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Objective To predict and preliminarily verify the potential targets and related signaling pathways of Artemisia annua L. in treating glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) with kidney-yin deficiency by network pharmacology and in vitro experiments. Methods The pharmacological targets of Artemisia annua L. were obtained from TCMSP database and were converted to gene names through Uniprot database. The target genes of GIOP with kidney-yin deficiency were obtained from GeneCards database, OMIM database and Drugbank database, and the common target genes were obtained by cross analysis with drug target gene. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by String database, and visualization analysis and core targets screening were performed by Cytoscape 3.9.0. All common targets were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analysis through Metascape database. Finally, the prediction results were verified by in vitro experiments. Results Ninety-eight targets of Artemisia annua L. to GIOP with kidney-yin deficiency were screened, including 17 core genes. The results of GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis indicated that Artemisia annua L. treating GIOP with kidney-yin deficiency was related to biological processes such as hormonal response, positive regulation of cell death and extracellular stimulation response, et al, as well as signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT, AGE/RAGE, MAPK and IL-17 et al. The number of genes enriched in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was the largest. In vitro experiment results showed that Artemisia annua L. promoted the proliferation of osteoblasts damaged by dexamethasone (DEX), increased alkaline phosphatase activity, activated PI3K/AKT pathway, and promoted the phosphorylation of AKT. Conclusion Artemisia annua L. treating GIOP with kidney-yin deficiency has the characteristics of multi-targets and multi-pathway, which could promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts through multiple pathways. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is an important pathway. Artemisia annua L. treating GIOP with kidney-yin deficiency might be related to its ability to promote the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and promote the phosphorylation of AKT.
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Objective:To observe the interventative effect of Ziyin-Huatan Decoction by regulating exosomes on subcutaneous tumor of mice with gastric cancer. Methods:MGC-803 cells were randomly divided into exosome control group, low-dose group and high-dose group. The low-dose group and high-dose group were intervened with Ziyin-Huatan Decoction of 25 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml respectively. After 48 hours, the exosomes secreted by MGC-803 cells in each group were extracted. Twenty BALB/c male mice were randomly divided into exosome control group, low-dose Ziyin-Huatan Decoction group, high-dose Ziyin-Huatan Decoction group and blank control group, with 5 mice in each group. Except for the blank control group, the mice in the other groups were injected with exosomes extracted from the cells of the corresponding group through the orbit, 10 μg/time for each mouse, once every other day, a total of 15 times; the blank control group was injected with the same amount of PBS. Then SGC-7901 cells were inoculated into mice to establish a tumor model. The tumorigenic rate and body weight of mice were observed. The levels of CD31, VEGF and bFGF in tumor tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results:Compared with the blank control group, the tumor weight [(170.00 ± 10.00) mg vs. (343.33 ± 20.82) mg] and the expression of CD31 (37.43 ± 0.55 vs. 63.30 ± 0.85), VEGF (11.37 ± 1.19 vs. 70.30 ± 0.72) and bFGF (43.77 ± 1.53 vs. 84.97 ± 1.86) in the high-dose Ziyin-Huatan Decoction group significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Compared with exosome control group, the expressions of CD31, VEGF and bFGF in low and high dose Ziyin-Huatan Decoction groups were decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Ziyin-Huatan Decoction can significantly inhibit the growth of subcutaneous tumor of gastric cancer in mice by regulating exudation, which may be related to the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis.
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Edible Chinese medicine is a significant part of traditional Chinese medicine. With the concept of "disease prevention", it can be used in all stages of epidemic prevention and control. This paper introduced the current status of anti-epidemic applications of edible medicines in detoxifying by heat-clearing or blood-cooling, removing dampness and turbidity, Qi and Yin tonifying, etc. In addition, new suggestions and strategies were provided for the professionals in this aera.
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Professor WEI Pin-kang has engaged in prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors through intrgrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine for more than forty years. According to the characteristics of the gastric cancer development and using the philosophy thinking of TCM comparative states, combined with the ancient theory of phlegm syndrome in TCM, Professor WEI Pin-kang put foward his original theory that is the concept of phlegm differentiation of gastric cancer theory, and built the theory of the stomach sputum pollution, which can renovate the body's environment, eradicating the cause and improving the quality of life for cancer patients.
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Objective To explore the composition and distribution law of TCM syndromes in gastric cancer. Methods Based on the multicenter and large-sample clinical epidemiological investigation, the four methods of diagnosis of and clinical materials of 767 cases of gastric cancer were collected, and the database of TCM syndromes in gastric cancer was establish. Factor analysis and clustering analysis were used to explore composition and distribution law of TCM syndromes in gastric cancer. Results Gastric cancer symptoms mainly included fatigue, weight loss, dizziness and other non-specific systemic manifestation, and epigastria discomfort, belching, fullness or eating just a little swelling, pain, acid regurgitation, loss of appetite and other local manifestations. At the same time, the red tongue, moss greasy, pulse fine or string and other traditional Chinese medicine signs were also included. Eliminating 92 cases with too little symptoms, 675 cases were under multivariate analyzed. 25 syndrome variables were selected after initial factor analysis, again through factor analysis 10 factors with eigenvalues more than 1.0 were obtained and the cumulative contribution rate was 60.5%. Through further K-means clustering analysis on 10 common factor integrals, it was found that when all the cases were clustered into 7 classes consistent with clinical practice most. The numbers of patients with the 1-7 type were 165, 82, 90, 79, 88, 95 and 76, respectively. Analysis on the main factors in the combination of professional knowledge, the 7 types were named as the syndrome of spleen and stomach qi stagnation (24.44%), the syndrome of qi and blood deficiency (12.15%), the syndrome of spleen deficiency (13.33%), the syndrome of blood stasis (11.70%), the syndrome of phlegm dampness (13.04%), the syndrome of deficiency cold of spleen and stomach (14.07%), the syndrome of incoordination between liver/gallbladder and stomach (11.41%) respectively. Conclusion The results of multivariate analysis suggests that the location of gastric cancer is in the stomach, and closely related to spleen, liver and gallbladder. The general pathogenesis is asthenia in origin and asthenia in superficiality. The deficiency lies in qi, blood and yang qi, while asthenia superficiality owes to stagnation of qi, phlegm and blood stasis.
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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), an important component of complementary and alternative medicine, has evolved over thousands of years with its own unique system of theories, diagnostics and therapies. TCM has been increasingly used in the last decades and become well known for its significant role in preventing and treating cancer. We believe that TCM possesses advantages over Western medicine in specific aspects at a certain stage of cancer treatment. Here we summarize the advantages of TCM from three aspects: preventing tumorigenesis; attenuating toxicity and enhancing the treatment effect; and reducing tumor recurrence and metastasis.
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Syndromes constitute a core aspect in the study of Chinese medicine, and research on the concept of syndromes is important to the study of the process of modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. However, it is somewhat challenging to define a syndrome due to the complexity inherent in the subject, even with the assistance of the reductionism approach of modern medicine. Holistic and dynamic in nature and attaching much importance to functional changes, the newly emerging metabonomics is in many ways inline with the concepts of syndrome differentiation of pathological states in traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, metabonomics has comparatively strong advantages in the very respect of revealing the natural laws of syndrome differentiation. By reviewing and analyzing the current research on the concept of syndromes and the application of metabonomic technology to exploring the essential core of syndrome differentiation, the authors illustrated the potential commonalities. This would also show the issues requiring attention between the study of syndromes and the metabonomic technology. In the meantime this study reflected the core problems in detail and put forward suggestions with regard to reaching solutions.
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The author explained the definition and its scientific value of "cancerous toxin" proposed by Professor Chang-quan Ling, pointing out that it is helpful for better understanding the pathogenic factor and guiding the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In regard to the new definition of "cancerous toxin", the author put forward three key issues which should be solved in the field of integrated Chinese and Western medicine. First, the pathological property of cancerous toxin should be uncovered. Second, the relationship between cancerous toxin and syndrome differentiation or dosage of herbs need be further explored. Last, the cause of cancerous toxin is still unknown.
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To study the clinical efficacy of Pihui Fanggan Sachet (PHFGS), a sachet of traditional Chinese herbs, in preventing influenza and its immune regulation on mice.
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In order to explore the dose-response patterns of Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) in Shanghan Lun (Treatise on Febrile Diseases), all prescriptions containing Gancao in Shanghan Lun were analyzed by frequency and hierarchical clustering analysis. The doses of Gancao used in Shanghan Lun ranged from six zhu (Chinese unit, and one zhu is equal to 0.65 g) to four liang (Chinese unit, and one liang is equal to 15.625 g). Doses of one, two, three or four liang were commonly used. One liang Gancao as juvantia was usually matched with Mahuang (Herba Ephedrae), Xingren (Semen Armeniacae) and Guizhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi) for restricting the excessive diaphoresis of Mahuang. Two liang Gancao was often matched with some couple drugs, such as Guizhi and Shaoyao (Radix Paeoniae), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) and Zhimu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae), Fuzi (Radix Aconiti Lateralis) and Ganjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis), for warming yang to supplement qi, nourishing yin, detoxifying Fuzi, and preventing qi impairment from heat evil. Three liang Gancao was mainly matched with Banxia (Rhizoma Pinelliae) or Renshen (Radix Ginseng) for treating middle energizer emesis. Four liang Gancao was matched with Ganjiang or tonifying herbs for invigorating vital qi and relieving spasm in deficiency syndromes with contraction, palpitation or diarrhea. Gancao is used for treating many syndromes in Shanghan Lun. It is frequently used to treat excess or heat syndromes with one or two liang in a dose and deficiency or cold syndromes with three or four liang in a dose.
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To explore the laws in syndrome differentiation of Taiyang disease and the prescriptions and herbs used in its treatment in Shanghan Lun (Treatise on Febrile Diseases).
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To investigate the effects of a formula of components from Shengmai Powder, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in rats after thermal injury.
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To observe sublingual vein characteristics and the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) proteins in sublingual tissues of Beagle dogs with cirrhotic portal hypertension.
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The "opening-closing-pivoting" theory on the six meridians is one of the difficult points in the study of Shang Han Lun (Treatise on Cold Diseases). The authors give an explanation on the space and time differentiation of three-yin and three-yang as well as the "opening-closing-pivoting" theory based on the predecessor's experience, and then analyze the physiological and pathological characteristics of the six-meridian disorders.
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On the basis of outpatients' medical records concerning primary liver cancer (PLC), data of 552 patients (with 2020 effective prescriptions) from the Outpatient Department of Changhai Hospital treated by Professor Ling Changquan were collected. The nature, flavor and meridian distribution of the herbs used in the prescriptions were summarized by frequency method, and the features of the herbs used according to syndrome differentiation were analyzed by logistic regression. The couple herbs used were analyzed by cluster analysis. All the data were analyzed in combination with the experience of the specialist. It showed that most of the frequently used herbs were herbs for invigorating the spleen to promote appetite, removing toxic materials to inhibit tumor growth, and activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis. These herbs are mostly of plain or cool nature, and mainly of sweet, bitter, or acrid taste. It also showed that the most frequently used herbs for qi deficiency were Astragalus membranaceus, Atractylodes macrocephala, and Pseudostellariae; Caulis Spatholobi and Chinese jujube for blood asthenia; Fructus Corni and Ophiopogon japonicus for yin deficiency; Agastache rugosa, Semen Plantaginis and Poria for water-dampness; cape jasmine fruit and baikal skullcap root for heat excess; peach seed and Radix Paeoniae Rubra for blood stasis; Curcuma wenyujin, Akebia trifoliata and Bupleurum chinese for qi stagnation. A total of 19 pairs of couple herbs were summarized by the cluster analysis.
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The time of six meridians diseases tending to be cured in Shang Han Lun (Treatise on Cold Diseases) is always one of the key points for study, but up till now no satisfied explanations are made. The authors try to study it on the basis of the theory of "three-yin and three-yang" according to the relationship between human body and the environment.
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Objective To extract the color feature of tongue image.Methods The tongue image was divided into 8?8 dynamic rectangular grids. Then the color histogram of each grid was calculated. All of them composed a high-dimensional vector (we call it the original feature vector).Finally, the dimensionality of the original feature vector was reduced by using Landmark Isomap. Results Experiments on 3 594 tongue images showed that several color features of tongue image, such as the color of tongue substance, the color of tongue coat, the shades of tongue color, and so on could be extracted. Conclusion This proposed method can be used to extract the color feature of tongue image effectively.
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[Objective] To explore the mechanism of its formation of sublingual varix in patients with primary liver cancer(PLC) and from the vessels and haemodynamics so as to establish the basis for its future clinical study.[Methods] The related indexes of the haemodynamics vessels tongue and the portal system were measured by Doppler ultrasound.Then the mechanism of the formation of abnormal sublingual varix was explored from the local microcirculation of tongue,the morphology and haemodynamics of the tongue vessels and portal system.[Conclusion]The formation of abnormal sublingual varix was related to haemodynamics of the tongue,and the abnormal morphology and haemodynamics of portal system.The deep mechanism need to be further explored.
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OBJECTIVE: To find out some microscopically visible morphological differences in normal tongue manifestation between patients with primary liver cancer and healthy adults, and provide some beneficial evidences for microcosmic syndrome differentiation of tongue inspection. METHODS: Microcirculations of the tongue tip, which represented the macroscopical normal tongue manifestation, were observed under an optical microscope in patients with primary liver cancer and healthy adults. Exfoliated cells from tongue coating were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS: The proportion of normal tongue manifestation was larger in healthy adults (38.89%) than that in patients with primary liver cancer (2.32%). The total score of microcirculation of tongue tip and the maturation index of exfoliated cells from tongue coating were both higher in patients with primary liver cancer than those in healthy adults with normal tongue manifestation (P<0.01, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Normal tongue manifestation, which is macroscopically visible, can be observed in both patients with primary liver cancer and healthy adults, but there exists obvious difference in microcosmic view.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between the width of lingual varix and changes of hemodynamics of portal system in patients with primary liver cancer so as to supply the data for the forecast of portal hypertension by observing lingual varix. METHODS: The diameter of lingual vein (Dlv) was measured by vernier caliper as dependent variable, and the diameters and indexes of hemodynamics of portal vessels were measured by Doppler as independent variables, then a multipe stepwise analysis was performed. RESULTS: The diameters of portal vein (Dpv) and splenic vein (Dsv) entered the formula Dlv (mm) = 0.185 + 0.311 Dsv (mm) + 0.236 Dpv (mm) when the entry and removal values were alpha(in)=0.10 and alpha(out)=0.15, respectively. CONCLUSION: The width of lingual vein is closely correlated with the diameters of portal vein and splenic vein in patients with primary liver cancer.