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Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors at present and has high incidence and mortality rates. Most patients are in the advanced stage at the time of diagnosis and thus lose the opportunity for surgery and have poor prognosis. At this time, medical treatment focusing on drug therapy becomes an important method for the treatment of advanced liver cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, traditional Chinese medicine treatment, and endocrine therapy. This article reviews the recent research advances in drug therapy for advanced liver cancer.
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Objective To summarize the features of multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) examination of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs),and investigate the relationship between predictors and risk of MSCT examination for GISTs.Methods The clinical data of 110 patients with GISTs who were admitted to the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from July 2011 to February 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients received 64-slices spiral CT (64S-SCT) or 16-slices spiral CT (16S-SCT) scan,and the data were transported to the PACS work station for multiplanar reconstruction.All the tumor samples were collected during operation and diagnosed by morphological manifestation and immunohistochemistry of tumors.Very low,low,and medium risk of GISTs were regarded as lower risk grade,and high risk of GISTs as high risk grade.The univariate analysis and multivariate analysis about features of imaging and risk were done by chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression model.Results Tumors located at the stomach in 81 cases,small intestines in 26 cases and colorectum in 3 cases.Diameter of tumors was 0.8-25.0 cm.Smaller tumors were in round or oval shape with well demarcated boundary,and larger tumors were irregular with unclear boundary.Endo-luminal growth of lessions was detected in 25 cases,duplex growth in 35 cases and extra-luminal growth in 50 cases.Enhanced CT scan showed that most of tumors in 105 patients demostrated moderate and high enhancement,heterogeneous enhancement in 74 cases,low density sacvariable necrosis area without enhancement in 60 cases and superficial,cracked-like and deep ulcer without calcification,metastasis and ascites in 23 cases.According to the features of GISTs by MSCT examination,location of tumor,diameter,shape,boundary,growth,enhancement,cystic necrosis,ulcer and metastasis were risk factors affecting risk classification of tumors by univariate analysis (x2=7.442,49.966,31.513,46.038,13.836,16.626,23.489,8.280,6.811,P ＜0.05).Diameter of tumor more than 10 cm and ulcer were independent risk factors affecting risk classification of tumors by multivariate analysis (OR =9.927,0.070 ; 95％ confidence intewal:1.888-52.180,0.012-0.398,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion There is a characterization in the location,diameter,shape,boundary of tumor,growth,enhancement,cystic necrosis,ulcer and metastasis,and diameter of tumor more than 10cm and ulcer are independent risk factors affecting the risk classification of GISTs.
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Objective:This study is to improves the understanding of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the tracheobronchial tree by observing the multi-slice cornputed tomography (MSCT) features. Methods:The MSCT features of 19 cases with primary tra-cheobronchial ACC confirmed by histopathology were retrospectively analyzed. Results:Among the 19 cases, lesions were located in the trachea in seven cases, in the segmental and above segmental bronchi in 10 cases, in the peripheral lung in two cases. Intra-and ex-traluminal growth were observed in 15 cases (79%), whereas broad-based intraluminal lesions were exhibited in two cases (11%). Among the seven cases of tracheal ACC, the CT scans for five cases showed a notable tendency toward submucosal extension. Two cas-es manifested as a diffuse or circumferential wall thickening of the trachea, and the other three cases presented homogeneous mass fill-ing of the trachea with wall thickening. The 10 cases with bronchial ACC were manifested as intra-and extraluminal growth. Eight cas-es presented homogeneous polypoid growth toward the adjacent lumen, and seven cases presented extraluminal parts that were larger than the intraluminal parts. Among 13 contrast-enhanced examinations, three cases were without enhancement, five cases were slightly enhanced, four cases were moderately enhanced, and one case was highly enhanced. Conclusion:MSCT performances of ACC of the tracheo-bronchial tree possessed certain characteristics, such as broad-based mass, intra- and extraluminal growth, and diffuse wall thickening. CT can diagnose tumor malignancy, but the definitive diagnosis for ACC should depend on pathology.
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Background and purpose: Fumagillin is an inhibitor of type 2 methionine aminopeptidase that can block blood vessel formation. However, its molecular mechanism and therapeutic value in colon cancer still remain to be elucidated.ln this study, the effect of Fumagillin on the growth of colon cancer was examined. Methods: Twenty mice were divided into 4 groups and injected subcutaneously with 5×10~5/L WiDr or HT-29 cells in 200 μL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) respectively. After 4 weeks, intraperitoneal injections of Fumagillin (0.1 mg/kg), Cyclo (1 mg/kg), or both were given every 2 days for 4 weeks. The tumor weight and microvessel density (MVD) were examined. Gene-expression profiles were examined by microarray analysis of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs). Results: The Fumagillin-treated mice showed smaller tumor mass and lower MVD-CD105 levels than control ones. In vitro proliferation and tube formation of HUVEC was also significantly decreased by Fumagillin. Microarray analysis of Fumagillin-treated HUVECs showed up-regulation of 71 genes and down-regulation of 143 genes. Expression changes were involved in cell proliferation, migration, adhesion and gene transcription. Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction and Westem blot revealed decreased expression of cyclin E2, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) genes in the presence of Fumagillin. Conclusion: Fumagillin was found to suppress colorectal cancer growth by suppressing angiogenesis. The down-regulation of cyclin E2, ALCAM and ICAM-1 by fumagillin may be involved in the anti-angiogenesis.
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Background and purpose:The cinobufacini injection is a traditional antitumor drug.However,its mechanism iS still unclear.The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of cinobufacini injections in DNA TOPO Ⅰ of human hepatocellular carcinoma HcpG-2 cells.Methods:The cells that were proliferated were assessed by MTT assay.Cell cycles were shown through FCM.TOPO Ⅰ mRNA expression was analyzed through RT-PCR.The activity of TOPO Ⅰ was measured by TOPO Ⅰ mediated super coiled PHR322 relaxation.Supercoiled PBR322 was also used to determine the direct DNA breakages.Results:Cinobufacini injections significantly inhibited HepG-2 cells proliferation in ways that were dependent on dosages and time.Induced tumor cells arrest at the S-phase.TOPO ⅠmRNA expression decreased in a manner that was dependent on dosages which inhibited the TOPO Ⅰ mediated DNA relaxations.However,the cinobufacini injections could not directly induce DNA breakage at any concentration.Conclusion:Cinobufacini injections can inhibit human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells proliferation.The regulation of topoisomerase Ⅰ activity and mRNA expression may be one of the mechanisms that causes the cinobufacini injection to contribute against tumor.
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Background and purpose:Fumagillin is an inhibitor of type 2 methionine aminopeptidase that can block blood vessel formation. However, its molecular mechanism and therapeutic value in colon cancer still remain to be elucidated.In this study, the effect of Fumagillin on the growth of colon cancer was examined. Methods:Twenty mice were divided into 4 groups and injected subcutaneously with 5?105/L WiDr or HT-29 cells in 200 ?L phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) respectively. After 4 weeks, intraperitoneal injections of Fumagillin (0.1 mg/kg), Cyclo (1 mg/kg), or both were given every 2 days for 4 weeks. The tumor weight and microvessel density (MVD) were examined. Geneexpression profiles were examined by microarray analysis of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs). Results: The Fumagillin-treated mice showed smaller tumor mass and lower MVD-CD105 levels than control ones. In vitro proliferation and tube formation of HUVEC was also significantly decreased by Fumagillin. Microarray analysis of Fumagillin-treated HUVECs showed up-regulation of 71 genes and down-regulation of 143 genes. Expression changes were involved in cell proliferation, migration, adhesion and gene transcription. Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot revealed decreased expression of cyclin E2, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) genes in the presence of Fumagillin. Conclusion: Fumagillin was found to suppress colorectal cancer growth by suppressing angiogenesis. The down-regulation of cyclin E2, ALCAM and ICAM-1 by fumagillin may be involved in the anti-angiogenesis.