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Objective To investigate the distribution of blood lipid of elderly population in high fluorideareas,and compare blood lipid levels in the same age in China.Methods The study used 541 elderly people over 70 years of age who lived in Xiaotangshan for more than 10 years up to 2017.Fasting blood (3 ml) samples were taken,and their cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL)were detected,respectively.The results were analyzed and compared with the blood lipid levels of adults over 70 years old in 2010.Results In this study,a total of 541 elderly people over 70 years old,with age of (74.98 ± 4.67)years,were surveyed.There were 246 males,with age of (75.13 ± 4.69) years and 295 females,with age of (74.86 ±4.66) years.The blood TC,TG,HDL and LDL were (4.87 ± 1.07),(1.53 ± 0.93),(1.33 ± 0.31) and (2.60 ± 0.73)mmol/L for the aged people over 70 years old,respectively.The 4 indexes of women over 70 years old were (4.99 ±1.09),(1.67± 1.00),(1.36 ± 0.31) and (2.67 ± 0.75) mmol/L,respectively.Four indicators of women over the age of 70 were higher than those of men [(4.71 ± 1.01),(1.36 ± 0.81),(1.30 ± 0.31),(2.53 ± 0.70) mmol/L,t =3.18,3.95,2.21,2.23,P ＜ 0.05].The levels of blood TC,TG,HDL and LDL were (4.30 ± 1.06),(1.33 ± 1.03),(1.15 ± 0.33)and (2.42 ± 0.78) mmol/L,respectively,in the aged people over 70 years old in the rural areas of China in 2010,and their blood lipid levels were lower than those of people lived in Xiaotangshan area.The differences were statistically significant (t =12.34,5.04,13.80,5.96,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion We should take health education activities because of the high serum lipid level in high fluoride areas of Xiaotangshan area.
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Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens from lower respira-tory tract in patients in intensive care unit (ICU),so as to provide reference for clinical treatment.Methods Distri-bution and antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens isolated from ICU patients’sputum obtained through fiberbron-choscope between 2011 and 2014 were analyzed retrospectively.Results A total of 3 454 pathogenic strains were isolated between January 1 ,2011 and December 31 ,2014,the percentage of gram-negative bacteria,gram-positive bacteria,and fungi were 84.11 %,14.50%,and 1 .39% respectively.The detection rates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp .in 2011 -2014 were 38.46% -73.33% and 26.95% -37.06% respectively. Enterobacteriaceae strains had low resistance rates to imipenem and meropenem (<20.00%);resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii was higher than Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,both had low resistance rates to amikacin(3.32%-37.16%);vancomycin-and linezolid-resistant strains were not found among Staphylo-coccus .In 2011 - 2014,detection rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)were 42.86% -61 .22%,methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcus (MRCNS)were 86.96% - 91 .67%;resistance rates of Enterococcus faecium was higher than Enterococcus faecalis ,vancomycin-resistant strains were not found among Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium ;the major fungus was Candida albicans .Conclusion Anti-microbial resistance of pathogens isolated from lower respiratory tract is getting more serious,clinicians should pay attention to non-antimicrobial infection control strategies in addition to rational use of antimicrobial agents.
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Objective To collect the data of present basic constructive situation of intensive care units (ICUs) in second and tertiary grade hospitals in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and to provide a data base beneficial to the construction of ICUs in the whole region.Methods The information including basic situation of ICUs in a total of 49 second and tertiary grade hospitals as samples in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were investigated by questionnaire survey from December 2012 to April 2013. The contents of questionnaire chiefly included the basic situations of hospitals, ICU constructions, ICU human resources and allocation of equipments.Results Forty-nine questionnaires were sent out, and all of them gave answers, the recovery rate being 100%. In the whole region of Xinjiang, there were 49 second and tertiary grade hospitals with establishment of 66 various types of ICUs. ① Medical unit basic situation: the second grade A hospitals accounted for 59.2%, and the tertiary grade A hospitals, 34.7%. There was a larger proportion of local hospitals (67.3%); most of the hospitals had beds over 500 (57.14%), the designed hospital bed number was 41 403, and 35 442 beds were open up for service (85.60%). ② The ICU basic construction situation: the construction of ICUs concentrated mainly after the year 2000, from 2000 to 2010, a total of 37 units, and from 2010 to 2012, 12 units were constructed; when they opened to the public, the beds were relatively few, and the ICUs containing less than 10 beds occupied 79.00%. In the 66 ICUs surveyed, there were 43 general ICUs, accounting the largest proportion, followed by 7 emergency ICUs, and the least were 1 neurosurgery and 1 cardiac surgery ICU. In the 66 ICUs, all together 765 beds were prepared, but actually 808 beds were opening up to public; most of ICUs had 5 - 20 beds, accounting for 71% in all the ICUs. At present, in the whole Xinjiang region, the rate of beds in ICUs in various grades of hospitals opening to the outside for use accounted for more than 80% of which 56% ICUs were almost turning round fully. ③ ICU human resources situation: totally, there were 484 doctors in ICUs in the whole region, the ratio of full-time doctor to nurses was 1:3.50, the ratio for bed to physician 1:0.55 and the ratio for bed to nurse 1:0.92. The title of doctor was primarily resident, and the various title gradient levels were good. Most doctors graduated from a regular medical college, and the doctors having obtained a master degree were few. The physician professional backgrounds were mainly critical disease medicine, emergency medicine and respiratory medicine, the professional relevance being good; the chief way of ICU physicians to engage in advanced study of their professional training was in China, and generally they joined professional continuing education programs poorly, mostly joining once a year or non at all. The physicians who obtained the identification of Chinese critical care medicine specialist accounted only for 23.56%. ④ ICU equipment allocation situation: according to the requirements of ICU construction guidelines, the equipments must be allocated including bedside monitors (703 units), ventilators (516 units) and infusion pumps (702 units), occupying the highest proportion. In the optional equipments, there were enteral nutritional pump (89 stations), blood glucose monitoring device (57 units) and anti-decubitus mattresses (54 units), the proportion being the largest, bispectral index monitor (2 units), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO, 1 table) and gastric mucosal carbon dioxide tension pHi meter (0 unit), the proportion being the least or non at all.Conclusions In the whole Xinjiang region, the construction of ICUs is still at the developing stage, and needs to further strengthen the standardized construction. The human resources, equipments, etc. are not distributed in balance, and it is necessary to move forward the adjustment to benefit the development of ICUs in the whole region.