A heart sound classification method based on complete ensemble empirical modal decomposition with adaptive noise permutation entropy and support vector machine / 生物医学工程学杂志

Heart sound signal is a kind of physiological signal with nonlinear and nonstationary features. In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the phonocardiogram (PCG) classification, a new method was proposed by means of support vector machine (SVM) in which the complete ensemble empirical modal decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) permutation entropy was as the eigenvector of heart sound signal. Firstly, the PCG was decomposed by CEEMDAN into a number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) from high to low frequency. Secondly, the IMFs were sifted according to the correlation coefficient, energy factor and signal-to-noise ratio. Then the instantaneous frequency was extracted by Hilbert transform, and its permutation entropy was constituted into eigenvector. Finally, the accuracy of the method was verified by using a hundred PCG samples selected from the 2016 PhysioNet/CinC Challenge. The results showed that the accuracy rate of the proposed method could reach up to 87%. In comparison with the traditional EMD and EEMD permutation entropy methods, the accuracy rate was increased by 18%-24%, which demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed method.

Unqualified rate of anti-HIV detection in the laboratories from blood banks in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the unqualified rate of anti-HIV detection of blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and explore the differences in anti-HIV detection ability and influencing factors in each laboratory. 【Methods】 Through filling questionnaires via e-mail, the anti-HIV ELISA unqualified rate and confirmed (WB) positive results (data) from January to December 2018 from 15 blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region were collected. Our laboratory was responsible for data collection and confirmation, and statistics software SPSS22.0 was used for analysis. 【Results】 1) There was a statistically significant difference among the unqualified rate of anti-HIV ELISA(6.77‱~35.71‱) and confirmed positive rate(0.60‱~3.56‱) in 15 blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (P<0.05); 2) There were significant differencse among the ELISA unqualified rate and the confirmed positive rate of 8 reagents for anti-HIV detection(P<0.01), and the sensitivity of the 4th generation detection reagent and the imported reagent was higher than that of the 3rd generation reagent and the domestic reagent. The anti-HIV ELISA unqualified rate of R5 was the highest (19.08‱). 3)There were significant differences in the anti-HIV ELISA unqualified rate of R1, R2, R3, R5 and R7 reagents among different blood station laboratories(P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in the anti-HIV ELISA unqualified rate of R4, R6 and R8 reagents among different blood station laboratories(P>0.05). 4)The unqualified rate of anti-HIV ELISA of laboratories using different regents showed significant differences(P<0.05), except H, J, M. The unqualified rate of imported reagent was significantly higher than that of domestic reagents of laboratories using imported and domestic reagents combinations(P<0.05), except O. 62.5% (5/8) laboratories using domestic 3rd and 4th generation reagent combination showed significant differences in the unqualified rates among different reagents(P<0.05); 5) The positive rate of single-reagent(62.02%~95.45%)in 15 blood screening laboratories showed significant difference(P<0.001), and A was the lowest (62.02%). 【Conclusion】 The anti-HIV detection ability among 15 blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is quite different. The application of different reagents is the main factor for the difference, and other factors such as personnel, instruments and test strategies also has a great impact on the detection of anti-HIV. It is still necessary to promote the process of homogenization of blood testing quality among blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

Source analysis of lymphocytes secreting interleukin-22 from spleen of mice infected with Trichinella spiralis at the early encapsulated stage / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the cell origin of interleukin (IL)-22-secreting cell of mice infected with Trichinella spiralis (T.spiralis) at the early encapsulated stage.Methods Twelve Balb/c mice were divided into the infected group and the control group according to body weight by random number table.The infected mice were intragastrically administrated with 300 muscle larvae of T.spiralis,and the control mice were given the same amount of normal saline.The IL-22-secreting cell subsets in mouse splenic lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry at the fourth week after infection.Results The proportion of IL-22-secreting cells in splenic lymphocytes of T.spiralis infected mice was increased when compared with control group [(0.88 ± 0.25)％ vs (0.28 ±0.17)％,t =-4.899,P ＜ 0.05].There was no significant difference between the proportion of CD3+IL-22+ cells and CD3-IL-22+ cells in the splenic lymphocytes of the infected group [(0.29 ± 0.17)％ vs (0.51 ± 0.17)％,t =-2.195,P ＞ 0.05],and the percentage of CD3-IL-22+ cells were similar between the infected group and the control group [(0.51 ± 0.17)％ vs (0.44 ± 0.22)％,t =-0.600,P ＞ 0.05].The proportion of CD3+IL-22+ cells in the infected group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(0.29 ± 0.17)％ vs (0.07 ± 0.06)％,t =-3.068,P ＜ 0.05],and the percentage of CD4+IL-22+ T cells and γδTCR+IL-22+ T cells were obviously increased in CD3+ lymphocytes [(1.28 ± 0.54)％ vs (0.16 ± 0.07)％,(0.33 ± 0.22)％ vs (0.02 ± 0.00)％,t =-4.997,-3.342,P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions The proportion of IL-22-secreting splenic lymphocytes is increased in mice infected with T.spiralis at the early encapsulated stage.The rise is caused by increased numbers of IL-22-secreting CD3 + lymphocytes,especially CD4+ T cells and γδT cells.

Relationship between factors of gross tumor volume and locoregional failure of radical intensity-modulated radiation therapy for esophageal carcinoma / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective Investigate the relationship between gross tumor volume (GTV)-related factors including GTV-T volume,the maximum thickness of the esophageal lesion plane and GTV-T volume/length(GTV-T volume divided by the length of the lesion calculated by the number of GTV-T layers) and the locoregional failure of radical intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for esophageal carcinoma.Methods A total of 133 patients with esophageal cancer undergoing radical IMRT were enrolled.The factors related to GTV-T including GTV-T volume,the maximum thickness of the esophageal lesions,GTV-T volume/length were calculated.The relationship between GTV-T related factors and local recurrence of tumors was retrospectively analyzed.Results There was positively linear association between the locoregional failure rate of GTV-T and the volume of GTV-T.The volume of GTV-T tumor was 36 cm3,the maximum wall thickness was 2.5 cm,and the GTV-T volume/length was calculated as 5.3 cm2.These critical values could be utilized to predict the risk of locoregional failure of IMRT for esophageal carcinoma.Conclusions The GTV-T factors can be adopted to predict the local control and the risk of locoregional failure of radical IMRT for esophageal carcinoma to certain extent.

Analysis of influencing factors of carotid atherosclerosis plaque formation and stability in simple type 2 diabetic patients / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To explore the related influencing factors of carotid atherosclerosis (AS) plaque formation and stability in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to provide scientific evidence for early prevention and treatment. Methods: A total of 249 cases of simple T2DM patients were selected. According to the results of carotid artery color Doppler ultrasound, they were divided into AS group, stable plaque group and unstable plaque group. The differences in physicochemical indexes and life style of the patients were compared between three groups; univariate analysis and Logistic regression analysis were used to screen the related influencing factors of carotid AS plaque formation and stability of the T2DM patients. Results: The univariate analysis showed that age, fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc), non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (NHDL-C), monocyte/high density lipoprotein ratio (MHR), smoking ratio (Smoking%), T2DM disease course, high density lipoprotein protein cholesterol (HDL-C) had significant differences between AS group and plague group (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the values of postprandial blood glucose (PBG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), HbAlc, MHR, Smoking% and HDL-C of the patients in stable plaque group and unstable plaque group (P<0.05). The Logistic regression analysis showed that high age, HbAlc, NHDL-C, MHR and smoking were the risk factors of the plaque formation and high HDL-C was a protective factor of plaque formation (Age: OR=l. 62, P=0. Oil; HbAlc: OR=l. 25, P=0.027; HDL-C: OR=0.65, P = 0.009; MHR: OR= 3.50, P= 0.000; Smoking: OR=2.28, P = 0.009; NHDL-C: OR=l. 39, P = 0.028). High SBP, LDL-C, MHR and smoking were the risk factors of unstable plaque formation, and high HDL-C was a protective factor of unstable plaque formation (SBP: OR=l. 57, P = 0.003; LDL-C: OR=l. 99, P = 0.000; MHR: OR=3.88, P = 0.000; Smoking: OR = 2.01, P = 0.001; HDL-C: OR=0.53, P=0.001). Conclusion: For the patients with simple T2DM and carotid AS plaque, blood lipid, blood pressure and smoking cessation should be emphasized and HDL-C level should be increased, which can effectively prevent the formation of AS plaque and stabilize the plaque.

Clinical significance of monitoring the serum levels of Tg and TgAb in the 131I ablation therapy for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of monitoring the serum levels of Thyroglobulin (Tg) and Thyroglobulin Autoantibody (TgAb) in the 131I ablation therapy for patients with differentiated thyroidcarcinoma (DTC).Methods 102 patients with DTC treated by 131I ablation therapy in our hospital from May 2014 to July 2016 were selected.The serum levels of Tg and TgAb were detected by radioimmunoassay before 131I ablation therapy,6 months after I 13 1I ablation therapy and 12 months after 131I ablation therapy.The body imaging were performed at seventh days after 1311 ablation therapy.Results The serum levels of Tg and TgAb at 6 months and 12 months after surgery were significantly lower than those before operation,and the difference were statistically significant (t =9.260,17.507,2.534,4.797,P ＜ 0.05).The serum levels of Tg and TgAb in metastasis group were higher than that in non-metastasis group (t =10.257,7.353,P ＜0.05).The serum levels of Tg and TgAb in the effective group were lower than those in the ineffective group,and the difference were statistically significant (t =7.325,4.978,P ＜ 0.05).The positive rate of Tg combined with TgAb was similar with 131I-WBS screening methods and the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The positive rate of Tg screening method and the positive rate of TgAb were higher than that of 131I-WBS screening method,but the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The level of serum Tg and TgAb is an important reference index for the efficacy,metastasis and recurrence of DTC after operation,and Tg combined with TgAb has a higher accuracy in the screening prognosis of DTC after operation.

New Quality Standard for Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus / 中国药师

Objective: To establish a new standard for the quality evaluation of Schisandrae chinensis Fructus. Methods: On the basis of the 2015 edition pharmacopoeia standard of Schisandrae chinensis Fructus, some testing items including the characteristic chro-matogram (HPLC) and total lignans content (UV) were established. Results: With schizandrin as the reference material, the HPLC specific chromatograms of Schisandrae chinensis Fructus including 7 characteristic peaks were established. The content of total lignans in Schisandrae chinensis Fructus was not less than 1. 8% with schizandrin as the standard. Conclusion: The proposed quality evalua-tion standard is more comprehensive and reproducible. It can provide a more scientific evaluation tool for the quality evaluation of Schisandrae chinensis Fructus and its related preparations.

Clinical value of single photon emission computed tomography imaging in differential diagnosis of neonatal obstructive jaundice / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate and explore the clinical value of single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) imaging in the differential diagnosis of neonatal obstructive jaundice.Methods From January 2012 to April 2017,130 cases of suspected neonatal obstructive jaundice in the First Hospital of Jiaxing were enrolled in the study.All patients were given SPECT hepatobiliary scintigraphy,were injected 99mTc-EHIDA imaging agent,99mTc-MIBI imaging agent,diagnosis of hepatobiliary scintigraphy after the acquisition.The result of operative cholangiography was viewed as the gold standard,the diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,accuracy of simple 99mTc-EHIDA SPECT imaging examination,combined with SPECT imaging agent in the diagnosis of neonatal obstructive jaundice were calculated and compared.The coincidence rate of differential diagnosis of different etiologies of neonatal obstructive jaundice was also compared.Results The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of combined with SPECT imaging agent in the diagnosis of neonatal obstructive jaundice were 94.23％,96.15％,94.61％,respectively,which of simple 99mTc-EHIDA imaging agent SPECT were 83.65％,76.92％,82.31％,respectively,the differences were statistically significant(x2 =5.915,4.127,9.646,all P ＜ 0.05).The coincidence rates of extrahepatic biliary atresia,hepatitis syndrome of the two kinds of SPECT imaging agents combined examination were 96.05％,96.43％,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the 99mTc-EHIDA imaging agent SPECT examination (84.21％,85.00％) (x2 =5.991,5.250,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion SPECT imaging in the diagnosis of neonatal obstructive jaundice has high sensitivity and accuracy,especially in combination with 99mTc-EHIDA imaging agent,99mTc-MIBI imaging agent can identify and distinguish different causes of jaundice,and provide a reliable basis for clinical treatment.

Analysis of influencing factors of carotid atherosclerosis plaque formation and stability in simple type 2 diabetic patients / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To explore the related influencing factors of carotid atherosclerosis(AS)plaque formation and stability in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),and to provide scientific evidence for early prevention and treatment.Methods:A total of 249 cases of simple T2DM patients were selected.According to the results of carotid artery color Doppler ultrasound,they were divided into AS group,stable plaque group and unstable plaque group.The differences in physicochemical indexes and life style of the patients were compared between three groups;univariate analysis and Logistic regression analysis were used to screen the related influencing factors of carotid AS plaque formation and stability of the T2DM patients.Results:The univariate analysis showed that age,fasting blood glucose(FBG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (NHDL-C),monocyte/ high density lipoprotein ratio(MHR),smoking ratio(Smoking%),T2DM disease course,high density lipoprotein protein cholesterol(HDL-C)had significant differences between AS group and plague group(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the values of postprandial blood glucose(PBG), systolic blood pressure(SBP),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),HbA1c,MHR,Smoking% and HDL-C of the patients in stable plaque group and unstable plaque group(P<0.05).The Logistic regression analysis showed that high age,HbA1c,NHDL-C,MHR and smoking were the risk factors of the plaque formation and high HDL-C was a protective factor of plaque formation(Age:OR=1.62,P=0.011;HbA1c:OR=1.25, P=0.027;HDL-C:OR=0.65,P=0.009;MHR:OR=3.50,P=0.000;Smoking:OR=2.28,P=0.009;NHDL-C:OR=1.39,P=0.028).High SBP,LDL-C,MHR and smoking were the risk factors of unstable plaque formation,and high HDL-C was a protective factor of unstable plaque formation(SBP:OR=1.5 7,P=0.003;LDL-C:OR=1.99,P=0.000;MHR:OR=3.88,P=0.000;Smoking:OR=2.01,P=0.001;HDL-C:OR=0.53,P=0.001).Conclusion:For the patients with simple T2DM and carotid AS plaque,blood lipid,blood pressure and smoking cessation should be emphasized and HDL-C level should be increased,which can effectively prevent the formation of AS plaque and stabilize the plaque.

Electroacupuncture and nerve and tendon gliding exercises can relieve mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture and nerve and tendon gliding exercises on mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome.Methods Forty patients with mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,each of 20.Both groups were given neurotrophic drugs.The observation group was additionally provided with electroacupuncture and nerve and tendon gliding exercises,while the control group was given routine health education for 4 weeks.The Boston carpal tunnel syndrome questionnaire (BCTQ),a visual analogue scale (VAS),thumb and middle finger to wrist motor conduction velocity (MCV),sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs),median nerve distal motor latency (DML) and the amplitude of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of the musculi abductor pollicis brevis were evaluated.Results There were no significant differences in any of the measurements between the two groups before the treatment.After four weeks of treatment,significantly better improvement was observed in the average SCV of the thumb and wrist,the SCV of the digitus medius and wrist,the SNAP of the thumb and wrist,the SNAP of the digitus medius and wrist,the DML of the nervus medianus and the CMAP of the abductor pollicis brevis in the observation group compared to before the treatment and compared to the control group.Moreover,there was a significant decrease in the observation group's average BCTQ symptom score and function score and in their VAS ratings.However,in the control group significant differences were only found in the average SCV of the thumb and wrist,the DML of the nervus medianus and in their VAS ratings.Conclusions Electroacupuncture and nerve and tendon gliding exercises can significantly relieve symptoms and restore hand function.They are worth applying in clinical practice.

Molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium infection in infants with diar-rhea in Wuhan City / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in diarrhea infants under 2 years old in Wuhan City,so as to provide the epidemiological evidence for the prevention and treatment of cryptosporidiosis. Methods The fecal samples from infants under 2 years old with diarrhea were collected in Hubei General Hospital and Central South Hospital in Wuhan City,Hubei Province from August 2014 to July 2015. The fecal samples were stored in 2.5%potassium dichromate at 4℃after filtered. The DNA was extracted from the fecal pellets with the phenol-chloroform method. The Cryptosporidium species were detected by a nested PCR assay targeting the SSU rRNA gene of the parasite. All the positive PCR products were sequenced on ABI 3100 automated sequencer,and the amplified sequences were compared to homologous sequences in the NCBI database by using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool(BLAST). Phylogenetic analyses were performed by using the software MEGA (version 4.0)based on the Neighbour-Joining method. Results The human stool specimens(n=298)were screened for the presence of Cryptosporidium by nested PCR. The infection rate of Cryptosporidium was 3.02%(9/298). The infection rate of Cryp-tosporidium was 5.93%(7/118)in the infants between 1-2 years old,and the infection rate was 1.11%(2/180)in the infants un-der 1 year old,and there was a significant difference between the two groups(χ2 =4.13,P<0.05). The nine samples which were positive by nested PCR were successfully sequenced and compared with the reference sequences in GenBank. The results revealed the nine positive specimens were all infected with C. parvum,and two of them were co-infected with C. hominis. Neigh-bor-joining trees were constructed from the aligned partial SSU rRNA sequences of these nine isolates,and in the SSU rRNA lo-cus,the nine isolates were grouped with C. parvum. Conclusion There exists Cryptosporidium infection in the infants under 2 years old with diarrhea in Wuhan City,and the main species of Cryptosporidium is C. parvum.

Preliminary Study on Interaction Mechanism among Several Natural Products And CASP3 Target / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to illustrate the interaction mechanism between Chinese herbal medicines and CASP3 target,and to analyze the structural characteristics of CASP3 inhibitors.Molecular docking,molecular dynamics and binding energy were employed to analyze the interactions and mechanism between CASP3 target and ligands which were screened from a series of nature products.The results showed that the binding forces of tanshinone ⅡA and scutellarin with CASP3 target were stronger than others.And the theoretical stable structures of tanshinone ⅡA and scutellarin combined with CASP3 target were obtained by molecular dynamics method.It also can be found that hydrophobic interaction was crucial for tanshinone ⅡA binding to amino acid residues of CASP3 such as Phe256,Ser205 and Trp206.Meanwhile,one hydrogen bond was formed between ligand and receptor.The main interactions between scutellarin and CASP3 target were found to arise from hydrophobic effect in ligand and nine amino acid residues of receptor (such as Ser249,Trp214,and Trp206),four hydrogen bonds with different stabilities and electrostatic interaction.It was concluded that tanshinone ⅡA and scutellarin can form stable structures with CASP3 target.And their similar structures may be useful to screen effective CASP3 inhibitors.

Effects of gross tumor volume and positive lymph node volume on prognosis of intensity-modulated radiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To analyze the effects of gross tumor volume(GTV-T)and positive lymph node volume(GTV-LN)on the prognosis of radical concurrent chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC). Methods A total of 79 patients with stage N1ESCC undergoing radical radiotherapy in our hospital from 2012 to 2015 were enrolled as subjects. GTV-T and GTV-LN were calculated by the Pinnacle39.0 treatment planning system. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to evaluate the value of the GTV-LN/GTV-T ratio in the prediction of local recurrence(LR)and distant metastasis(DM)of ESCC. Results The median follow-up time was 17.2 months in all patients. The ROC curves were made using the GTV-LN/GTV-T ratio. The optimal cut-off values of GTV-LN/GTV-T ratio for predicting the risk of LR and DM were 0.34 and 0.59, respectively. The statistical analysis revealed that the LR rates were 50% and 8% in patients with GTV-LN/GTV-T ratios of<0.34 and ≥0.34, respectively(P<0.01), while the DM rates were 11% and 43% in patients with GTV-LN/GTV-T ratios of<0.59 and ≥0.59, respectively(P= 0.003). Conclusions The GTV-LN/GTV-T ratio may be a predictor of LR and DM in patients with ESCC. Further studies on the GTV-LN/GTV-T ratio may help to make personalized chemoradiotherapy strategies for patients with ESCC.

An analysis of risk factors for esophageal fistula and fatal bleeding after intensity-modulated radiotherapy for esophageal cancer / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To evaluate the incidence of and risk factors for esophageal fistula and fatal bleeding after intensity?modulated radiotherapy ( IMRT) for esophageal cancer. Methods Clinical data were collected from 128 patients with esophageal cancer who received radical IMRT in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2014. According to the incidence of esophageal fistula and fatal bleeding, those patients were divided into control group ( n= 105 ) and severe complications group ( n= 23 ) . In the severe complications group,12 patients had esophageal fistula and 11 fatal bleeding. Between?group comparison was made by χ2 test. The Cox model was used for the multivariate analysis. Results Chest and back pain in the initial diagnosis,clinical stage cT4 ,tumor type ( ulcerative) ,gross tumor volume ( GTV)>50 cm3 ,and GTV maximum diameter>2?45 cm were risk factors for esophageal fistula and fatal bleeding after radiotherapy for esophageal cancer (P=0?042,0?042,0?019,0?046,0?002).The multivariate analysis showed that tumor type ( ulcerative) and GTV maximum diameter were independent risk factors for esophageal fistula and fatal bleeding ( P=0?010,HR=0?329,95% CI:0?142?0?763;P=0?009,HR=3?805,95% CI:1?404?10?312) . Conclusions The efficacy of IMRT is severely restricted by the incidence of esophageal fistula and fatal bleeding. For patients with an ulcerative type of esophageal cancer or a GTV max diameter of>2?45 cm,the chemoradiotherapy plan should be optimized to reduce the risk of severe complications.

Effect of mild hypothermia on expression of small ubiquitin-like modifier-specific proteases 3 in brain tissues during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in mice / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of mild hypothermia on the expression of small ubiquitin-like modifier-specific proteases 3 (SENP3) in the brain tissues during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in mice.Methods Ninety-six male C57/BL6 mice,aged 10-12 weeks,weighing 22-30 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =32 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),group I/R,and mild hypothermia group (group H).Cerebral I/R was produced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries for 15 min followed by reperfusion.The surface cooling was started immediately after reperfusion,and the rectal temperature was maintained at 32-34 ℃ for 3 h.At 6,12,24 and 72 h of reperfusion,8 mice were selected from each group and sacrificed.The hippocampi were removed for examination of the pathological changes (with light microscope) and for determination of cell apoptosis (using TUNEL) and expression of SENP3 (by Western blot).The apoptosis rate was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the apoptosis rate in hippocampal CA1 region was significantly increased,and the expression of SENP3 was significantly up-regulated at each time point of reperfusion in group I/R (P＜0.05).Compared with group I/R,the apoptosis rate in hippocampal CA1 region was significantly decreased,and the expression of SENP3 was significantly down-regulated at each time point of reperfusion (P＜0.05),and the pathological changes were significantly reduced in group H.Conclusion The mechanism by which mild hypothermia reduces cerebral I/R injury is associated with inhibition of SENP3 expression in the brain tissues of mice.

Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus of aged mice during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the role of AMP?activated protein kinase ( AMPK) in neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of aged mice during cerebral ischemia?reperfusion ( I∕R ) . Methods Seventy?two male C57∕BL6 mice, aged 18-20 months, weighing 34-36 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=24 each ) using a random number table: sham operation group ( S group ) , I∕R group and AMPK inhibitor compound C group ( CC group) . The cerebral ischemia was produced by 15 min transient occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries followed by reperfusion. In group CC, compound C 20 mg∕kg was injected intraperitoneally immediately after occlusion, while the equal volume of normal saline was given in I∕R group. At 48 h of reperfusion, the mice were sacrificed, and the brains were immediately harvested for examination of pathologic changes in hippocampal CA1 region and for determination of neuronal apoptosis ( using TUNEL) and expression of phosphor?AMPKα ( p?AMPKα) and caspase?3 ( by Western blot) . Results In I∕R and CC groups, the examination showed the pathologic changes in hippocampal CA1 region, the disordered arrangement of pyramidal cells and the nucleus condensation. Compared with S group, the neuronal apoptotic rate was significantly increased, and the expression of p?AMPK and caspase?3 was up?regulated at 48 h of reperfusion in I∕R and CC groups. Compared with I∕R group, the expression of p?AMPK was significantly down?regulated, and no significant change was found in the neuronal apoptotic rate and caspase?3 expression in CC group. Conclusion AMPK is not involved in neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of aged mice during cerebral I∕R.

Effect of electroacupuncture preconditioning on activity of AMP-activated protein kinase in hippocampal neurons during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in mice / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) preconditioning on activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in hippocampal neurons during cerebral ischemiareperfusion (I/R) in mice.Methods A total of 60 male C57BL6 mice,aged 7 weeks,weighing 20-22 g,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=12 each) using a random number table:control group (C group),sham operation group (S group),I/R group,acupuncture at acupoint Baihui preconditioning group (EA + I/R group),and acupuncture at non-acupoint preconditioning group (NEA + I/R group).Baihui acupoints were stimulated with electric stimulator (frequency 2 Hz/15 Hz,intensity 1 mA) for 30 min once a day for 5 consecutive days.At 24 h after the last stimulation,the model of cerebral I/R injury was established.Bilateral common carotid arteries were occluded by clipping for 15 min followed by reperfusion.Neurological deficit score (NDS) was assessed at 3 days after operation.Then the mice were sacrificed and the brains were immediately harvested for microscopic examination and for determination of apoptosis in hippocampal neurons (using TUNEL) and expression of phosphor-AMPKα (pAMPKα) and caspase-3 (by Western blot).Results Compared with group C,NDS and the number of apoptotic neurons in hippocampal CA1 region were significantly increased,and the expression of pAMPKα and caspase-3 was up-regulated in I/R and EA+I/R groups,and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group S.Compared with group I/R,NDS and the number of apoptotic neurons in hippocampal CA1 region were significantly increased,the expression of pAMPKα was up-regulated,and the expression of caspase-3 was down-regulated in group EA +I/R,and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group NEA+I/R.The pathological changes in hippocampal CA1 region were significantly attenuated in group EA + I/R as compared with group I/R.Conclusion The mechanism by which EA preconditioning mitigates apoptosis in hippocampal neurons during cerebral I/R is related to promotion of AMPK activation in mice.

Status analysis of prevailing strains of non-EV71 and non-CA16 enteroviruse / 重庆医学

Objective To investigatethe constituents of enteroviruse which can cause hand‐foot‐and‐mouth disease(HFMD) ,and prevent against the development of new prevailing strains and provide basis for prevention and control of HFMD in Luoyang city . Methods Reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was used to identify the type of RNA of stool specimen of HFMD cases in Luoyang ,to distinguish the subtype of strain ,9 enterovirus‐positive specimens which coxcackie virusA16(CA16)‐and enterovirus71(EV71)‐negative were selected randomly for 5′UTR sequencing .strain‐specific primers were used to detect posi‐tive samples in 75 CA16‐ and EV71‐negative but other enterovirus‐positive specimens by using real time RT‐PCR .Composition characteristics of CA6 were further analyzed .Results Primary screening was conducted with the results of 5′UTR sequencing of 9 commonent erovirus‐positive specimens and there were 5 CA6‐positive ,which were prevailing strains;there were 20 CA6‐positive of 75 commonenterovirus‐positive specimens ,the proportion of CA6‐positive in enterovirus‐positive specimens was 29 .76% (25/84) . Thirteen samples were collected from male and 12 from female ,2 cases resulted in severe symptoms ,5 from city and 20 from coun‐try .Conclusion The composition of commonent erovirus which results in HFMD was complex and the proportion of CA6 was higher ,which should be pay more attention .

Rlationship between C-C chemokine receptor type 2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in the dorsal root ganglion of rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between C-C chemokinereceptor type 2 (CCR2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling pathway in the dorsal root ganglion of rats and further clarify the mechanism of inflammatory pain.Methods Sevemy-two female Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 150-180 g,aged 3-4 months,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),inflammatory pain group (IP group) and CCR2 inhibitor RS102895 group (group RS).Inflammatory pain was induced by subcutaneous injection of Freund's adjuvant 100μl into the plantar surface of the right hindpaw.RS102895 20 mg/kg was injected subcutaneously once a day for 7 consecutive days in addition to Freund's adjuvant in group RS.Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured before injection and at 1,3,5 and 7 days after injection.At 3,5 and 7 days after injection,8 rats in each group were sacrificed and the dorsal root ganglions were removed for determination of the expression of CCR2 and phosphor-p38MAPK (p-p38MAPK) (by immuno-histochemical staining),and CCR2 and p38MAPK mRNA (using fluorescent quantitative PCR).Immuno-histochemical staining was scored.Results Compared with group C,MWT was significantly decreased after injection,the number of p-p38MAPK positive neurons and immuno-histochemical staining score were increased,and CCR2 and p38MAPK mRNA expression was up-regulated in IP and RS groups.Compared with group IP,MWT was significantly increased after injection,the number of p-p38MAPK positive neurons and immuno-histochemical staining score were decreased,and CCR2 and p3gMAPK mRNAexpression was down-regulated in RS group.Conclusion CCR2 in the dorsal root ganglion is involved in the development of inflammato pain possibility through activating p38MAPK signaling pathway in rats.

Effect of electro-acupuncture pretreatment on endoplasmic reticulum stress during global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of electro-acupuncture pretreatment on endoplasmic reticulum stress during global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R ) in rats .Methods One hundred and forty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats ,weighing 400-500 g ,were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=48 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S ) , I/R group and electro-acupuncture pretreatment group (group EA) .Global cerebral I/R was induced by 4-vessel occlusion method .Bilateral vertebral arteries were permanently occluded by cauterization and bilateral carotid arteries were occluded for 5 min , followed by reperfusion .Electro-acupuncture of Dazhui and Baihui acupoints lasting for 30 min was performed once a day for 5 consecutive days starting from 5 days before ischemia in group EA .At 6 ,12 ,24 and 48 h of reperfusion ,12 rats were sacrificed in each group and hippocampi were removed for microscopic examination and for determination of apoptosis rate (by TUNEL ) and expression of growth arrest-and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153 ) protein (by Western blot ) .Results Compared with group S ,the apoptosis rate was significantly increased and the expression of GADD153 protein was up-regulated at 6 ,12 ,24 and 48 h of reperfusion in I/R and EA groups ( P<0.05) .Compared with group I/R ,the apoptosis rate was significantly decreased and the expression of GADD 153 protein was down-regulated at 6 ,12 ,24 and 48 h of reperfusion in group EA ( P< 0.05) .The pathological changes were significantly attenuated in group EA as compared with group I/R .Conclusion Electro-acupuncture pretreatment can down-regulate the expression of GADD 153 protein , reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress , and decrease cell apoptosis ,thus attenuating global cerebral I/R injury in rats .