Factors Influencing Alzheimer's Disease Risk: Whether and How They are Related to the APOE Genotype / 神经科学通报·英文版

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease featuring progressive cognitive impairment. Although the etiology of late-onset AD remains unclear, the close association of AD with apolipoprotein E (APOE), a gene that mainly regulates lipid metabolism, has been firmly established and may shed light on the exploration of AD pathogenesis and therapy. However, various confounding factors interfere with the APOE-related AD risk, raising questions about our comprehension of the clinical findings concerning APOE. In this review, we summarize the most debated factors interacting with the APOE genotype and AD pathogenesis, depict the extent to which these factors relate to APOE-dependent AD risk, and discuss the possible underlying mechanisms.

Risk factors of early septic shock-related thrombocytopenia and its impact on prognosis / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To investigate the risk factors and prognosis of early septic shock-related thrombocytopenia.Methods:Retrospective analysis of clinical data of patients with septic shock admitted to the department of intensive care unit (ICU) of Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital from June 2016 to November 2020 was conducted. According to the lowest platelet count (PLT) in the early stage of septic shock (within 24 hours of using vasoactive drugs), the patients were divided into mild thrombocytopenia group [PLT (50-100)×10 9/L], severe thrombocytopenia group (PLT < 50×10 9/L) and normal platelet group (PLT > 100×10 9/L). The differences in general information, laboratory indicators, mechanical ventilation time, length of ICU stay, in-hospital stay, and 28-day mortality among the three groups were analyzed. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of thrombocytopenia, and the 28-day Kaplan-Meier survival curve of patients with different PLT levels was drawn. Results:A total of 486 patients with septic shock were enrolled, including 123 patients with mild thrombocytopenia, 75 patients with severe thrombocytopenia and 288 patients with normal platelets. Patients with diabetes ( χ2 = 30.460, P < 0.001), abdominal infection ( χ2 = 15.024, P = 0.001), urinary tract infection ( χ2 = 36.633, P < 0.001), bloodstream infection ( χ2 = 7.755, P = 0.022), Gram negative (G -) bacilli infection ( χ2 = 19.569, P < 0.001), hyperlactic acidemia ( H = 23.404, P < 0.001), elevated procalcitonin (PCT, H = 43.368, P < 0.001), high acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ, F = 11.122, P < 0.001) and high sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA, F = 84.328, P < 0.001) were more likely to have thrombocytopenia within 24 hours of septic shock. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of early septic shock-related thrombocytopenia showed that, diabetes [odds ratio ( OR) = 0.19, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 0.08-0.42, P < 0.001], urinary tract infection ( OR = 0.33, 95% CI was 0.13-0.83, P = 0.018), G - bacilli infection ( OR = 0.20, 95% CI was 0.07-0.58, P = 0.003), hyperlactic acidemia ( OR = 1.25, 95% CI was 1.07-1.46, P = 0.005) and high APACHEⅡ score ( OR = 0.85, 95% CI was 0.78-0.92, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for platelets < 50×10 9/L. Abdominal infection was an independent risk factor for PLT (50-100)×10 9/L ( OR = 0.56, 95% CI was 0.34-0.95, P = 0.03). High SOFA score was an independent risk factor for PLT ≤ 100×10 9/L [PLT < 50×10 9/L: OR = 2.03, 95% CI was 1.65-2.52, P < 0.001; PLT (50-100)×10 9/L: OR = 1.31, 95% CI was 1.16-1.48, P < 0.001]. There were no significant differences in mechanical ventilation time, length of ICU stay, and in-hospital stay among the three groups ( H values were 0.142, 2.134, and 3.990, respectively, all P > 0.05). The 28-day mortality of septic shock patients increased with the severity of thrombocytopenia ( χ2 = 40.406, P < 0.001), and the 28-day mortality of severe thrombocytopenia group and mild thrombocytopenia group was significantly higher than those of the normal platelet group [66.7% (50/75), 43.1% (53/123) vs. 27.8% (80/288), both P < 0.05]. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the 28-day survival rate gradually decreased with the decrease of PLT, and the 28-day survival rate was higher in the normal platelet group (Log-Rank test: χ2 = 80.667, P < 0.001). Conclusions:Diabetes, abdominal infection, urinary tract infection, G - bacilli infection, hyperlactic acidemia, high APACHEⅡ score, and high SOFA score are independent risk factors for early septic shock-related thrombocytopenia. Early thrombocytopenia in patients with septic shock indicates a high risk of 28-day death.

Silencing pancreatic adenocarcinoma up-regulated factor increases the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cell line to gemcitabine / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To observe the influence on the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 to gemcitabine of silencing PAUF gene.Methods BxPC-3 cells,which overexpress PAUF,was stably transfected with PAUF-shCtrl and PAUF-shRNA to establish BxPC-3_shCtrl and BxPC-3_shPAUF cells as control and experiment group.Then the mRNA and protein expression level of PAUF in these two cell lines were detected by RT-PCR and western blot,respectively.The growth inhibition rates of these two cell lines treated with different concentrations of gemcitabine (0,3.1,6.25,12.5,25,50,100,200 nmol/L) were detected by MTT.Apoptosis rates in the cells treated with different concentrations of gemcitabine (0,75,100 nmol/L) were then observed by flow cytometry.Results The relative PAUF mRNA expression level in BxPC-3_shCtrl and BxPC-3 cells were 1.00 ± 0.06 and 0.83 ± 0.07,which were significantly high er than that in BxPC-3_shPAUF cells (0.25 ± 0.02;both P ＜ 0.05).The relative PAUF protein expression level in BxPC-3_shCtrl and BxPC-3 cells were 0.89 ± 0.07 and 0.95 ± 0.04,which were significantly high er than that in BxPC-3_shPAUF cells (0.31 ± 0.03;both P ＜ 0.05).The IC50 value of gemcitabine to BxPC-3_shCtrl cell was (22.88 ± 2.43) nmol/L,which was significantly higher than that of BxPC-3_shPAUF cells [(1.06 ± 0.02) nmol/L;P ＜ 0.05];apoptosis rate of BxPC-3_shPAUF cells treated by gemcitabine increased faster than that of BxPC-3_shCtrl cells.Conclusion PAUF silencing could greatly enhance the sensitivity of BxPC-3 cells to gemcitabine.

Analysis on disease spectrum among hospitalized children in Chongqing City during 2015 / 重庆医学

Objective To study the characteristics of the diseases spectrum in hospitalized children.Methods The items of main diagnosis,gender,age,etc.in the inpatients medical records home page data aged 0? 12 years old in second-level and above hospitals of Chongqing City during 2015 were performed the disease spectrum sequence and constituent ratio analysis for deeply digging the relation between the disease change trend with the age and sex.Results The top 5 main system diseases affecting children's health were respiratory system diseases (male 43.84％,female 45.74％),some conditions originated from prenatal period (male 12.01 ％,female 13.87 ％),infectious diseases and parasites diseases (male 9.48 ％,female 9.88 ％),digestive system diseases (male 9.09 ％,female 6.95 ％),injury,poisoning and some other consequences of external causes(male 6.86 ％,female 5.27 ％).Respiratory system diseases always ranked the first place,the sexual difference among various system disease was unobvious,the sequence of injury,poisoning and some other consequence of external causes was increased with the age increasing;in the ranking of respiratory system diseases,pneumonia(38.73 ％),acute bronchitis(17.29 ％) and acute tonsillitis(13.83％) were the top 3 diseases affecting children's health.Conclusion Respiratory system diseases are the concerned key point for children health promotion.The health and epidemic prevention departments should provide effective methods and measures for preventing respiratory system diseases in children.Furthermore,the targeted prevention and treatment measures should be proposed aiming at the difference of disease sequence in different age groups.

Study on burden of disease in Chongqing, 2010-2013 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analysis the burden of diseases (BOD) and economic burden of disease (EBOD) in Chongqing and provide scientific evidence for effective prevention and control of diseases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The burden of diseases of Chongqing were estimated by use of disability-adjusted life year (DALY) from 2010 to 2013, two-step method was used in the calculation of direct economic burden of diseases. DALY combined with the human capital method were used to measure the indirect economic burden.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From 2010 to 2013, DALY loss by all causes for the residents in Chongqing were 123.90, 127.01, 123.30 and 125.99 person year per thousand persons, respectively. The diseases mainly included non-communicable diseases, accounting for 83%-87%, followed by injure and infectious diseases. The five leading diseases of BOD in Chongqing were respiratory system disease, circulatory system disease, malignant tumor, accidental death, neuropsychiatric disease, respectively. The total economic burden of diseases was 1 621.34 million yuan RMB in 2013. The direct and indirect economic burden of diseases were 794.42 million yuan RMB and 826.92 million yuan RMB, which could be attributed to circulatory system disease, respiratory system diseases, injury, malignant tumor and muscle bones and connective tissue diseases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Respiratory system disease, circulatory system diseases, malignant tumor, and injury have caused heavy burden both in people's health and economic status in Chongqing. It is necessary to take effective measures to prevent and control these diseases.</p>

Investigation and analysis on status quo of health statistic personnel in Chongqing municipality / 重庆医学

Objective To understand the status quo of the health statistics human resources in Chongqing municipality. Methods The status quo of the health statistic human resources in Chongqing municipality was investigated by the national health statistics reporting system.The age,seniority,qualifications,specialty,job title,distribution,etc.in the health personnel were ana-lyzed by the SPSS17.0 statistical software.Results 74.89% of health statistic personnel were part-time workers.In the vast ma-jority of medical institutions,the number of health statistician was 1 or 2.As to the education background,73.50% of the total stat-istician number only got the junior college degree even below.Only 216 statistic personnesls′major fitted to the staff positions.Ba-nan district in the major city,Tongnan county and Dazu district in the west area,Wushan county in the east area,Dianjiang county and other counties in central area,and the new urban development area were relatively lack of human resources of the health statistic personnel.Conclusion The health statistic team in Chongqing municipality has low stability,inadequate staff and poor professional quality.The distribution of statistic personnel human resources is uneven among the five functional areas and various districts and counties.

A comparative study on the effects of high-frequency chest well oscillation expectoration and machincal expectoration on VAP and time for withdrawing MV system / 实用医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of high-frequency chest well oscillation expectoration system on ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and time for withdrawing mechanical ventilation (MV) system in ICU patients with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Methods 100 ICU patients with IMV were divided into observationgroup (n = 50) and control group (n = 50). The high-frequency chest well oscillation expectoration was used in the former group and the mechanical vibration expectoration was used in the latter. The two groups were compared in terms of amount of sputum, vital signs (heart rate, breathing, systolic blood pressure and blood oxygen saturation), time for withdrawing MV system and VAP rate. Results On days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, the amount of sputum in the observationgroup was (33.5 ± 4.2)mL/d, (41.1 ± 3.0)mL/d, (38.2± 3 .5) mL/d, (34.8 ± 2.5) mL/d and (31.1 ± 2.1) mL/d, and those of the control group respectively was (27.4 ± 3.1) mL/d, (30.3 ± 3.6) mL/d, (28.1 ± 2.2) mL/d, (25.7±1.8)mL/d and (20.8 ± 1.7)mL/d. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P 0.05). The time for withdrawing MV system in the observationgroup and the control group respectively was (5.8 ± 2.2)d and (9.5 ± 1.8)d, (P < 0.05). The rates of VAP in the observationgroup and the control group respectively was 30.0% (15/50) and 52.0% (26/50), with significant difference between them (P < 0.05). Conclusion The high-frequency chest well oscillation expectoration for ICU patients with invasive mechanical ventilation can promote sputum expectoration , improve blood oxygen saturation , shorten the time for withdrawing the ventilator, and prevent the incidence of VAP.

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of HCT (Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:Shikiate/Quinate Hydroxycinnamoyltransferase) Gene in Lonicera japonica Thunb / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase(HCT) is an key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acid in Lonicera japonica. In this study, eight putative HCT genes were cloned with RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) technology based on the analysis of transcriptome in L. japonica. Among them, one was suggested as HCT gene (LjHCT) in L. japonica through analysis of sequence similarity, physical and chemical properties, and domain conservation of the proptein. LjHCT gene containing 1 275 bp encodes a protein with the molecular weight of 47 kDa. These results will provide foundation for exploring the function of LjHCT in Lonicera japonica.

Study of the distribution of HPV infective genotypes in healthy women and cervical carcinoma patients / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To compare the genotype distribution of HPV in cervical cells of natural crowd and tissues of cervical in‐traepithelial neoplasia(CINⅢ grade) and cervical carcinomas patients .Methods PCR and gene‐chip technology were utilized for the genotype detection of 23 kinds of HPV in cell specimens from 1 047 women of natural crowd (normal group) and tissue specimens from 173 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(precancerosis group) and 133 cases of patients with cervical carcinoma (cervical carcinoma group) .Results There were 109 ,159 and 121 cases of HPV positive specimens respectively in normal group ,precancer‐osis group and cervical carcinoma group ,and the HPV infection rates were 10 .41% (109/1 047) ,91 .91% (159/173) and 90 .98%(121/133) ,respectively .Conclusion PCR and gene‐chip technology can be used to detect HPV genotypes in cervical cells and cer‐vical tissues specimens .

Universality Assessment of matK Primer Pairs in Seed Plants / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

matK is one of the core DNA barcode markers for plant DNA barcode identification and its universality using single makers has been in controversy. However, the universalities of different matK primer pairs in same seed plant group (order) and same matK primer pairs in different seed plant groups (order) are lack of systematic research. In this study, we collected 14563 full-length matK sequences of 11429 species of 3292 genera in 239 families belonging to 36 orders in seed plants. The universalities of 13 matK primer pairs and its 78 primer com-binations have been assessed using bioinformatics methods. The results indicated that xf/5r, 1F/8R, 390F/1326R and 3F_KIM/1R_KIM were the four most universality primer pairs. The four markers' universalities were 91.18%, 84.65%, 79.81% and 80.94% respectively in all 11429 seed plants. The most universality primer pairs in different orders were different. For each order, the primer pair with maximum universality was different. the xf/5r was the basal primer pair for primer combination and 1F/8R, 1F/1R, M3/M4 and 3F_KIM/1R_KIM could be the complementary primer pairs. This study could be a valuable resource for the primer selection of the research DNA barcoding identification in seed plants.

Effect of Silver Needle Thermo-conduction on Cervical Spondylosis of Vertebral Artery Type / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the effect of silver needle thermo-conduction on cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type (CSA). Methods 82 patients with CSA were randomly divided into control group (n=41) and treatment group (n=41). The control group was treated with cervical traction combined with microwave diathermy, and the treatment group was treated with silver needle thermo-conduction combined with cervical traction. Both groups were evaluated with Evaluation Scale for Cervical Vertigo (ESCV) and transcranial Doppler before and 1 course after treatment. Results The ESCV score, the peak blood flow velocity of period of contraction of left vertebral artery, right vertebral artery and basilar artery in both groups were significantly higher after treatment than before (P<0.01), the treatment group was better than the control group after treatment (P<0.01). Conclusion Silver needle thermo-conduction combined with cervical traction therapy can accelerate the blood flow of patients with CSA and improve their clinical symptoms