Akt between cervical squamous cell carcinoma,condyloma acuminatum and control tissue specimens (3.48 ± 0.48 vs.1.99 ± 0.11 vs.1.00 ± 0.03,F=354.83,P＜ 0.01; 3.33 ± 0.26 vs.1.96 ± 0.11 vs.1.00 ± 0.03,F=302.33,P＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is abnormally activated in condyloma acuminatum and cervical squamous cell carcinoma,and human papilloma virus may cause the abnormal proliferation of infected epithelium likely by affecting the upregnlated expression of PI3K/P-Akt.
RESUMO
Objective To observe the curative effect, safety and patient's satisfaction degree of combining compound betamethasone with anisodamine injection in the blocking treatment of eyebrow alopecia areata.Methods A total of 66 cases were randomly divined into two groups: patients were treated by compound betamethasone ( group A) and combining compound betamethasone with anisodamine ( group B). The drugs were injected from the middle of eyebrow alopecia areata to two sides by the standard of 0. 2 ml/cm2 in both groups one time a month. The curative effect of the all cases were observed at 1, 2 and 3 months after treatment. The safety of them were evaluated based on incidence rate of the side effect and their satisfactory degree were evaluated based on subjective reception 3 months after treatment. Results The effective rates in the group B were 58.82 %, 73.53 % and 88.23 % by turns at 1,2 and 3 months after treatment, and those in the group A were 31.25 %, 53.13 % and 71.88 %, respectively. The curative effect in the group B was better than that in the group A (P ＜ 0. 05), and the incidence rate of side effect in the group B was similar to that in the group A (P＞0.05) and the patient's satisfaction degree in group B was better than that in group A (P ＜0. 05) 3months after treatment. Conclusion The compound betamethasone combined with anisodamine injection in the treatment of eyebrow alopecia areata has superior curative efficacy, more safety and higher satisfactory degree in the patients.
RESUMO
Objective To investigate the role of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK kinase (MEK), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris. Methods Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression of p-MEK, p-ERK and p-NF-KB in tissue samples from 30 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 15 normal human controls. The average optical density of immunostaining and relative grey scale of immuno-bloting were calculated. Results The average optical density of immunostaining for p-MEK, p-ERK and p-NF-KB was 0.36 ± 0.03, 0.36 ± 0.04 and 0.26 ± 0.04, respectively in lesion samples of psoriasis, significantly higher than that in normal control tissue (0.22 ± 0.02, 0.18 ± 0.03 and 0.16 ± 0.03, all P < 0.01). A significant increase was also observed in the relative grey scale of p-MEK, p-ERK and p-NF-κB in psoriatic lesions compared with the normal controls (1.41 ± 0.14 vs 0.54 ± 0.10, 2.35 ± 0.34 vs 1.86 ± 0.12, 1.07 ± 0.15 vs 0.87 ± 0.08, all P < 0.01). Conclusions The expressions of p-MEK, p-ERK and p-NF-κB are enhanced in lesions of psoriasis vulgaris, and the abnormal activation of upstream and downstream molecules in the MAPK signaling pathways might be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
RESUMO
Objective To investigate the significance of cyclin E and p27 in genital epidermal benign and malignant tumors. Methods HPV DNA was examined and typed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in 99 biopsy specimens taken from skin lesions of condyloma acuminatum, external genital carcinoma in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The expression of cyclin E and p27 in the lesions was examined by immunohistochemistry technique. Results (1) The cyclin E expression in epidermis was notably higher in the lesions than that in normal skin. In HPV-positive samples, the cyclin E expression was higher than that in HPV-negative ones. The cyclin E expression was strongest in invasive squamous cell carcinoma lesions and lowest in condyloma acuminatum lesions. (2) The p27 expression in condyloma acuminatum was slightly higher than that in normal epidermis. But it was notably lower in the lesions of carcinoma in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinoma than that in the normal skin. The expression was also lower in HPV-positive lesions than that in HPV-negative ones. Comparing the three kinds of HPV positive lesions, the intensity of expression was highest in condyloma acuminatum and lowest in invasive squamous cell carcinoma. (3) The study also showed that cyclin E expression was correlated with p27 expression in the lesions. Conclusions The expression of cyclin E and p27 is associated with HPV infection in the lesions. HPV infection might induce epidermal proliferation and malignant transformation by influencing the expression and interaction of cyclin E and p27.
RESUMO
Objective To study the possible relationship between human papillomaviruse (HPV) infection and external genital proliferative diseases. Methods HPV DNA was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a consensus primer and typed by using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method in 151 paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens from seven kinds of external genital epidermal proliferative lesions. Results In 30 cases of condyloma acuminatum, HPV DNA was positive for all cases, among which HPV6 and HPV11 accounted for 60% and 26.7%, respectively. In 40 cases of bowenoid papulosis, 5 cases of genital Bowen′s disease and 6 cases of erythroplasia of Queyrat, the positive rates of HPV DNA were 55%, 100% and 33.3%, respectively, and the predominant type was HPV16. In 18 cases of external genital invasive squamous cell carcinoma HPV DNA positive rate was 27.8%, and HPV16 was detected in all of the 5 HPV-positive cases. HPV DNA was negative in 32 cases of leukoplakia and 20 cases of extramammary Paget′s disease. Conclusions Condyloma acuminatum is mainly caused by HPV6 infection, followed by HPV11; HPV16 infection is closely associated with the pathogenesis of bowenoid papulosis and external genital squmous cell carcinoma including Bowen′s disease and erythroplasia of Queyrat. In external genital invasive squamous cell carcinoma, HPV16 infection may be one of the multiple carcinogenic factors. No clear relationship is found between HPV infection and leukoplakia or extramammary Paget′s disease.