The norm of the Physical Activity afterschool Questionnaire for Preschooler (P-PAQ) in urban areas of China / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To establish the norm of the Physical Activity afterschool Questionnaire for Preschooler(P-PAQ) in urban areas of China, so as to provide a basis for graded guidance from the family perspective and to improve children s physical activity levels.@*Methods@#From October 2020 to January 2021, 6 267 children aged 3-6 years old were recruited from 40 kindergartens in eight cities across six major administrative regions by stratified cluster sampling, and the P-PAQ initially developed by the researchers of this study were completed by the primary caregivers. The questionnaire was administered to collect data relating to the amount of physical activity undertaken by the preschoolers, and the norm was determined by quartiles. Data relating to parental concepts of sports and parental behavior were assessed by calculating mean scores in order to establish the norm.@*Results@#Among preschoolers in urban areas, the M(P 25 ，P 75 ) of total physical activity time (min/day), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time (min/day), outdoor time (min/day) and screen time (min/day) on school days outside kindergarten and on weekends were 84 (54,120), 22 (8,40), 12 (0,24) and 18 (6,30), and 170 (115,240), 60 (30,95), 90 (35,120) and 30 (20,60), respectively. When the score of parents sports concept and behavior (total score of 40) were≥34, 29-<34, 24-<29, <24, it was defined as four levels about above medium, medium, lower medium and lower, respectively. And for two dimensions，when the score of parental sports concept were ≥19, 17-<19, 15-<17, <15，and the score of parental behaviors were ≥16, 12-<16, 8-<12, <8, it was defined as four levels about upper medium, medium, lower medium and lower, respectively.@*Conclusion@#The norm of extracurricular activities among preschool children in Chinese cities has good representativeness and appropriate threshold values, which could provide a valuable reference for early assessment, as well as guidance in relation to out-of-school physical activity behaviors among children aged 3-6 years old.

Mechanisms of Naoshuantong capsule in the prevention of cold wave-induced stroke in hypertensive rats: a differential proteomics study / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigate the preventive effect and mechanisms of Naoshuantong capsule in stroke induced by artificial cold wave in hypertensive rats.Methods A total of 130 SD rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group (n =30),a model control group (n =50) and a Naoshuantong treatment group (n=50;intragastric administration of Naoshuantong,0.5 g/kg,2/d for 7 days).Renovascular hypertensive rats model were established by two-kidney,two clip method.At 13th week after operation,rats were exposed to artificial cold wave for 3 days (12 h light of 22 ℃ and 12 h dark of 4 ℃,3 cycles).The brain tissue samples were extracted at the end of the experiment.Differential protein proteomic techniques were used for the identification,functional classification and preliminary analysis of the differentially expressed protein spots,and Western blot was used for the validation of some key proteins.Results There was no occurrence of stroke in the sham operation group,and the incidence of stroke in the model control group (36.00％,18/50) was significantly higher than that in the Naoshuantong treatment group (18.00％,9 / 50;x2 =4.110,P =0.043).With the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis,6 different proteins were identified from 14 protein spots.Among them,the up-regulated superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and the down-regulated B-cell lymphoma 10 (Bcl-10) were found to be at the central location of protein interactions,which has been verified by Western blot.Conclusion Naoshuantong can reduce the occurrence of stroke induced by artificial cold wave in renovascular hypertensive rats.SOD2 up-regulating and Bcl-10 downregulating may be involved in the mechanisms of of Naoshuantong in the prevention of cold wave-induced stroke in hypertensive rats.

Modulation of autophagy in ischemic penumbra by hydroxysafflor yellow A after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To clarify the modulation of autophagy in ischemic penumbra by hydroxysafflor yellow A ( HSYA) after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion ( I/R) injury.METHODS:Male SD rats subjected to transient middle cere-bral artery occlusion for 90 min were randomly divided into 4 groups:sham-operation (sham) group, cerebral I/R (I/R) group, I/R+HSYA group and sham+HSYA group.Modified neurological severity score (mNSS) was used to evaluate the neurological deficits of the rats at 6 h, 1 d, 3 d and 7 d after reperfusion , accompanied by the detection of autophagy , apoptosis and mRNA expression of IFN-βin ischemic penumbra .RESULTS:Compared with sham group , upregulation of LC3-Ⅱand degradation of SQSTM1/P62 were observed in I/R group, indicating the activation of autophagy after I/R.The activation of autophagy in I/R+HSYA group was significantly enhanced by HSYA on day 1 and day 3, and inhibited on day 7, as compared with I/R group (P<0.05).Besides, the mRNA expression of IFN-βin I/R group was significantly upregulated at 6 h, then downregulated on day 1 and day 3, and returned to basal level on day 7, as compared with sham group (P<0.05).In I/R+HSYA group, the mRNA expression of IFN-βwas significantly upregulated on day 1 and day 3, accompanied by the inhibition of apoptosis on day 3 and the significantly decreased mNSS from day 4, as compared with I/R group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:HSYA alleviates cerebral I/R injury by dynamically modulating the activation of autophagy and the expression of IFN-βin ischemic penumbra .

Effect of sevoflurane preconditioning on expression of heat shock protein 70 during renal ischemia-reperfusion in rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of sevoflurane preconditioning on the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) during renal ischemia-reperfusion in rats.Methods Twenty-four pathogen-free healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-300 g,aged 2-3 months,were divided into 3 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),renal I/R group (group I/R) and sevoflurane preconditioning group (group SP).The animals were anesthetized with 2％ pentobarbital sodium 50 mg/kg.After the right kidney was removed,the left renal artery was clamped for 45 min followed by 2 h reperfusion to establish the model of renal I/R injury.In group SP,2.2％ sevoflurane was inhaled for 1 h followed by 10-min washout before the model was established.The animals were sacrificed at the end of rcpcrfusion,and kidneys were then removed for determination of the expression of HSP70 (by immunohistochemistry) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in renal tissues (by thiobarbituric acid colorimetric method).Results Compared with group S,the expression of HSP70 in renal tissues was significantly up-regulated,and the MDA content in renal tissues was increased in t/R and SP groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group I/R,the expression of HSP70 in renal tissues was significantly up-regulated,and the MDA content in renal tissues was decreased in group SP (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which sevoflurane preconditioning reduces renal I/R injury is related to up-regulation of HSP70 expression in rats.

Effects of different durations of severe acute hypervolemic hemodilution on acute lung injury in rabbits / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of different durations of severe acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) on acute lung injury in rabbits.Methods Thirty-six healthy adult rabbits of both sexes, weighing 2.7-3.1 kg, were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=18 each) using a random number table: control group (C group) and AHH group.AHH was performed with 6％ hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 until the target hematocrit of 20％ was achieved in group AHH.Immediately before AHH (T0) , and at 1,2 and 4 h after AHH (T1-3) , blood samples were taken from the right femoral artery for blood gas analysis.The oxygenation index was calculated.The occurrence of acute lung injury (oxygenation index ≤ 300 mm-Hg) was recorded.After blood samples were collected at T1-3 , 6 rabbits in each group were sacrificed, and lungs were removed for determination of wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio) and aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) expression (by immuno-histochemistry).Results In group AHH, 1 rabbit developed acute lung injury at 1-2 h after AHH, and 4 rabbits developed acute lung injury at 2-4 h after AHH.Compared with group C,W/D ratio was significantly increased at T1-3, and the expression of AQP-1 was down-regulated at T2,3 in group AHH (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion Severe AHH performed with 6％ hydroxyethyl starch 130/ 0.4 with the target hematocrit reduced to 20％ and the duration ＞ 1 h induces acute lung injury in rabbits.

Effects of mechanical ventilation with heliox-oxygen on acute lung injury in rabbits / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of mechanical ventilation with heliox-oxygen on acute lung injury (ALI) in rabbits.Methods Thirty healthy New Zealand male rabbits, weighing 2.2-2.4 kg, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table: control group (C group), ALI group and mechanical ventilation with helium-oxygen group (HO group).The right common carotid artery was cannulated for fluid administration and blood sampling in the rabbits anesthetized with urethane.In ALI and HO groups, 1.2 ml/kg hydrochloric acid (HC1) of pH value 1.0 was injected into the right bronchus, followed by 2 ml air injection, and 5 min later 0.8 ml/kg HCI of pH value 1.0 was injected into the left bronchus, followed by 2 ml air injection.In C group, the equal volume of normal saline was given as previously described.After ALI, the rabbits were mechanically ventilated with airoxygen (air 50％-oxygen 50％) in C and ALI groups, or with helium-oxygen (helium 50％-oxygen 50％)in HO group.Mechanical ventilation (tidal volume 8 ml/kg, respiratory rate 30 breaths/min, inspiratory/ expiratory ratio 1 : 1) lasted for 4 h in the three groups.At 30 min before and after HC1 injection (T0,1) and 1, 2, 3 and 4 h of ventilation (T2-T5) , arterial blood samples were collected to detect the levels of surfactant-protein (SP-A) in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The animals were sacrificed at T5, and lungs were removed for examination of the pathologic changes with light microscope.The wet to dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio) was calculated.Results Compared with group C, the levels of SP-A in serum were significantly increased at T1-T5, and W/D ratio was increased in ALI and HO groups.Compared with group ALI, the levels of SP-A in serum were significantly decreased at T5, and W/D ratio was decreased in HO group.Conclusion Mechanical ventilation with heliox-oxygen can reduce ALI in rabbits.

Effect of sevoflurane on expression of calcium-sensing receptor in myocardium of rats with high-level spinal cord injury / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of sevoflurane on the expression of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in the myocardium of rats with high-level spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods Thirty healthy male Wistar rats, weighing 250-300 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups using a random number table: sham operation group (group S, n = 6) , SCI group (n =12) and sevoflurane group (group Sev).SCI was induced in anesthetized rats by dropping a l0-g weight onto C7 spinal cord from 5.0 cm height falling freely inside a vertical hollow glass tube.Group SCI inhaled 2 L/min pure oxygen for 30 min, and group Sev inhaled 2％ sevoflurane for 30 min starting from 30 min after SCI.At 12 and 24 h after SCI (T1,2) , 6 rats were selected randomly, and blood samples from the abdominal aorta were drawn for determination of serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations.The rats were then sacrificed, and myocardial specimens were obtained for determination of CaSR protein and mRNA expression (using fluorescent quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction or Western blot) and for examination of myocardial ultrastructure (with transmission electron microscope).Results Compared with group S, the serum cTnI concentrations and CaSR protein and mRNA expression were significantly increased at T1,2 in SCI and Sev groups.Compared with group SCI, the serum cTnI concentrations and CaSR protein and mRNA expression were significantly decreased at T1,2 in Sev group.The damage to myocardial cells was significantly reduced in group SCI compared with group Sev.Conclusion Sevoflurane reduces myocardial damage through inhibiting CaSR expression in the myocardium of rats with high-level SCI.

Effect of creatine phosphate sodium on myocardial protection and calcium-sensitive receptor expression after high-level spinal cord injury / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of creatine phosphate sodium on myocardial protection and calcium-sensitive receptor (CaSR) expression following high-level spinal cord injury.Methods Thirty healthy male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were assigned to sham operation,12-hour injury,24-hour injury,12-hour injury followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of creatine phosphate sodium,and 24-hour injury followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of creatine phosphate sodium according to the random number table,with 6 rats in each group.High-level spinal cord injury was induced at C7 segment by dropping a 10 g weight falling freely along the hollow glass tube from a 5 cm height.Level of blood troponin Ⅰ (cTnⅠ) was measured.Myocardial tissues were collected to study ultrastructure of myocardial cells under transmission electron microscope and CaSR expression using fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blotting.Results cTnⅠ level was (0.031 ±0.002) U/L and (0.026 ± 0.001) U/L in 12-and 24-hour injury groups,but it was reduced to (0.023 ± 0.002) U/L and (0.018 ± 0.006) U/L at the same time point in treatment groups (P ＜ 0.05).Whereas either in injnry or treatment groups,cTnⅠ level was higher than (0.004 ± 0.002) U/L in sham operation group (P ＜ 0.05).CaSR mRNA level was (0.991 ±0.146) × 10-3 and (1.245 ±0.204) × 10-3 in 12-and 24-hour injury gronp and decreased to (0.880 ± 0.096) × 10-3 and (0.782 ± 0.138) × 10 3 at the same time point in treatment groups (P ＜ 0.05),but all were higher than (0.437 ± 0.065) × 10-3 in sham operation group (P ＜ 0.05).CaSR protein expressed in 12-and 24-hour injury group was (0.627 ±0.066) × 10 3 and (0.809 ±0.154) ×10 3 and lowered to (0.505 ±0.176) × 10-3 and (0.524 ±0.138) × 10-3 at the same time point in treatment groups,but all were higher than (0.331 ± 0.102) × 10-3 in sham operation group (P ＜ 0.05).Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated normal myocardial ultrastructure in sham operation group but impairment in injury groups,but the impairment was significantly improved in treatment groups.Conclusion Creatine phosphate sodium can decrease cTnⅠ level,attenuate the damage to myocardial ultrastructure and down-regulate CaSR after high-level spinal cord injury.

Postoperative nursing of ocular hypertensive patients having undergone vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy / 现代临床护理

Objective To summarize the nursing experience of nursing ocular hypertensive patients having undergone vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy.Methods Twenty-one ocular hypertensive patients having undergone vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy were assisted to take the correct posture.They were closely observed for timely detection of ocular symptoms and signs and asked to take antihypertensive drugs.At the same time,those with neovascular glaucoma and laser iris neovascular glaucoma plasty were carefully nursed.Results Among the 21 patients(25 eyes),15 patients(18 eyes)had intraocular pressure normalized by way of medicine treatment,the intraocular pressure in another two eyes normalized after laser peripheral iridoplasty;the pressure in another one normalized after laser peripheral iridoplasty combined with peripheral iridectomy and another 4 eyes developed with neovascular glaucoma.Conclusion Combined with the operation,postoperative observation and nursing of postoperative high intraocular pressure can effectively reduce the incidence of ocular hypertension after pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Progress in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in children / 中国小儿急救医学

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease.The prevalence of IPF is increasing year by year,and the diagnostic process is complex,the mortality rate is more than 50％ in children.It has been demonstrated by multicenter,randomized,placebo-controlled trials that most of the clinical assays performed with corticosteroids,immunomodulators and antifibrotic drugs have shown inconclusive results for the treatment of IPF.To date,only pirfenidone has been proved to have significant efficacy in controlled clinical trials in the treatment of IPF.There has been an exponential increase in the number of compounds entering clinical trials for IPF in the last decade.The therapeutic use of new stem cell translantation will have a broad prospect in IPF.

Psychological status of patients having undergone eyeball enucleation and relative nursing strategies / 现代临床护理

Objective To study the psychological status of patients having undergone eyeball enucleation,and put forward the corresponding strategy for psychological nursing.Method The symptom checklist-90(SCL-90)was used to investigate their psychological status after eyeball enucleation.Result The scores on interpersonal relationship sensitivity factor,depression factor, anxiety factor and terror factor(28?78±0?61),(40?76±0?65),(33?86±0?62)and(23?88±0?46),respectively.Conclusions Pertinent psychological nursing may help patients to eliminate the adverse emotional and psychological pressures,promoting them to develop a good state of mind,and return to the society better?

Implementation of the undergraduate tutorial system intended for four-year medical English undergraduates / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Innovation of cultivation mode and concepts for medical English should be suited to the requirements of making university academically outstanding by its individualized school-running,requirements of strengthening distinguished majors as well as needs for qualified medical English graduates.Through combining undergraduate tutorial system of lower grades with undergraduate tutorial system of higher grades,continuing implementing concepts of team cooperation,strengthening holistic education concept and guiding the development of students' individual personality and academic study based on stages,tutors and tutorial team can play their central roles in the training and molding of qualified medical English undergraduates,ultimately realizing the unity of process cultivation and objective cultivation.

Effects of sevoflurane preconditioning on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane preconditioning on renal ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in rats.Methods Twenty-four adult male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=8 each):sham operation group (group S);I/R group; sevoflurane preconditioning group (group SP). After the rats underwent right nephrectomy, renal I/R was produced by occlusion of left renal artery for 45 min followed by reperfusion in I/R and SP groups.In group SP, the rats inhaled 2.2% sevoflurane for 1 h, then the inhalation was stopped and renal ischemia was performed 10 min later. Venous blood samples were collected at 2 h of reperfusion to determine the concentrations of serum creatinine(Cr), urea nitrogen (BUN), cystatin C (Cys C) . The renal tissues were obtained for microscopic examination, and Paller's score was recorded. Results Compared with group S, there was no significant difference in the serum Cr and BUN concentrations (P＞0.05), while the serum Cys C concentration and Paller's score for acute renal tubular injury were significantly increased in group I/R(P＜0.05). The serum Cys C concentration and Paller's score were significantly lower in group SP than in group I/R(P＜0.05).I/R-induced renal injury was significantly reduced in group SP compared with group I/R. Conclusion Preconditioning with sevoflurane can provide significant protection against renal I/R injury.

Role of myocardial calcium-sensing receptor in a rats model of high-level spinal cord injury / 中华麻醉学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of myocardial calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in a rat model of high-level spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsEighteen healthy male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 2 groups:sham operation group(group S,n ＝6) and SCI group(n ＝ 12).SCI model was induced by dropping a 10 g weight onto spinal cord (C7) in freely vertical falling along the hollow glass tube from 5 cm height.The blood samples were taken 12 and 24 h after SCI in group SCI and 12 h after SCI in group S,and serum activity of creatine kinase(CK) and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinsse(CK-MB) were measured.Then myocardium specimens were obtained for uhrastructure examination and determination of CaSR mRNA and protien expression by fluorescence quantitative RCR and Western blot.Results Serum activities of CK and CK-MB and CaSR mRNA and protein expression were higher in group SCI than in group S.Serum activity of CK and CaSR mRNA expression were higher,and serum activity of CK-MB was lower at 24 h after SCI than that at 12 h after SCI.There was no significantly difference in CaSR protein expression between the two time points in group SCI.The ultrastructure examination showed that myocardial injury was found in group SCI.ConclusionThe expression of CaSR is up-regulated after SCI in rats,which might be the mechanism of myocardial injury after SCI.

Study of a talents' cultivation pattern in medical English / 中华医学教育探索杂志

According to the current development of Chinese medicine, frequent international communication in the field of medicine and fewer talents with medical English, the paper emphasizes the urgent need to cultivate talented people in medical English, establishes a new talenta' training pattern through optimization in curricula, reform in training methods and improvement of evaluation system and supporting measures based on modem educational concept.

Effect of different degrees of acute normovolemic hemodilution on mucous membrane of small intestine in rabbits / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of different degrees of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) with 6% HES 200/0.5 on mucous membrane of small intestine in rabbits. Methods Thirty-two adult rabbits weighing 2.0-2.5 kg were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 8 each): Ⅰ control group underwent no ANH, and Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ group underwent ANH with hematocrit (Hct) reduced to 24%, 18% and 12% respectively (group H1-3 ). The animals were anesthetized with 20% urethane 4 ml/kg, thracheostomized and mechanically ventilated (VT = 8 ml/kg, RR = 50 bpm). The body temperature was maintained at 36.5-37.6 ℃. Left carotid artery was cannulated for MAP monitoring and blood sampling. Right jugular vein was cannulated for CVP monitoring. Blood withdrawn from femoral artery was simultaneously replaced by iv infusion of equal volume of HES (200/0.5) until the target Hct was achieved. Blood samples were obtained from superior mesenteric vein (SMV)for determination of plasma concentrations of TNF-α before ANH(T0) and at 8 h after ANH (T1). Small intestinal mucosal tissues were obtained at T1 to observe the pathological changes by electron microscopy. Results Compared with those at T0, plasma concentrations of TNF-a in SMV were significantly increased at T1 in group H2 and H3 ( P ＜ 0.01 ), but no significant change was found in group H1 ( P ＞ 0.05). Compared with group C, plasma concentrations of TNF-α in SMV were significantly increased in group H2 and H3 ( P ＜ 0.01 ), but no significant change was found in group H1 ( P ＞ 0.05). No injury was found in mucous membrane of small intestine in group H1 . The injury to mucous membrane of small intestine was mild in group H2 and severe in group H3 . Conclusion ANH with 6% HES 200/0.5 does not affect mucous membrane of small intestine when Hct is reduced to 24% The injury to mucous membrane of small intestine occurs when Hct is reduced to≤ 18%.

Clinical significance of changes of RBC [Ca2 +]i levels in the neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective To explore the role of RBC[Ca2+]i levels in pathogenesis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates. Methods Twenty-eight neonates with moderate and severe HIE hospitalizeal from Jun. 2002 to Mar. 2006 were enrolled the study. The neonates with HIE were given routine treatment and Nimodipine for 7～10 days. Blood samples were collected before treatment and at 72 hours,7～10 days after treatment respectively. The levels of RBC [Ca2+]i were measured by Fura-2/AM. Twenty healthy full-term neonates were studied as controls. Results (1) The levels of RBC [Ca2+] i in the neonates with moderate and severe HIE were significantly higher than that in control group at every time points( P＜0. 05 ,P＜0.01). (2) the levels of RBC[Ca2+]i in the neonates with moderate and severe HIE peaked at 72 hours after treatment,and were still significantly higher than that of control group at 7～10 days after treatment(P＜0. 05). (3) In the neonates with HIE,RBC[Ca2+ ]i levels correlated positively with the severity of HIE ( r = 0. 447, P＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion RBC [Ca2+ ] i levels are closely associated with pathogenesis of HIE, and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIE. Evaluating RBC [ Ca2+] i levels in neonate after birth may provide clinical clues for the early diagnosis and prognosis assessment of HIE.

Effects of different degrees of acute normovolemic hemodtiution on serum S-100B protein concentration and cerebral oxygen metabolism in rabbits / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of different degrees of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) with 6% HES 20010.5 on serum S-100B protein concentration and cerebral oxygen metabolism at 37℃ in rabbits.Methods Thirty-two adult rabbits weighing 2.0-2.5 kg were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 8each) : Ⅰ control group underwent no ANH and Ⅱ , Ⅲ , Ⅳ ANH group underwent ANH with hematocrit (Hct)reduced to 24%, 18% and 12% respectively. The animals were anesthetized with iv 20% urethane 5 ml/kg,tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated (VT = 15 ml/kg, RR = 30 bpm). The body temperature was maintained at 37℃. Left carotid artery and jugular vein were cannulated for BP monitoring, blood gas analysis and blood sampling. Right jugular vein was cannulated for CVP monitoring. Left femoral artery and vein were cannulated for hemodilution. Blood withdrawn from femoral artery was simultaneously replaced by iv infusion of equal volume of HES (200/0.5) until the target Hct was achieved. Hemodynamics parameters, were recorded and blood gases were analyzed and serum S-100B protein concentration and cerebral O2 metabolic rate (CERO2) were determined before (baseline) and at 2, 4 and 8 h after ANH. Brain water content was measured by wet/dry brain weight ratio. Results There were no significant differences in serum S-100B protein concentration, CERO2 and pH value between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ (Hct 24%). Serum S-100B protein concentration and CERO2 were significantly increased at 8 h after ANH as compared with the baseline before ANH in group Ⅰ (Her 18%). Serun S-100B protein concentration and CERO2 were significantly increased at 2, 4 and 8 h after ANH as compared with the baseline before ANH in group Ⅳ (Hct 12%). There was no significant difference in brain water content among the 4 groups. Conclusion ANH does not affect cerebral O2 metabolic when Hct is reduced to 24%. CERO2 can not be sustained and ischemic cerebral injury may occur when Hct is reduced to≤18%.

Prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia by combination of proton pump inhibitors and octreotide / 中华胰腺病杂志

Objective To assess the efficacy of proton pump inhibitors for preventing post-endoscopio retrograde cholangiopancreatography (post-ERCP) pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia. Methods A total of 250 patients, who underwent successful ERCP, were randomized into control group (n = 126) or treatment group (n=124) after ERCP. All patients received octreotide, the patients in treatment group received omeprazole 40 mg i. v. every 12 h; while the patients in control group received same amount of normal saline. The serum level of amylase at 4, 24 h and TNF-a were determined and the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis was documented. Results There were no differences in age, sex and proportion of therapeutic procedures performed between the two groups. The serum amylase and TNF-a levels at 4, 24h were (221 ± 31) U/L, (181 ±39) U/L, (0.264 ±0.052) ng/ml and (0.257 ±0.071) ng/ml in treatment group, respectively; which were significantly lower than (272 ±32) U/L, (227 ±30) U/L, (0. 372 ±0.047) ng/ml and (0.422 ±0.026) ng/ml in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of pancreatitis in proton pump inhibitors group was 1.6%, which was significantly lower than that in control group (5.6% , P = 0. 04) . Conclusions Combination of proton pump inhibitors and octreotide could effectively decrease the incidence of post-ERCP hyperamylasemia and pancreatitis.

CT Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Orbital Inflammatory Pseudotumor(A Report of 58 Cases) / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the CT findings of orbital inflammatory pseudotumor in different types and to improve the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of this disease.Methods CT findings of orbital inflammatory pseudotumor in 58 cases confirmed by clinic or pathology were analysed retrospectively.Results This disease could be categorized five types according to CT findings: ①mass type in 5 cases (8.6%), the characteristic CT findings were soft-tissue masses in intraorbit; ②diffusion type in 5 cases (8.6%) showed retrobulbar fat interspace of high-density without masses; ③myositis type in 22 cases(37.9%) showed the enlargement of entire muscles including the tendinous insertion;④lacrimal galnd type in 6 cases(10.3%) showed enlargement of lacrimal gland on CT; ⑤the mixed type in 20 cases (34.5%) showed hypertrophy of the extra-ocular muscles adjacent to mass and high-density of surrounding fat ,or hypertrophy of the extra-ocular muscles adjacent to enlarged lacrimal gland.There were in different degree of paranasal sinusitis such as maxillary sinusitis and/or ethmoid sinusitis in 22 cases(37.9%).Conclusion CT scan is of important role in diagnosing and differential diagnosing orbital inflammatory pseudotumor.