Anti-tumor Effect and Mechanism of Effective Components in Hedysari Radix： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Malignant tumors are one of the main causes of human death worldwide and pose a serious threat to human health. The current treatment methods are mainly the combination of chemotherapeutics， surgery， radiotherapy， or hormone therapy. The treatment process has limitations such as multidrug resistance， non-selective targeting of cancer cells， and drug toxicity. With the development and application of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， Chinese medicine has the characteristics of multi-angle and multi-mechanism coordination and slight toxic and side effects. It can effectively inhibit tumor proliferation， differentiation， and metastasis， and avoid drug resistance， serving as the focus of current tumor treatment research. Hedysari Radix， one of the genuine medicinal materials in Gansu province， is a tonic Chinese medicine with a wide range of pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammation， immune regulation， anti-oxidation， prevention and treatment of diabetic complications. In the majority of the ancient works on herbs of the past dynasties， Hedysari Radix was included under the item of Astragali Radix and used as Astragali Radix. Hedysari Radix is superior to Astragali Radix in enhancing immunity， scavenging free radicals， and resisting liver fibrosis. Studies have found that the effective components of Hedysari Radix have a prominent anti-tumor effect and a significant inhibitory effect on various malignant tumors such as liver cancer， bladder cancer， gastric cancer， breast cancer， and colorectal cancer. They can also combine with clinical anti-cancer drugs to reduce the toxic and side effects of chemotherapy drugs and improve the tolerance of patients during chemotherapy. On the basis of current research， this study summarized the mechanism of Hedysari Radix active components in inducing cell apoptosis， blocking cell cycle， inhibiting tumor cell proliferation， migration， and invasion， regulating micro mRNA （miRNA）， inducing cell autophagy， enhancing immune regulation， as well as reducing toxicity and enhancing efficiency and sensitization with clinical chemotherapeutics， and systematically explained the anti-tumor mechanism of Hedysari Radix active components， aiming to provide a basic reference for the further exploration of the anti-tumor mechanism of Hedysari Radix and the further development and utilization of its effective components.

Research progress in high mobility group box-1 in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage / 中华围产医学杂志

Inflammation plays an important part in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). High mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), a neuroinflammatory trigger, has a dual effect on HIBD: in the acute stage, it amplifies the ischemic tissue injury; in the later stage, it is involved in the neurovascular repair and reconstruction. The significance of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of HIBD is still not fully understood. This review summarizes the role of HMGB1 in HIBD, including its effects on neurons, glial cells and blood-brain barrier, and the underlying mechanisms as well as the progress in research on HMGB1 in immature brain, hoping to provide new ideas for neuroprotection in HIBD.

Application of PD-L1, PD-L2, CD30, CD23 and BCL-6 in Diagnosis and Prognostic Evaluation of Primary Mediastinal Large B-cell Lymphoma / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To explore the application value of treatment-related markers PD-L1, PD-L2, CD30, CD23, BCL-2, BCL-6, MUM1 and GATA3 in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma(PMBL). Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 34 patients diagnosed with PMBL, and 31 patients with DLBCL-NOS which was not primary in the mediastinum were taken as control group. The expressions of 8 proteins were detected by IHC staining. Results The median percentages of tumor cells with PD-L1, PD-L2 and CD30 expression in PMBL group were 70% (30%, 90%), 25% (0, 70%) and 17.5% (0, 60%) respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the DLBCL-NOS group (P < 0.05). The positive rates of CD30 and CD23 in PMBL group were 61.76% (21/34) and 76.47% (26/34) respectively, significantly different with those in the DLBCL-NOS group (P=0.000). The survival curve of PMBL patients with CD30 or BCL-6 expression showed a trend of poor prognosis, despite the P value was > 0.05. Conclusion The high expression levels of PD-L1, PD-L2 and CD30 in PMBL are helpful to accurately identify more patients who may respond to immune or targeted therapy. Immunohistochemical staining of PD-L1, PD-L2, CD30 and CD23 is helpful for the differential diagnosis of PMBL and DLBCL-NOS. As candidate prognostic indicators of PMBL, CD30 and BCL-6 should be further studied in a larger number of samples.

Research Progress on Relation Between CD47 and Immunotherapy on Lymphoma / 肿瘤防治研究

CD47 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is expressed on various cells and tissues of human, but it is more expressed on tumor cells, especially in various hematopoietic tumors. The combination of CD47 expressed on tumor cells with signal regulator protein α (SIRPα) on macrophages inhibits the phagocytosis of tumors by macrophages. The reaction can lead to tumor immune escape. CD47 has become a new hot spot in tumor research. This article reviews the correlation between the structure and expression of CD47, CD47-SIRPα, CD47-targeting antibody drugs and lymphoma immunotherapy.

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy–Guided Bladder-Sparing Treatment for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Results of a Pilot Phase II Study / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

Purpose@#Reduced quality of life after cystectomy has made bladder preservation a popular research topic for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Previous research has indicated significant tumor downstaging after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). However, maximal transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) was performed before NAC to define the pathology, impacting the real evaluation of NAC. This research aimed to assess real NAC efficacy without interference from TURBT and apply combined modality therapies guided by NAC efficacy. @*Materials and Methods@#Patients with cT2-4aN0M0 MIBC were confirmed by cystoscopic biopsy and imaging. NAC efficacy was assessed by imaging, urine cytology, and cystoscopy with multidisciplinary team discussion. Definite responders (≤ T1) underwent TURBT plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Incomplete responders underwent radical cystectomy or partial cystectomy if feasible. The primary endpoint was the bladder preservation rate. @*Results@#Fifty-nine patients were enrolled, and the median age was 63 years. Patients with cT3-4 accounted for 75%. The median number of NAC cycles was three. Definite responders were 52.5%. The complete response (CR) was 10.2%, and 59.3% of patients received bladder-sparing treatments. With a median follow-up of 44.6 months, the 3-year overall survival (OS) was 72.8%. Three-year OS and relapse-free survival were 88.4% and 60.0% in the bladder-sparing group but only 74.3% and 37.5% in the cystectomy group. The evaluations of preserved bladder function were satisfactory. @*Conclusion@#After stratifying MIBC patients by NAC efficacy, definite responders achieved a satisfactory bladder-sparing rate, prognosis, and bladder function. The CR rate reflected the real NAC efficacy for MIBC. This therapy is worth verifying through multicenter research.

The relationship between left ventricular geometry and epicardial adipose tissue thickness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness and left ventricular geometry in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).Methods:Two hundred and twenty-one OSAS patients were enrolled consecutively from the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January to December 2019. According to left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and relative wall thickness (RWT), OSAS patients were divided into 4 groups based on the left ventricular geometry: 110 with normal geometry (NG group), 56 with concentric remodeling (CR group), 32 with concentric hypertrophy (CH group), and 23 with eccentric hypertrophy (EH group). The patients were examineel by echocardiography, the left ventricular end diastolic diameter, LVMI, interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left ventricle ejcetion fraction, E/A were collected. Age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), apnea hypopnea index (AHI), nocturnal lowest oxygen saturation (Lowest-SaO 2), nocturnal mean oxygen saturation (Mean-SaO 2), the percentage of the time that oxygen desaturation below 90%(T90), oxygen desaturation index(ODI), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), EAT thickness and the echocardiography parameters were compared among the four groups. The relationships between EAT thickness and the above-mentioned parameters and left ventricular geometry were analyzed by univariate and multivariate linear regressions. Results:①The higher EAT thickness was found in the CH group [(0.50±0.09)cm] and EH group [(0.46±0.07)cm] compared with the NG group [(0.33±0.11)cm] and CR group [(0.36±0.15)cm] (all P<0.05). In addition, age, SBP, DBP, AHI, ODI, T90, LVMI, RWT and E/A ratio were all significantly different among the groups (all P<0.05). ②Univariate linear regression analysis showed that EAT thickness was positively correlated with age, SBP, DBP, AHI, TG, TC and LVMI, RWT, left ventricular geometry, and negatively correlated with Mean-SaO 2 and Lowest-SaO 2. ③Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that EAT thickness was independently correlated with AHI, TG, TC and left ventricular geometry. Conclusions:EAT is independently related to abnormal left ventricular geometry, suggesting that EAT may be involved in the process of left ventricular remodeling.

Optimization of the Extraction Technology of Total Flavonoids from the Roots and Stems of Angelica sinensis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To optimize reflux extraction technology of total flavonoids from the roots and stems of Angelica sinensis. METHODS: The reflux extraction technology of total flavonoids from the roots and stems of A. sinensis was optimized by Box-Behnken design-response methodology based on single factor test using volume fraction of extraction solvent ethanol, solide-liquid ration, extraction time, extraction times as investigation factors, the content of total flavonoids in extract as evaluation index. RESULTS: The optimal extraction technology of total flavonoids from the roots and stems of A. sinensis was that volume fractions of ethanol were 70％ and 50％; solid-liquid ratios were 1: 40 and 1: 30; extraction time were 1. 3 h and 1. 7 h; The number of extraction times is two times. In verification test, the contents of total flavonoids were 7. 253 6, 25. 144 1 mg/g (RSD= 1. 57％, 1. 49％, n = 3); relative errors of those to predicted value (6. 942 8, 25. 703 5 mg/g) were 4. 28％, 2. 24％. CONCLUSIONS: Optimized extraction technology for total flavonoids from the roots and stems of A. sinensis is simple, reproducible and predictable.

Analysis of Clinical Efficacy of Azithromycin Combined Glucocorticoids in Treatment of Severe Pneumonia Mycoplasma / 现代生物医学进展

Objective:To analyze the influences of azithromycinantibiotic combined glucocorticoids on the levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and inflammatory cytokines levels as well as the clinical effect of severe pneumonia mycoplasma.Methods:112 children with severe pneumonia mycoplasma who were treated in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 56 cases in each group.The patients in the control group were treated with azithromycinantibiotic,while the patients in the observation group were treated with glucocorticoid on the basis of the control group.Then the levels of ESR,LDH,isoenzyme MB (CK-MB),creatine kinase (CK),aspertate aminotransferase (AST),c-reactive protein (CRP),interleukin 6 (IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-o (TNF-α),CD4+ and CD8+,the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions between two groups were observed and compared before and after the treatment.Results:The effective rate in the observation group was higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).After treatment,the levels of ESR,LDH,CK-MB,CK,AST,CRP,IL-6,TNF-α and CD8+ in the two groups decreased,which were lower in the observation group than those of the control group (P＜0.05).After treatment,the levels of CD4+ in both groups increased,which was higher in the observation group than that of the control group (P＜0.05).The disappearance time of fever,cough relief,lung rale of observation group were shorter than those of the control group(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the adverse reactions between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion:Azithromycin combined with glucocorticoids was more effective than azithromycin alone in the treatment of severe mycoplasma pneumonia with high safety,which could obviously relieve the myocardial injury and inflammatory response,enhance the immune function.

Clinicopathological characteristics of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To improve the understanding of blastic plasmacytoid dendric cell neoplasm (BPDCN). Methods The clinicopathological features of 2 cases with BPDCN diagnosed in the Department of Pathology in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College were analyzed retrospectively. The relevant literatures were reviewed as well. Results The two BPDCN patients were both elderly men with skin nodules. The tumor cells infiltrated diffusely into the whole dermis with sparing the epidermis. BPDCN cells were small to medium size with round or oval irregular nuclei and small nucleoli. Numerous mitoses figures were seen. Immunohistochemistry stain showed that CD4 and CD56 were positive and CD20 and CD3 were negative in the 2 BPDCN cases. Only 1 case was positive for CD123. Conclusions BPDCN is a rare malignant hematopoietic tumor, which is likely to involve skin. The features of morphology and immunophenotype are crucial to make correct diagnosis.

Expression and clinical significance of ELOVL6 gene in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of elongation of very long-chain fatty acids family member 6 (ELOVL6) in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HSOC), and explore the correlation between its expression and clinical prognosis in these patients. Methods The expression of ELOVL6 at mRNA and protein levels were respectively detected by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and immune histochemistry method in 12 cases with normal ovarian tissues and 172 cases with HSOC from primary tumor site, forty of which had paired peritoneal metastatic tissues. Results (1) The results tested by RT-PCR showed that ELOVL6 expression in normal ovarian tissue was 4.8±1.1, while 1.2±0.7 in primary tumors and 1.8 ± 0.9 peritoneal metastatic sites in HSOC. Compared with normal ovarian tissue, the level of ELOVL6 mRNA was significantly lower in HSOC (P0.05). The total median survival was 52 months in ELOVL6-positive group and 44 months in ELOVL6-negative group (P>0.05). Conclusion Low expression of ELOVL6 may correlate with the poor differentiation and drug resistance in HSOC.

Analyses of Water and Methanol Extractable Pentachlorophenol in Soils Using Vortex-assisted Liquid-liquid Extraction and Gas Chromatography / 分析化学

An analytical procedure for the determination of water-and methanol-extractable pentachlorophenol ( PCP) in soils using vortex assisted liquid-liquid extraction ( VALLE ) and gas chromatography ( GC ) was developed. Significant extraction parameters, such as liquid-liquid ratio and vortex speed were optimized. The recovery of PCP was the highest ( 97. 4%) at the vortex rotation speed of 2000 r/min, with good reproducbility and a small relative sdandard deviation ( RSD, 0. 5%), with regard to the volume ratio of derivatization solution to n-hexane, the recovery of PCP was 103% with an RSD of 0. 7% at 10:4. The linearity of the calibration ranged from 1. 25 μg/L to 4000 μg/L, with a correlation coefficient ( R2 ) of 0. 9999. The detection limit of the PCP in water was below 0. 2 μg/L. Compared with traditional liquid-liquid extraction ( LLE) and solid phase extraction ( SPE) , the VALLE method was more simple and more economic in terms of chemical consumption, also with a recovery of 96. 8% and a RSD of 3. 7%. Four different soils were used to check the reliability of this method. The soils were respectively extracted with water once and methanol three times. The total recoveries were 89. 5%-98. 9% and 88. 7%-98. 4% at the PCP spiking level of 1 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. It is concluded that the VALLE method satisfied the extraction and determination of water and methanol extractable PCP in soils with varying PCP polluting rates.

Research on heart function in pregnant women with sinus tachycardia evaluated with echocardiography / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the characteristic and clinical value of echocardiography in pregnant women with sinus tachycardia.Methods Thirty pregnant women with sinus tachycardia (experiment group) and 30 healthy pregnant women (control group) were selected.The echocardiography results and clinical data were compared between the 2 groups.Results There were no statistical differences in age,gestational age,blood pressure,weight between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).The heart rate in experiment group was significantly higher than that in control group [(123.20 ± 13.23) times/min vs.(86.17 ± 6.78) times/min],there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.01).The left ventricular posterior wall thickness and the rates of mitral regurgitation,tricuspid regurgitation,aortic regurgitation in experiment group were significantly higher than those in control group [(10.23 ± 1.30) mm vs.(8.79 ± 1.90) mm,63.33％ (19/30) vs.16.67％ (5/30),66.67％(20/30) vs.30.00％(9/30),26.67％(8/30) vs.6.67％(2/30)],the left ventricular posterior wall motion amplitude was significantly lower than that in control group [(8.07 ± 1.00) mm vs.(9.26 ± 1.71) mm],there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).There were statistical differences in the indexes of left ventricular systolic function and diastolic function between the 2 groups (P ＜0.01 or ＜0.05).Conclusion The anatomical indexes and function indexes of echocardiography in pregnant women with sinus tachycardia are used to change,and the echocardiography in time can provide the basis of treatment.

Analysis of nursing risk factors in digesting internal medicine nurses and preventive measures / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To analyze nursing risk factors in digesting internal medicine nurses,looking for effective prevention measures and observe the nursing effect. Methods Nursing risk factors were analyzed from November 2009 to October 2010,and effective preventive measures were explored and applied from November 2010 to October 2011.The incidence rate of nursing accidents,the degree of satisfaction and approval,and basic nursing quality were compared before and after the implementation of nursing risk preventive measures. Results Nursing accident before and after the implementation was 0.98％ and 0.12％,the degree of satisfaction and approval before and after the implementation was 78％ and 75％,the basic nursing quality score before and after the implementation was (93.87 ±1.26)points,(99.68 ±0.54)points,the results before and after the implementation showed significant difference. Conclusions To adopt effective nursing risk preventive measures can significantly reduce the incidence of nursing risk,improve nursing service quality and satisfaction degree of patients.

Peripheral T cell lymphoma and nature killer cell iymphoma / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Peripheral T cells are closely related to nature killer( NK)cells,and share some immunophenotypic and functional properties with NK cells.Peripheral T-cell and NK cell lymphomas are heterogeneous groups of lymphomas,and the subgroup classification is complicated.Currently,the pathogenetic molecular lesions remain not to be deciphered for most entities.However,novel insights into the features of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma displaying correlation with normal helper T cells,the gene of anaplastic large cell lymphoma,and potential therapeutic biomarkers,have been gained from molecular technology application.

Primary cutaneous lymphomas:a clinicopathologicul study / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective To study the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemistric features of different types of primary cutaneous lymphomas.Methods 17 cases of primary cutaneous lymphomas were ret-rospectively reviewed.All cases were classified according to the WHO-EORTC(World Health Organization-Eu-ropean Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer) classification system combined with morphology and immunobistochemistry.The clinicopathological features of each type were observed and summarized.Results Among the 17 cases, male were 10, female were 7.The average age was 51 years old (from 16 to 78).All pa-tients visited the doctor for skin diseases 14 cases were T-cell lymphoma including 5 cases of primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphuma, 2 cases of mycosis fungoides, 4 cases of subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma, and 3 cases of primary cutaneous peripheral T- cell lymphomas (including 1 primary cutaneous ag-gressive epidermotropic CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma).3 cases were B-cell lymphoma including 2 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg-type and 1 primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma.Conclusion The clinical behaviors and pathological characteristics of primary cutaneous lymphomas were complicated and variant.Nei-ther of them could be neglected in the diagnosis.

Correlation of perfusion CT findings with microvessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in renal cell cancer / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To study the perfusion imaging features of renal cell cancer(RCC) and their correlation with microvessel density(MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) ex-pression status. Methods Dynamic contrast-enhanced multislice spiral CT was performed preopera-tively in 73 cases with histologically proven RCC (65 cases of clear cell carcinoma, 3 of papillary ade-nocarcinoma, and 5 of chromophobic carcinoma). Blood volume (BV), blood flow (BF), mean transit time (MTT), and permeability surface area product (PS) of tumors were recorded. MVD and VEGF expression status were studied by immunohistochemial staining. Results The mean BV, BF, MTT negative in 35 (47.9 %) cases, slightly positive in 24 (32.9 %) cases, moderate positive in 10 (13.7 %) cases, and intensively positive in 4 (5.5 %) cases. MVD of RCC was positively correlated with BV, BF and PS (P<0.01),and negatively correlated with MTT (P<0.05). No relationship was found be-tween the expression of VEGF and perfusion CT parameters. Conclusion Perfusion CT scan is use-ful to evaluate the angiogenesis status of RCC.

Clinicopathological significance of VEGF expression and microvascular density in renal clear cell carci-noma / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective To evaluate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and micro-vascular density (MVD),and their clinicopathological significance in clear cell renal carcinoma (CCRCC).Methods Immunohistochemistry method was used to examine the expression of VEGF.CD34 staining endo-thelial cells were applied to measure the MVD.Results Sixty-six cases of CCRCC were collected.VEGF ex-pressions in 36(54.5%) cases were positive.No significant relationship was detected between VEGF expres-sion and clinicopathological parameters.The MVD value was 12-96.3.The levels of MVD were significantly lower in advanced TNM staging (P=0.000),high grading (P=0.005) and metastasized tumors (P=0.011).In larger tumors,the cases of MVD 50(26.7%) were much less than those of MVD <50 (73.3%).There was no significant relationship between the expression of VEGF and MVD,and neither of them was correlated with the renal capsule infiltration.Conclusion The overexpression of VEGF in CCRCC shows that it may be the target molecule for treatment.The value of MVD is inversely correlated with the grad-ing and staging of CCRCC,indicating its significance in the prognosis assessment of CCRCC.

Capsaicin Inhibits Angiotensin Ⅱ Induced Vasoconstriction in Mice / 中华高血压杂志

Objective To study the long-term effect of administration(6 months) with transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1) agonist capsaicin on contractile reactivity of thoracic aorta in C57BL/6J mice.Methods Tow-month-old male C57BL/6J mice were received normal diet group(n=12) or capsaicin group(normal diet plus capsaicin,n=12).Tail-cuff systolic blood pressure(SBP) was examined at the baseline and at the end of the intervention.After 6-month treatment period,carotid artery blood pressure and heart rate were determined by catheterization,and the aortic contractile response was examined using isometric myograph(Danish Myotech Technology,Denmark).Plasma levels of renin,angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ) and aldosterone were determined.Vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC) were obtained from thoracic aorta of mice and cultured.Angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor(AT1R) protein expression was detected by western blot.Calcium imaging was detected in cultured VSMC using the fluorescent dye technique.Results Systolic blood pressure,invasive carotid artery blood pressure and heart rate have no difference between two groups.No differences was found in PE-induced contraction response in thoracic aorta;while Ang Ⅱ induced contractility of aortic ring was lower in mice with capsaicin than control group [capsaicin:(37.5?1.6)% vs(59.8?1.4)%,P

A novel approach for identifying the heme-binding proteins from mouse tissues / 基因组蛋白质组与生物信息学报·英文版

Heme is a key cofactor in aerobic life, both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Because of the high reactivity of ferrous protoporphyrin IX, the reactions of heme in cells are often carried out through heme-protein complexes. Traditionally studies of heme-binding proteins have been approached on a case by case basis, thus there is a limited global view of the distribution of heme-binding proteins in different cells or tissues. The procedure described here is aimed at profiling heme-binding proteins in mouse tissues sequentially by 1) purification of heme-binding proteins by heme-agarose, an affinity chromatographic resin; 2) isolation of heme-binding proteins by SDS-PAGE or two-dimensional electrophoresis; 3) identification of heme-binding proteins by mass spectrometry. In five mouse tissues, over 600 protein spots were visualized on 2-DE gel stained by Commassie blue and 154 proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF, in which most proteins belong to heme related. This methodology makes it possible to globally characterize the heme-binding proteins in a biological system.

Primary breast lymphoma: a clinical, pathological and immunophenotypic study of eight cases / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical, pathological and immunophenotypic characteristics of the primary breast lymphoma (PBL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Analyses of clinical history, preoperative findings, histological and immunohistochemical features of eight patients with PBL were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Malignant lymphoma was difficult to diagnose preoperatively. All patients were women. The age range was from 34 approximately 65 years (mean 46.4 years). The right breast was involved initially in three patients, the left in four. One patient presented bilateral involvement. Seven patients were assessed at stage IE, one with ipsolateral axillary lymph nodes involvement at stage IIE. According to the WHO classification, five patients were diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (4/5 centroblast, 1/5 immunoblast); the other three patients as MALT lymphoma, all with lymphoepithelial lesions. The paraffin-embedded tissues of all cases showed immunoreactivity for B-cell markers CD20, CD45RA. CD5 and CD10 were negative in all cases. Follow-up data were obtained in six patients, none recurred or died within 8 to 108 months after diagnosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study indicates that most PBL are diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and MALT lymphoma and have a better prognosis after comprehensive therapy.</p>