Application of three dimensional histological reconstruction technology research testicular descent on mice / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To explore the testicular descent process and temporal morphology and position changes of its neighboring tissues and organs in mice with three dimensional (3D) histological reconstruction technique.Methods:Tissue below the kidney plane of male Kunming mice was harvested on gestation days (GD)15, GD17, GD19, postnatal days (PD)3 and PD7.The tissue was then serially sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Slices were scanned and saved by the PerkinElmer automatic section analysis system.Afterward, Photoshop software was used for image registration and alignment, and 3D-doctor software was employed for 3D reconstruction and analysis.Results:(1)The epididymis enveloped the testis, and the tail of the epididymis was connected with the gubernaculum, but no direct connection was found between the lower pole of the testis and the gubernaculum.During pregnancy, each part of the epididymis and the vas deferens of mice were piled up into a mass, making it hard to identify the epididymis.The gubernaculum leads to " swelled" . After birth, the epididymis became large, elongated, and morphologi-cally recognizable, and the gubernaculum degenerated into fibrous cords.During the whole process, the volume of gubernaculum was significantly smaller than that of testicle.(2)Testicles on both sides were similar in shape and asymmetrical in position.The left testicle was lower than the right testicle, and descended before the right one.During pregnancy, testicles on both sides descended from the lower pole of the kidney, the left testical stopped at the lower part of the bladder.and the right one stopped at middle part of the bladder.After birth, the left testicle dropped below the neck of the bladder.Finally, the left testicle was lower than the right testicle.(3) The epididymis descend prior to the testicles.Throughout the process, the tail of the epididymis descended before the testicles, and it pulled the whole epididymis down.Testicles entered the scrotum along the descending path of the epididymis.After the complete descent, the tail of the epididymis remained below the testicles.Conclusions:Through observation, the testicular descend process in mice includes the following steps.First, the tail of the epididymis is pulled down to the inner ring by the gubernaculum, and the tail and body of the epididymis expand the inner ring and the inguinal canal through their morphological changes.The epididymis then continues to go down into the scrotum and expands it.Finally, the testicles and the head of the epididymis follow the epididymis body and enter the scrotum through the enlarged inner ring and inguinal canal.

Expression and significance of phosphorylated protein kinase B and spleen tyrosine protein kinase in different TNM stages of gastric cancer patients / 中国医师杂志

Objective@#To investigate the expression of phosphorylated protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) and spleen tyrosine protein kinase (Syk) in different tumor node metastasis (TNM) stages of gastric cancer patients.@*Methods@#From January 2015 to April 2018, 82 patients with gastric cancer confirmed by gastroscopy and surgical pathology were enrolled in this study. All patients were selected for cancer tissue, and 30 patients were randomly selected from normal gastric mucosa at 5 cm adjacent to the tumor. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of PKB/AKT and Syk protein. To compare the expression of PKB/AKT and Syk in gastric cancer and adjacent normal tissues, and to analyze the relationship between PKB/AKT and Syk expression and clinicopathological features in gastric cancer tissues, and the correlation between PKB/AKT and Syk and TNM staging of gastric cancer patients.@*Results@#The positive expression rate of PKB/AKT in gastric cancer tissues was higher than that in adjacent tissues (P<0.05). The positive expression rate of Syk was lower than that in adjacent tissues (P<0.05). PKB/Akt and Syk gene expression in gastric cancer were related to histological grade, tumor infiltration, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis (P<0.05), and the expression of PKB/AKT was significantly increased with the increase of TNM staging in gastric cancer patients, and the positive expression of Syk was significantly decreased (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#PKB/AKT is positively correlated with TNM staging of gastric cancer patients. Syk is negatively correlated with TNM staging of gastric cancer patients. The clinical expression of PKB/AKT and Syk can be used to determine the TNM staging of gastric cancer, which provides a strong basis for tumor treatment. It is of great significance in treatment.

Expression and significance of phosphorylated protein kinase B and spleen tyrosine protein kinase in different TNM stages of gastric cancer patients / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of phosphorylated protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) and spleen tyrosine protein kinase (Syk) in different tumor node metastasis (TNM) stages of gastric cancer patients.Methods From January 2015 to April 2018,82 patients with gastric cancer confirmed by gastroscopy and surgical pathology were enrolled in this study.All patients were selected for cancer tissue,and 30 patients were randomly selected from normal gastric mucosa at 5 cm adjacent to the tumor.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of PKB/AKT and Syk protein.To compare the expression of PKB/AKT and Syk in gastric cancer and adjacent normal tissues,and to analyze the relationship between PKB/AKT and Syk expression and clinicopathological features in gastric cancer tissues,and the correlation between PKB/AKT and Syk and TNM staging of gastric cancer patients.Results The positive expression rate of PKB/AKT in gastric cancer tissues was higher than that in adjacent tissues (P ＜ 0.05).The positive expression rate of Syk was lower than that in adjacent tissues (P ＜ 0.05).PKB/Akt and Syk gene expression in gastric cancer were related to histological grade,tumor infiltration,TNM staging,lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis (P ＜ 0.05),and the expression of PKB/AKT was significantly increased with the increase of TNM staging in gastric cancer patients,and the positive expression of Syk was significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions PKB/AKT is positively correlated with TNM staging of gastric cancer patients.Syk is negatively correlated with TNM staging of gastric cancer patients.The clinical expression of PKB/AKT and Syk can be used to determine the TNM staging of gastric cancer,which provides a strong basis for tumor treatment.It is of great significance in treatment.

Predictive factors for postoperative hypocalcemia after reoperation of thyroid cancer / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective Hypothyroidism(HypoPT) is one of the most common complications of thyroid reoperation,and hypocalcemia caused by HypoPT is a difficult problem in clinical practice.This study aims to investigate the risk factors for hypoealcemia after reoperation of thyroid cancer.Methods Data of 106 patients who underwent reoperation for thyroid cancer from 2013 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the parathyroid area involved in the reoperation,the reoperation was graded:low-risk group,intermediate-risk group and high-risk group.Parathyroid hormone(PTH) and total calcium(Ca) levels were monitored at 12 to 24 hours after surgery.The follow-up period was at least 6 months.The PTH cut-off values of postoperative hypocalcemia were analyzed by ROC curve.The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors of postoperative hypocalcemia.Results The incidence of transient HypoPT after reoperation was 35％,and the permanent HypoPT was 1.9％.The grade of reoperation was positively correlated with postoperative HypoPT.The ROC curve showed that the PTH cut-off values of postoperative hypocalcemia was 15 pg/ml and area under curve(AUC) was 0.636(95％ CI:0.530-0.742,P＜0.017).Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that reoperation grade and postoperative PTH＜15 pg/ml were independent risk factors for postoperative hypocalcemia.Conclusion The grade of reoperation and postoperative PTH value ＜15 pg/ml can predict postoperative hypocalcemia.

Expression of long non-coding RNA H19 in gallbladder cancer and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis / 中国医师杂志

Objective@#To investigate the expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)H19 in gallbladder cancer and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis.@*Methods@#74 cases of allbladder cancer resected in our hospital were collected and studied. At the same time, 66 cases of benign gallbladder lesions were selected as benign lesion group. The expression of lncRNA H19 in tissues was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The correlation between lncRNA H19 expression and clinicopathological parameters of gallbladder cancer patients was analyzed.The patients were followed up for 3 years and COX was used to analyze the prognostic factors affecting the survival rate.The survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curve. The survival differences of lncRNA H19 expression groups were detected by Log-Rank method.@*Results@#The expression level of lncRNA H19 in gallbladder cancer was significantly higher than that in benign lesions (P<0.05). The expression of lncRNA H19 was correlated with stage, differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Age, sex, histological grade, stage and depth of invasion of gallbladder cancer had no significant correlation with 3-year survival rate (P>0.05). The survival rate of patients with differentiated tumors and non-metastatic lymph nodes were higher (P<0.05). The survival rate of patients with low expression of lncRNA H19 was significantly higher than those with high expression of lncRNA H19 (P<0.05). Tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis and lncRNA H19 expression were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with gallbladder cancer.@*Conclusions@#LncRNA H19 is highly expressed in gallbladder cancer, which is closely related to the degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis and survival rate of patients.

Expression of long non-coding RNA H19 in gallbladder cancer and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)H19 in gallbladder cancer and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis.Methods 74 cases of allbladder cancer resected in our hospital were collected and studied.At the same time,66 cases of benign gallbladder lesions were selected as benign lesion group.The expression of lncRNA H19 in tissues was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).The correlation between lncRNA H19 expression and clinicopathological parameters of gallbladder cancer patients was analyzed.The patients were followed up for 3 years and COX was used to analyze the prognostic factors affecting the survival rate.The survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curve.The survival differences of lncRNA H19 expression groups were detected by Log-Rank method.Results The expression level of lncRNA H19 in gallbladder cancer was significantly higher than that in benign lesions (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of lncRNA H19 was correlated with stage,differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P ＜ 0.05).Age,sex,histological grade,stage and depth of invasion of gallbladder cancer had no significant correlation with 3-year survival rate (P ＞ 0.05).The survival rate of patients with differentiated tumors and non-metastatic lymph nodes were higher (P ＜ 0.05).The survival rate of patients with low expression of lncRNA H19 was significantly higher than those with high expression of lncRNA H19 (P ＜ 0.05).Tumor differentiation,lymph node metastasis and lncRNA H19 expression were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with gallbladder cancer.Conclusions LncRNA H19 is highly expressed in gallbladder cancer,which is closely related to the degree of differentiation,lymph node metastasis and survival rate of patients.

Evaluation and management of the infant with abnormalities in the area of inguinal canal and scrotum / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

The area of inguinal canal and scrotum is complex and concealment where many clinical problems especially congenital abnormalities in infant occur.As the reasons of embryonic development and anatomy,most of the clinical problems have close inner link and external relationship.Evaluation and management of the infant with abnormalities in this area involves in structural restoration,prevention and treatment of severe emergencies,or in fertility and testicular tumorigenesis after puberty.As the structure and the long-term function and influence of this area,the studies on here are still focused and the knowledge always update.

Evaluation and management of the infant with abnormalities in the area of inguinal canal and scrotum / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

The area of inguinal canal and scrotum is complex and concealment where many clinical problems especially congenital abnormalities in infant occur.As the reasons of embryonic development and anatomy,most of the clinical problems have close inner link and external relationship.Evaluation and management of the infant with abnormalities in this area involves in structural restoration,prevention and treatment of severe emergencies,or in fertility and testicular tumorigenesis after puberty.As the structure and the long-term function and influence of this area,the studies on here are still focused and the knowledge always update.

Diagnosis and treatment of female pseudohermaphroditism / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To discuss the etiology,clinical features,diagnosis and treatment measures of female pseudohermaphroditism.Methods Five Cases,of female pseudohermaphroditism were collected.The etiology,clinical features,diagnosis and treatment measures were discussed.Results One case induced by exogenous androgenic hormones,4 cases induced by congenital adrenal hyperplasia.All the 5 cases presented with abnormal development of vulva and the sex chromosomes karyotype of 46XX.The combined treatment ofreconstructive surgery (5 cases)and supplementary glucocorticoid (4 cases)wefe performed.After 3months,the levels of adrenocorticotrophic hormone and virosterone were normal.Followed up for 1-10 years,The postoperative appearance of external genitalia was similar to the normal.The secondary sex characters were improved obviously,3 cases were mainly feminilism,2 cases existed different degree of psychologic obstacle.Conclusions The diagnosis and treatment in the early stage are very important.The combination treatment of surgery and medicine for the patients with female pseudohermaphroditism is satisfied.

Incidence of Metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their Antibiotic Resistance / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To study incidence of metallo-beta-lactamase(MBL)-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their drug sensitivity.METHODS A total of 323 isolates of P.aeruginosa from Nanshan District of Shenzhen between Jun 2007 and Jun 2008 were subjected to susceptibility testing against various antibiotics and identified by ATB-Expression.Imipenem and meropenem resistant isolates were selected for the detection of MBL production by disc synergia test.Enhancement of inhibition zone around imipenem and meropenem discs impregnated with EDTA was found to confirme MBL production.RESULTS Totally 323 P.aeruginosa were isolated and MBL-producing accounted for 46(14.3%),drug resistance rate to imipenem and meropenem was respectively 45.4% and 26.3%.Colistin was the most sensitive to P.aeruginosa(96.9%).CONCLUSIONS Our findings show it needs to detect MBL producers,judiciously use carbapenems to prevent their spread.

A study on serum thyroid hormone level alterations after hemithyroidectomy / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective To investigate serum T_3? T_4? TSH alterations after hemithyroidectomy in patients suffering from thyroid benign nodules.Methods Forty-eight patients were divided into two groups by age of 45.All patients were treated with hemithyroidectomy and without substitutional therapy after operation.The levels of serum TT_3? TT_4? FT_3? FT_4? TSH were assessed on day 5, first month, 3rd month, 6th month and one year after operation and compared with pre-operative levels.Results The change of serum T_3? T_4 was not significant; while the levels of serum FT_3? FT_4 in patients over 45 years decreased on day 5 post-op and on the first month ( F=7.853, F=4.247, P