Expression of mir-21 and mir-375 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#The aims of the present study are to determine the microRNA expression signature in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and the association with clinical features of this disease.@*METHOD@#We analyzed the microRNA expression profiles in LSCC and adjacent normal tissue. The chip results were further verified by quantitative Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction. We analyzed the association between the expression of mir-21,mir-375 and the clinic features.@*RESULT@#Initial analysis by gene expression microarray revealed that mir-21 was one of most up-regulated microRNAs in LSCC and mir-375 was down-regulated. The expression of mir-21 and mir-375 were validated by qRT-PCR. The expression of mir-21 was significantly raise in tumors (P < 0.01), while the expression of mir-375 was decrease in tumors (P < 0.01). The up-regulation of mir-21 in LSCC was shown to be associated with clinical pathologic stages of these patients (P < 0.05). The high expression of mir-21 was associated with clinical feature of smoking (P < 0.05). Characteristics such as age, sex, clinical stages and alcohol were analyzed according to the expression of mir-21, mir-375 but no difference was observed.@*CONCLUSION@#mir-21 is a putative oncogenic RNA in head and neck cancer. The mutation of mir-21 may be involved in the oncogenesis and differentiation of LSCC. Our study may helpful clarify a great potential for the use of mir-21 profiling as a prognostic marker in predicting the post-surgical outcome.

GluR2 expression in the developing rat inferior colliculus and the relationship with development of synapse / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the GluR2 expression in rat inferior colliculus (IC) in different developmental stages, and to investigate its developmental change and relationship with the synapse development.@*METHOD@#The expression of GluR2 and synaptophysin(SYP) in IC were detected by double immunofluorescence method.@*RESULT@#(1) All sorts of neurons in IC expressed GluR2 in every postnatal groups, and the GluR2 expression in P6w groups was higher than that in other groups. (2) The expression of GluR2 were different in different subnucleus of IC. (3) All sorts of neurons in IC expressed SYP in every postnatal groups, and the SYP expression in P6w groups was higher than others. (4) The expressions of GluR2 consistent with the expression of SYP in IC.@*CONCLUSION@#The developmental changes of GluR2 and SYP expression in the rat IC may be involved in the development and plasticity of auditory center.

Significance and relationship between apnea and subsequent hypoxemia of OSAHS patients in a waking state / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical significance and relationship between apnea and subsequent hypoxemia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in a waking state.@*METHOD@#Fifty patients with snoring at night and suspected sleep breathing disorders were selected. Each patient was asked to stop breathing at the end of normal expiration level in a waking state and then hold their breath till the decline of the arterial oxygen saturation. The duration from the beginning of stopping breathing to the beginning of the following desaturation were recorded and defined as single delay period of desaturation. The subjects were asked to complete a Chinese version of Epworth Sleepiness Scale and tested by polysomnography all night long. Then the subjects were divided into four groups according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): group 1, AHI 5-15; group 3, AHI > 15-30; group four AHI > 30.@*RESULT@#The single delay period of desaturation in group 3 was shorter than that in group 1 (P < 0.05). And it in group 4 was shorter significantly than the other three groups (P < 0.01). AHI, the percentage of the total recorded time spent below 90% oxygen saturation level (TS90%), the time of sleep apnea-hypopnea per hour, heart rate and body mass index (BMI) had a negative relationship with the single delay period of desaturation (r = -0.709, -0.769, -0. 682, - 0.403, - 0.480, P < 0.01). Lowest arterial oxygen saturation (LSaO2 ) and mean arterial oxygen saturation (MSaO2) had a positive relationship with the single delay period of desaturation (r = 0.702, 0.610, P < 0.01). Age had no relationship with it. The single delay period of desaturation, AHI and LSaO2 had a linear relationship with ESS7 (r = -0.688, 0.568, -0.576, P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The single delay period of desaturation in OSAHS patients get shorter with the degree of severity, especially in the severe ones. The shortening of the single delay period of desaturation maybe a protective mechanism for OSAHS patients so as to reduce the severity of apnea. AHI, LSaO2, TS90% and the sleep apnea-hypopnea time per hour have a close relationship with the single delay period of desaturation and it may provide valuable information for evaluating the severity of OSAHS patients, especially to the serious one. The single delay period of desaturation has a close relationship with ESS7 and may contribute to evaluate the severity of daytime sleepiness.

GluR2 expression in the developing rat inferior colliculus and the relationship with development of synapse / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To observe the GluR2 expression in rat inferior colliculus (IC) in different developmental stages , and to investigate its developmental change and relationship with the synapse development.Method: The expression of GluR2 and synaptophysin(SYP) in IC were detected by double immunofluorescence method.Result:①All sorts of neurons in IC expressed GluR2 in every postnatal groups, and the GluR2 expression in P6w groups was higher than that in other groups .②The expression of GluR2 were different in different subnucleus of IC.③All sorts of neurons in IC expressed SYP in every postnatal groups, and the SYP expression in P6w groups was higher than others. ④The expressions of GluR2 consistented with the expression of SYP in IC.Conclusion:The developmental changes of GluR2 and SYP expression in the rat IC may be involved in the development and plasticity of auditory center.

Significance of modified radical neck dissectionin papillary thyroid carcinoma / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the recurrence of the neck and survival incidence of clinically possible pos-itive lateral cervical nodes in patients with well-differentiated papillary thyroid cancer and the essentiality of the performation of modified radical neck dissection. Method: Retrospective datum of 267 cases of papillary thyroid car-cinoma were collected and ananlyzed. They were divided into two groups with time; selective neck dissection with VI area was performed in 151 cases of group A and selective neck dissection was performed without VI area in 116 cased of group B. They were received the same treatment in the thyroid-total thyroidectomy on initial part and subtotal thyrodectomy on the other, and total thyroidectomy on both parts if both were invated. Incidence of posi-tive lateral cerivcal nodes of VI area in group A and the recurrence in the neck and survival incidence in groups B were analyzed. Result: Fiftynine patients in group A were treated with the modified radical neck dissection, and 22 patients of them were found metastasis in lateral cervical nodes with Ⅵ area. The other 92 patients were treated with neck dissection of Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅵ VI area, and 31 patients weren't metastasis, 33 patients were metastasis in both Ⅵ area and the others(35.8%), 17 patients were metastasis only in Ⅵ area(18.4%), 11 patients weren't metastasis only in Ⅵ area(11.9%). Thus, the incident of metastasis in Ⅵ area was 47.70% in group A(72/151). 47 patients in group B had metastasis in lateral cervical nodes though without performing VI area neck dissection (40.5%), and the survival rate of 5 years was 99.3%. The recurrence rate in the neck of group two was 6.0% (7/116). The metastasis rate of neck lymph node was higher in group A (54.9%) than group B(40.5%). Conclu-sion : Pretracheal and peripheral recurrent nerve lymph node are very susceptible to the metastasis of well-differenti-ated papillary thyroid cancer. The neck dissection of VI area could be performed as routine.

The relationship between sleep episode and hypoxemia which following it in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and its clinical significance / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the relationship between sleep respiratory events and hypoxemia following obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and its clinical significance.@*METHOD@#Forty-five patients suffered from snoring and suspected of sleep breathing disorders were measured by a Chinese version of Epworth Sleepiness Scale and tested by polysomnography all night long. Some ordinary polysomnographic parameters were recorded in all cases as well as the delay period of desaturation which means the duration from the beginning of sleep respiratory events to the beginning of the following desaturation.@*RESULT@#Forty-five patients were all suffered from obstructive sleep respiratory events. The mean delay period of desaturation in group of middle OSAHS was longer than that in group of normal snorers (P0.05), and the difference between patients with middle OSAHS and patients with severe OSAHS as well (P>0.05). The mean delay period of desaturation had a positive relationship with AHI (r = 0.608, P<0.01) and a negative relationship with lowest SaO2 (LSaO2) (r = - 0.543, P<0.01). The relationship between total scores of the 7 questions of Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS7) with the mean delay period of desaturation (r = 0.689, P<0.01) was significantly higher than that with AHI and LSaO2 (r = 0.486, P<0.01; r = - 0.422, P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The delay period of desaturation is a sensitive parameter which describe oxygen desaturation following obstructive sleep respiratory events. The mean delay period of desaturation in group of middle and severe OSAHS was much longer than that in group of normal snorers as well as mild OSAHS. Furthermore, the mean delay period of desaturation has a closely relationship with AHI and LSaO2. And it was highly associated with ESS7 than AHI and LSaO2. Based on it, the mean delay period of desaturation may provide valuable information in evaluating the severity of the patients with OSAHS. It may evaluate the severity of daytime sleepiness better than AHI and LSaO2.

Endoscopic anatomy research related to transsphenoidal optic nerve decompression / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the anatomical relationship among optic nerve, posterior ethmoid sinus and ophthalmic artery to further provide surgical instruction for endoscopic transsphenoidal optic nerve decompression.@*METHOD@#Messerklinger technique was adopted in eight cases of adult cadaveric head to expose the posterior ethmoid sinus and sphenoid sinus. The optic-carotid recess and optic canal were identified. The adjacent structure of optic canal was observed. After removal of the bony wall of optic canal, the relationship between the optic nerve and the ophthalmic artery was disrupted.@*RESULT@#the optic-carotid recess was observed in all specimens. The occurrence of optic nerve prominence was 62%. Three patterns of the syntropy of optic nerve were observed. Optic nerve was border by posterior ethmoid sinus anteriorly and sphenoid sinus posteriorly in 8 cases (50%), by sphenoid sinus in 5 (31%), and by posterior ethmoid sinus in 3 (19%). At the cranial end, The ophthalmic artery was observed, 9 (56%) inferior-medially, 4 (25%) inferiorly and 3 (19%) inferior-laterally relative to optic nerve. At the ophthalmic end, the artery was observed 3 (19%) inferiorly and 13 (81%) inferior-laterally relative to optic nerve.@*CONCLUSION@#The optic-carotid recess can be regarded as the first landmark. The ophthalmic artery injury should be avoided with regard to its relationship with optic nerve during endoscopic decompression surgery.

Significance of modified radical neck dissection in papillary thyroid carcinoma / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the recurrence of the neck and survival incidence of clinically possible positive lateral cervical nodes in patients with well-differentiated papillary thyroid cancer and the essentiality of the perforation of modified radical neck dissection.@*METHOD@#Retrospective datum of 267 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma were collected and analyzed. They were divided into two groups with time; selective neck dissection with VI area was performed in 151 cases of group A and selective neck dissection was performed without VI area in 116 cased of group B. They were received the same treatment in the thyroid--total thyroidectomy on initial part and subtotal thyroidectomy on the other, and total thyroidectomy on both parts if both were invited. Incidence of positive lateral cervical nodes of VI area in group A and the recurrence in the neck and survival incidence in groups B were analyzed.@*RESULT@#Fifty nine patients in group A were treated with the modified radical neck dissection, and 22 patients of them were found metastasis in lateral cervical nodes with VI area. The other 92 patients were treated with neck dissection of II, III, IV, VI area, and 31 patients weren't metastasis, 33 patients were metastasis in both VI area and the others (35.8%), 17 patients were metastasis only in VI area (18.4%), 11 patients weren't metastasis only in VI area (11.9%). Thus, the incident of metastasis in VI area was 47.70% in group A (72/151). 47 patients in group B had metastasis in lateral cervical nodes though without performing VI area neck dissection (40.5%), and the survival rate of 5 years was 99.3%. The recurrence rate in the neck of group two was 6.0% (7/116). The metastasis rate of neck lymph node was higher in group A (54.9%) than group B (40.5%).@*CONCLUSION@#Pretracheal and peripheral recurrent nerve lymph node are very susceptible to the metastasis of well-differentiated papillary thyroid cancer. The neck dissection of VI area could be performed as routine.

Management of the sentinel lymph node of papillary thyroid carcinoma in surgery / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the value of sentinel lymph node of papillary thyroid carcinoma exploring and measuring in the metastasis of the cervical lymph node of thyroid carcinoma.@*METHOD@#The sentinel lymph node were investigated by injecting the methylene blue around 25 cases of thyroid tumors. The lymph nodes dyed in blue and obtained from selective lymph node dissection were examined by pathology, respectively. The value of the sentinel lymph nod were evaluated.@*RESULT@#The sentinel lymph nodes dyed in blue were identified in 22 cases which account for 88.0% of all the 25 cases. Nineteen cases of the sentinel lymph node were positive by pathology, of whom 13 cases were verified positive in other area. Six cases were negative.@*CONCLUSION@#It is of great value that sentinel lymph node of thyroid carcinoma can indicate the metastasis of the cervical lymph node of thyroid carcinoma.

The Expression of GluR2/3 in Cochlear Nucleus of Different Age SD Rat / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of ?-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid(AMPA) receptor subunit proteins GluR2/3 in the postnatal rat cochlear nucleus(CN), and the relationship with the auditory brainstem response(ABR).Methods The thresholds of ABR of different age SD rats were recorded respectively,and the expression of GluR2/3 in CN was detected with FITC-immunocytochemistry.Results ①P1w SD rats did not show ABR wave, and there was no significant difference in the ABR threshold among P4w,P9w and P15w SD rats. ②GluR2/3 was expressed in all sorts of neurons of CN of every postnatal groups, the expression of P4w rats was denser than that of P1w, P9w and P15w rats. The immunostaining of P4w rats was located at the cell membrance, while P9w and P15w rats in the endochylema majoritily. Conclusion The different expression and distribution of GluR2/3 in different age rat CN may be involved in the development of auditory centre.

Analysis of Hearing Results of Patients after Different Type Tympanoplasty / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective The aim of this study is to compare the gains accomplished from different tympanoplasty based upon a review of patient records.Methods The charts of 137 patients who underwent different tympanoplasty operations were reviewed.They were divided into three groups.Group I,26 cases(26 ears) of tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy;group II,61 cases(62 ears) of tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy;group III,48 cases(49 ears) of myringoplasty.The hearing outcomes after dry ear were analyzed.Nonparametric statistics was used to determine group differences.A probability value of P