Research Progress of Inpatients’ Living Wills / 中国医学伦理学

By reviewing the necessity, current status of cognitive attitudes, influencing factors, and improvement strategies of inpatients’ living wills, this paper proposed to strengthen the publicity and promotion of living wills to advance the development of death with dignity, improve relevant influencing factors, and provide feasible solutions for living wills, and actively develop tools to assess the cognition and attitude of living wills, with a view to providing reference for further promoting the application of living wills in inpatients and improving related research.

Accuracy of three-dimensional periodontal ligament models generated using cone-beam computed tomography at different resolutions for the assessment of periodontal bone loss / 대한치과교정학회지

Objective@#To develop a method for generating three-dimensional (3D) digital models of the periodontal ligament (PDL) using 3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) reconstruction and to evaluate the accuracy and agreement of the 3D PDL models in the measurement of periodontal bone loss. @*Methods@#CBCT data collected from four patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion prior to periodontal surgery were reconstructed at three voxel sizes (0.2 mm, 0.25 mm, and 0.3 mm), and 3D tooth and alveolar bone models were generated to obtain digital PDL models for the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. Linear measurements of the alveolar bone crest obtained during periodontal surgery were compared with the digital measurements for assessment of the accuracy of the digital models. The agreement and reliability of the digital PDL models were analyzed using intra- and interexaminer correlation coefficients and Bland–Altman plots. @*Results@#Digital models of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth, PDL, and alveolar bone of the four patients were successfully established. Relative to the intraoperative measurements, linear measurements obtained from the 3D digital models were accurate, and there were no significant differences among different voxel sizes at different sites. High diagnostic coincidence rates were found for the maxillary anterior teeth. The digital models showed high intra- and interexaminer agreement. @*Conclusions@#Digital PDL models generated by 3D CBCT reconstruction can provide accurate and useful information regarding the alveolar crest morphology and facilitate reproducible measurements. This could assist clinicians in the evaluation of periodontal prognosis and establishment of an appropriate orthodontic treatment plan.

Development of student physical fitness monitoring system in different countries across the world / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#The student physical fitness is a common concern of all countries in the world. Many countries have carried out the monitoring of student physical fitness, routinely. The current internationally representative student physical fitness monitoring systems include FitnessGram in the United States, the Passport for Life in Canada, the EuroFit test in Europe, the Labor and Defense System in Russia, the new National Statistical Survey on Physical Fitness and Motor Ability in Japan, and the National Physical Fitness Award in Singapore. After summarizing the above six monitoring systems of students physical fitness from the aspects of index system, Evaluation Standard and result application, this review pays attention to teenagers physical fitness from two dimensions of health related physical fitness and skill related physical fitness, the idea and operation of adding normal reference standard to provide individual health guidance for students can provide reference for the revision of Chinese students physical fitness monitoring system.

3DSlicer software assisted microsurgery for parafalcine meningioma through contralateral longitudinal fissure approach / 中国综合临床

Objective:To evaluate the effect of microsurgery for parafalcine meningioma through contralateral longitudinal fissure approach assisted by 3DSlicer software.Methods:From January 2020 to January 2021, 18 patients with parafalcine meningioma in The second hospital of Hebei Medical University were randomly selected as the observation group.The contralateral longitudinal fissure was treated by microsurgery assisted by 3DSlicer software.Before operation, improve the imaging examinations such as brain CT plain and enhancement, magnetic resonance angiography and magnetic resonance venography, establish the models of tumor, superior sagittal sinus and superior cerebral artery by using 3DSlicer software, analyze the positional relationship between tumor and superior sagittal sinus and superior cerebral vein, and remove the tumor by contralateral longitudinal fissure approach.Nineteen patients with parafalx meningioma treated by traditional ipsilateral longitudinal fissure approach from January to December 2019 were selected as the control group.The differences in operation time, intraoperative bleeding, limb muscle strength recovery rate, headache and dizziness relief rate were compared between the two groups.Results:In the observation group, the positional relationship between the reconstructed tumor and the superior cerebral vein above its base was completely consistent with the actual situation during the operation.All patients underwent Simpson grade I resection, and there was no injury to the superior cerebral vein and venous sinus during the operation.The recovery rate of limb muscle strength in the observation group (75%(9/12)) was higher than that in the control group (23%(3/13))( P=0.009). There was no significant difference in the operation time, intraoperative bleeding and the remission rate of headache and dizziness one week after operation in the observation group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:3DSlicer software was helpful for preoperative evaluation of the positional relationship between parafalcine meningioma and the anatomic structures such as superior cerebral vein and superior sagittal sinus.Under the guiding of 3DSlicer software, surgeon removed the tumor totally through the contralateral longitudinal fissure approach, which effectively reduced the operative side injury of the important structures such as superior cerebral vein and functional cerebral cortex, and contributed highly to the recovery of limb muscle strength of patients.

Application of Mixed Reality Technology in Surgical Resection of Vestibular Schwannoma and Doctor-patient Communication / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To investigate application value and significance of mixed reality technology in surgical treatment and doctor-patient communication for vestibular schwannoma. Methods We selected randomly 13 vestibular schwannoma patients treated with surgical treatment. After the three-dimensional models were constructed, preoperative surgical planning and doctor-patient communication were performed with mixed reality technology. Craniotomy through retrosigmoid sinus approach, tumor resection and facial nerve protection were achieved intraoperatively with the assistance of mixed reality technology. Questionnaires were collected and facial nerve function of 13 patients was recorded one week after operation. Results Holographic model images of 13 cases were showed successfully using mixed reality technology. The locations of preoperative facial nerves reconstructed were completely consistent with actual locations in 10 cases (84.6%). After preoperative anatomic analysis, it was decided to remove partly the posterior wall of the internal auditory canal in 11 cases. The result of doctor-patient communication questionnaire showed that 13 patients and their family all had a thorough understanding of the condition, operative plan and risks, and expressed satisfaction with the preoperative conversation. With the assistance of mixed reality technology, the tumors were resected totally without injury of vein sinus in 13 cases. The facial nerve function was gradeⅠin 3 cases, gradeⅡin 6 cases, grade Ⅲ in 3 case and grade Ⅳ in 1 case based on House-Brackmann grading one week after surgery. Conclusion Mixed reality technology is quite helpful in individual surgical planning and preoperative doctor-patient communication. It helps reduce the side injuries of surgery and protect the function of facial nerve as a surgical assistant tool intraoperatively.

Digital evaluation of supracrestal gingival thickness induced by periodontal regenerative and corticotomy surgery in patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective@#To establish a quantitative three-dimensional method based on intraoral scan to evaluate the changes of soft tissue, and to evaluate the changes of supracrestal gingival thickness (SGT) in skeletal class Ⅲ patients induced by periodontal regenerative and corticotomy surgery (PRCS).@*Methods@#Twenty-two systematically and periodontally healthy skeletal class Ⅲ patients (4 males and 18 females, aged between 19 and 35 years), who were in need of combined orthodontic-orthognathic treatment and referred to the Department of Periodontology from the Department of Orthodontics and the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January, 2018 to March, 2019, were collected in the study. The teeth involved were 112 anterior teeth (46 maxillary anterior teeth and 66 mandibular anterior teeth). PRCS in anterior tooth area was conducted before orthodontic decompensation. Probing depth (PD), bleeding index (BI) and keratinized gingiva width (KGW) were recorded before surgery and 6 months post-surgery. The intraoral digital impressions of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth were obtained by 3-shape intraoral scanner before surgery and 6 months after surgery. The Standard Tessellation Language (STL) files were processed using Geomagic qualify 12.2 software to establish the soft tissue morphological measurement model, and to quantitatively analyze the changes of gingival thickness situated 1 to 2 mm apical to the free gingival margin on the median sagittal measurement plane.@*Results@#Probing depth and bleeding index had no significant difference before and 6 months after operation (P>0.05). KGW in 6-month post-operation group [(5.18±2.32) mm] was significantly higher than that in pre-operation group [(4.22±1.43) mm] (P<0.05). Supracrestal gingival thickness situated 1 to 2 mm apical to the free gingival margin also significantly increased 6 months after surgery (P<0.05). The changes of gingival thickness situated 1 to 2 mm apical to the free gingival margin in the upper anterior area were (0.68±0.56) and (1.00±0.69) mm, respectively. The changes in the lower anterior area were (0.38±0.42) and (0.58±0.45) mm, respectively. The gingival changes of the upper anterior teeth were also significantly higher than those of the lower anterior teeth (P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#The described quantitative measurement based on intraoral scan could be an effective method for quantitative evaluation of the changes of soft tissue. PRCS could safely increase the supracrestal gingival thickness as well as KGW in skeletal class Ⅲ patients who were in need of combined orthodontic-orthognathic treatment.

Survival analysis of 118 chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with abnormal TP53 gene in the era of traditional immunochemotherapy / 中华血液学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the survival and first-line immune-chemotherapy (CIT) of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with abnormal TP53 gene in the era of traditional CIT.@*Methods@#The clinical data of 118 CLL patients diagnosed from January 2003 to August 2017 were collected. Survival was analyzed according to indicators including sex, age, Binet risk stratification, B symptoms, β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) , immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene (IGHV) mutation status, chromosome karyotype and TP53 gene deletion/mutation. The efficacy of first-line CIT of 101 CLL patients was further analyzed.@*Results@#Among 118 patients, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 12 (95%CI 10.148-13.852) months and median overall survival (OS) was 53 (95%CI 41.822-64.178) months, only 30.5% patients survived over 5 years. Low β2-MG<3.5 mg/L indicated longer PFS (P=0.027) , female and Binet A patients had longer OS (P=0.011 and 0.013, respectively) . Of 118 patients, 17 (14.4%) didn’t receive any therapy until follow-up time or the dead time. Among the 101 patients who received ≥1 CIT, median time to first treatment (TTFT) was 1 (0-62) months, patients in Binet A had longer TTFT (P<0.001) compared to the patients in Binet B/C. According to statistical needs, we divided those first-line CIT into four groups: there were 30 cases (29.7%) in mild chemotherapy group (mainly treated with nitrogen mustard phenylbutyrate or rituximab alone) , 32 cases (31.7%) in the fludarabine-containing group, 23 cases (22.8%) in high-dose methyprednisolone (HDMP) containing group and 16 cases (15.8%) in the other chemotherapy group. The first regimen contained HDMP can bring longer PFS (P<0.001) , however the OS between four groups had no statistical differences.@*Conclusion@#CLL patients with abnormal TP53 gene had poor response to immunotherapy, rapid clinical progressing, first-line immunotherapy containing HDMP can prolong PFS and will create an opportunity for patients to participate in clinical trials of novel drugs.

Comments on " " from / 中国针灸

In recent years, acupuncture has been used widely as an adjuvant treatment for the in vitro fertilization (IVF). " " published in on May 15, 2018, the research findings do not support the use of acupuncture to improve the rate of live births among the women undergoing IVF. In order to avoid the misunderstanding of the scholars at home and abroad for the clinical effects of acupuncture on IVF assistance, the authors put forward the doubts after the analysis from the following 3 aspects, including the acupuncture scheme, outcomes and result explanation. Additionally, the thinking and suggestions are proposed for the future development of the clinical trials of acupuncture IVF assistance in terms of selecting the proper participants, being abided by the standards of the evidence-based medicine, designing multi-acupuncture schemes and setting up the rational control, as well as conducting the overall analysis of the trial data.

Compensation of upper first molar in skeletal class Ⅲ patients treated with orthodontic-surgical treatment / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objectives@#To investigate the compensation of upper first molar in adult skeletal class Ⅲ patients.@*Methods@#The sample consisted of 48 skeletal class Ⅲ patients with orthodontic-surgical treatment from February 2011 to January 2015 in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. They were allocated into 2 groups based on extraction, 28 patients in extraction group and 22 patients in non-extraction group. Dental casts were taken before and after treatment, and all the casts were scanned with a computer-assisted three-dimensional (3D) scanning system. Acquired 3D data were analyzed by Rapidform 2006. The tip and torque of the upper first molar were measured and analyzed.@*Results@#The tip and torque of the upper first molar in the skeletal class Ⅲ patients after treatment had no difference between extraction group and non-extraction group (P=0.150, P=0.144). The torque of upper first molar in extraction group [-3.32° (-5.10°, 1.16°)] before treatment was bigger than that in non-extraction group [-6.94° (-13.06°, -0.42°)] (P=0.005), and the inclination of upper first molar in extraction group was more obvious.@*Conclusions@#In skeletal class Ⅲ patients, the upper first molar inclined buccally to compensate the discrepancy and extraction was usually necessary for decompensation.

The effect of human islet amyloid polypeptide on autophagy in murine INS-1 cells and potential mechanisms / 中华内科杂志

Objective The aims of the study were to investigate the effects of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) on autophagy in INS-1 cells and its underlying mechanism,and to explore the role of autophagy in hIAPP-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress.Methods INS-1 cells were treated with hIAPP (10 μmol/L) for 24 h in the presence or absence of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC),compound C,5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and 3-methyladenine (3-MA),respectively.Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the number of autophagosome in cells.Cell viability was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) test.2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay was used to measure the relative levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS).Western blot was used to detect expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and autophagic markers p62 and microtubule associated protein 1 light chain3 (LC3).Results Treatment of INS-1 cells with hIAPP resulted in a significant increase in the number of autophagosomes and the expression of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ (both P＜0.05).Meanwhile,treatment of INS-1 cells with hIAPP enhanced the level of ROS to 1.76 times of control cells (P＜0.01).Co-treatment with NAC,an antioxidant,inhibited hIAPP-induced ROS generation,and the expression of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ and p-AMPK in the INS-1 cells (all P＜0.05).Pretreatment of INS-1 cells with AMPK inhibitor compound C suppressed hIAPP and AICAR,an activator of AMPK,induced expression of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ and p-AMPK (all P＜0.05).Autophagic inhibitor 3-MA and compound C aggravated the hIAPP-induced cell death and ROS generation in INS-1 cells (All P＜0.05).The cytotoxic effects of hIAPP were significantly attenuated by co-treatment with AICAR (P＜0.05).Conclusion Autophagy may act as an adaptive mechanism to alleviate hIAPP-induced oxidative damage and toxicity in INS-1 cells.

Acupuncture with regulating menstruation to promote pregnancy for diminished ovarian reverse: a prospective case series study / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect and safety of acupuncture with regulating menstruation to promote pregnancy for diminished ovarian reverse (DOR).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to prospective case series, 46 patients were observed and finally 40 cases were included. The acupoints were ① Baihui (GV 20), Shenting (GV 24), Guanyuan (CV 4) and bilateral Benshen (GB 13), Huangshu (KI 16), Dahe (KI 12), Luanchao (Extra), Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Taixi (KI 3), Taichong (LR 3) and ② bilateral Shenshu (BL 23) and Ciliao (BL 32). The points in the two groups were used alternately. Acupuncture was given for 3 courses, 12 times as a course and 3 times a week. Before and after treatment, and 3 months after treatment, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), follicle-stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone (FSH/LH), estradiol (E), antral follicle count (AFC) and TCM symptom score were observed. The safety was evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with before treatment, the levels of FSH, FSH/LH decreased, and the levels of Eand AFC increased after treatment and at follow-up (all<0.05). And the TCM symptom scores were significantly lower than those before treatment (both<0.05). The rate of pregnancy after treatment was 15% (6/40). There was no infection and organ injury.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture with regulating menstruation to promote pregnancy can safely improve the ovarian reserve of patients with DOR.</p>

Inhibitory effects of microRNA-133b on ultraviolet-induced apoptosis of lens epithelial cells and its mechanism / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Ultraviolet B (UVB) is one of the main causes of cataract formation,and its mechanism is associated with the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells (LECs).MiroRNA-133b (miR-133b) can regulate oxidative stress-induced LECs apoptosis.However,whether miR-133b is associated with UVB-induced cataract is not elucidated.Objective This study was to observe the inhibitory effects of miR-133b on UVB-induced cataract and its regulating mechanism.Methods Twenty 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomized into cataract model group and normal control group.The mouse eyes in the cataract model group exposed to 302 nm UVB for 5 minutes once per day for consecutive 1 week,with the irradiation intensity of 300 W/cm2,and the mice in the normal control group did not receive any intervention.Five mice in each group were sacrificed and 10 eyeball sections were prepared.Human LECs (SRA01/04) were exposed to UVB for 25 minutes and served as UVB-induced group,the cells in the normal control group did not receive any intervention.The UVB-induced cells were inoculated to 96-well plate and divided into 4 groups,and 50 nmol/L miR-133b mimic,miR-133b mimic control agent,miR-133b inhibitor and miR-133b inhibitor control agent were transfected into the cells with lipofectamine2000.The expression of miR-133b mRNA and a target gene BCL2L2,which was identified by online miRNA database (www.mirab.org) in the cells were detected by real-time quantitative PCR to evaluate the transfected efficacy,and the apoptosis of the cells in mouse lens tissue and different transfected groups were assayed by TUNEL.The use and care of the mice followed ARVO Statement.Results The arrangement of LECs was regular and no apoptotic cell was seen in the normal control group,and the apoptotic cells showed the red fluorescence in the cataract model group.The apoptotic rate of human LECs was (43.90±9.30) ％ in the UVB-induced group,and that in the normal control group was (1.08±0.49)％,showing a significant difference between the two groups (t =-7.963,P =0.015).The relative expression levels of miR-133b mRNA in the model mouse lens and UVB-induced human LECs were evidently lower and relative expression levels of BCL2L2 mRNA were higher than those in normal mice and normal LECs (miR-133b mRNA:t =-2.958,P =0.042;t =-6.195,P =0.003;BCL2L2 mRNA:t =3.761,P =0.020;t =12.437,P =0.000).The relative expression level of miR-133b mRNA was significantly increased and the relative expression level of BCL2L2 mRNA was reduced in the miR-133b mimic group in comparation with the miR-133b mimic control group (t=10.883,-5 927.617;both at P＜ 0.01);compared with the miR-133b inhibitor control group,the relative expression level of miR-133b mRNA was significantly decreased and that of BCL2L2 mRNA was evidently increased in the miR-133b inhibitor group (t =-1 606.622,17.556;both at P ＜ 0.01).The apoptotic rate of human LECs was (43.62 ± 9.19) ％ and (17.55 ± 4.24) ％ in the miR-133b mimic control group and miR-133b mimic group,with a significant difference between them (t =-4.462,P =0.011),and the apoptotic rate in the miR-133b inhibitor group was (78.23 ± 12.42) ％,which was significantly higher than (48.01 ±9.68) ％ in the miR-133b inhibitor control group (t =3.324,P =0.029).Conclusions miR-133b can prevent UVB-induced cataract probably by negatively targeting the BCL2L2 expression to regulate the apoptosis of LECs.

Theory and application regarding "stage by stage" acupuncture for diminished ovarian reserve / 中国针灸

Based on a considerable number of ancient literature, clinical experience and modern scientific studies, a comprehensive study was performed on the TCM theory and treatment of diminished ovarian reserve. It was summarized that the two causes of diminished ovarian reserve were deficiency of the kidney essence and incoordination between Chong Vessel and Conception Vessel, so the treatment strategy of "stage by stage" acupuncture was proposed. It was pointed out acupoint selection should be in accordance with physiological basis of menstruation and waxing and waning of. Therefore, acupuncture at different acupoints and meridians could regulateandand promote the normaltransformation, which could store and discharge the uterus. As a result, the function of ovary is recovered. This method has achieved significant clinical efficacy.

Evaluation of the orthodontic treatment outcome in patients with impacted maxillary central incisor in the mixed dentition / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the orthodontic treatment outcome in patients with impacted maxillary central incisor in the mixed dentition.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nine patients, aged 8 to 11 years, with impacted maxillary central incisor were treated orthodontically. The cone-beam CT(CBCT) was taken before treatment, after treatment and one year out of retention to evaluate the root length, root canal wall thickness, width of the apical foramen, and degree of root bending, alveolar bone height and thickness. The crown-to-root ratio was calculated. The periodontal and endodontic conditions were evaluated. The parameters of the treated incisors and contralateral ones served as controls were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Nine impacted teeth were treated successfully. Throughout the treatment, the root of impacted central incisor continued to develop and the alveolar bones also continued to develop and remodel. The condition of the alveolar bone of vertically impacted teeth was better than that of horizontally impacted ones. No periodontal pocket or pulp necrosis was found after treatment. Seven patients were examined one year after treatment. No significant difference was found in root length, palatal alveolar bone level and palatal alveolar bone thickness. The control group root length was (13.07±2.15) mm, the treatment group root length was (12.06±2.00) mm. No further alveolar bone loss, gingival recession and pulp necrosis were found. The control group labial and palatal alveolar bone levels were (0.90±0.62), (0.45±0.52) mm, labial and palatal alveolar bone thickness were (0.85±0.14), (1.21±0.41) mm. The treatment group labial and palatal alveolar bone levels were (2.18±1.59) mm, (0.57±0.71) mm, labial and palatal alveolar bone thickness were (0.48±0.29), (1.43±0.31) mm.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Orthodontic therapy for impacted maxillary central incisor in the mixed dentition could promote root development and alveolar bone remodeling. Good periodontal and endodontic conditions were achieved.</p>

Progress of treatment of extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is an EBV-associated and highly aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Most patients are distributed in Asia and South America, and advanced-stage patients have poor prognosis. Reports on research progress of ENKTL in the 58th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting covered multiple respects which range from basic research to clinical prognosis and treatment: further study on pathogenesis of ENKTL is developing based on high-throughput sequence, and new prognostic index system can help to stratify patients more exactly; what's more, novel regimens make more benefits to the clinical efficacy and safety of ENKTL patients.

Study of anterior alveolar bone thickness in skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion patients with orthognathic surgery / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To investigate the compensation of the anterior alveolar bone thickness in skeletal class Ⅲ patients treated with orthodontic-surgical treatment.Methods:The samples consisted of 54 ske-letal classⅢpatients treated with orthodontic-surgical treatment.Lateral cephalograms were taken before treatment.Descriptive statistics were calculated for corresponding variables,and the differences between the samples and the norms from Peking University normal occlusion sample library were assessed by inde-pendent-sample t test.Correlation analyses were performed to find associations between skeletal charac-teristics and anterior alveolar bone thickness.According to skeletal anteroposterior discrepancy/vertical type (ANB,criteria=-4°;SN-MP,criteria=37.7°),the samples were allocated into group A (severe anteroposterior discrepancy/hypodivergent vertical type,n=1 1 ),group B (moderate anteroposterior dis-crepancy/hypodivergent vertical type,n=1 6),group C (severe anteroposterior discrepancy/hyperdiver-gent vertical type,n=1 4),and group D (moderate anteroposterior discrepancy/hyperdivergent vertical type,n=1 3),and one-way ANOVA with SNK multiple comparison test were performed.Results:The anterior alveolar bone thickness of the skeletal class Ⅲ patients were thinner compared with norm values (P<0.05 ).Correlational analyses showed that,both the upper and lower anterior alveolar bone thick-ness was correlated with the skeletal vertical discrepancy (P<0.05 ),but the anteroposterior type was only correlated with the lower anterior alveolar bone thickness (P<0.05).For the 4 groups according to skeletal anteroposterior discrepancy/vertical type,hypodivergent vertical type had thinner lower ligual and total bone thickness (LP,LW,P<0.05).while for upper alveolar bone thickness (UW),group C and group B exhibited the thinnest and thickest (the values of UW were 7.86 mm and 9.05 mm).Conclusion:The upper and lower anterior alveolar bone thickness of skeletal classⅢpatients are thinner compared with normal occlusion.Different skeletal anteroposterior discrepancy/vertical type results in differences in the anterior alveolar bone thickness,so decompensation should be treated differently and carefully.

Interleukin-17 expression induced by orthodontic force in periodontal ligament in different periodontal condition / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate interleukin (IL)-17 expression induced by orthodontic force in periodontal ligament under different periodontal conditions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-seven male SD rats were divided randomly into 5 groups: healthy movement group (HM), active periodontitis movement group (PM) recovery periodontitis movement group (RM), positive control group (PC) and normal control group (NC). Active periodontitis was set up by means of ligature + susceptible bacteria + suger water in PM, PC and RM groups. This stimulating factor was removed in RM group. NiTi spring was used to apply 0.49 N mesial force to move upper first molar of the rats in HM, PM and RM groups. HM, PM and RM group rats were sacrificed on day 3 (d3), day 7 (d7) and day 14 (d14). Expression changes of IL-17 in periodontal tissue in each group were measured using immunohistochemical stain and real time fluorescence quantitative PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>IL-17 expression in periodontal ligament showed more positively in PM and RM groups compared with NC, PC and HM groups. No difference was found in the expression of IL-17 mRNA in NC (1.00 ± 0.00) (P > 0.05), except in HM d14 (1.00 ± 0.07) and RM d14 (1.19 ± 0.15). Higher expression of IL-17 mRNA (P < 0.05) was found in other groups. The expression of IL-17 mRNA in RM d3 and d7 increased more than that in HM group in the same period (P < 0.05) and it decreased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with that in PM groups in the same period.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>IL-17 was involved in the regulation of orthodontic tooth movement in different periodontal conditions. Orthodontic force caused limited increase of IL-17 mRNA expression in recovery phase of periodontitis at early stage, then back to normal. However, in active inflammatory periodontal tissue, orthodontic force kept IL-17 mRNA at high level.</p>

Dentoalveolar compensation in skeletal Class III patients treated with orthognathic surgery / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the compensation of the upper and lower incisors in skeletal Class III patients treated with orthodontic-surgical approach.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The samples consisted of 54 skeletal Class III patients treated with orthodontic-surgical approach from November 2011 to January 2015. Lateral cephalograms were taken before treatment. The differences between the samples and the norms from Peking University normal occlusion sample library were assessed using independent-sample t test. Correlation analyses were performed to find associations between skeletal and dental parameters. According to skeletal anteroposterior discrepancy/vertical type (ANB/SN-MP), the samples were allocated into group A (ANB < -4°, SN-MP ≤ 37.7°, n = 11), group B (ANB ≥ -4°, SN-MP ≤ 37.7°, n = 16), group C (ANB < -4°, SN-MP > 37.7°, n = 14), and group D (ANB ≥ -4°, SN-MP > 37.7°, n = 13). After measurement of variables, one-way ANOVA with SNK multiple comparison test were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The maxillary incisors were more proclined and the mandibular incisors more retroclined in skeletal Class III patients compared with norm values (P < 0.01). Both skeletal anteroposterior discrepancy and vertical type were correlated with the position of upper and lower incisors (P < 0.01). According to skeletal anteroposterior discrepancy/vertical type, no significant differences were found in the upper incisors' inclination among the four groups, while patients in group A and group D exhibited significant difference in lower incisor compensation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Different skeletal anteroposterior discrepancy/vertical type resulted in varied incisors' compensation. Therefore, decompensation should be treated differently.</p>

Measurement of fracture malrotation after interlocking intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fracture / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the quantitative measurement of the extent of malrotation after interlocking intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fracture.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>CT scan ("routine method") applied in 36 femoral shaft fractures that had been treated with close reduction and interlocking intramedullary nailing. For the judgement of the extent of malrotation, the anteversion of both fracture side and contralateral side were measured and the difference between the 2 sides was evaluated. The increase of anteversion represented internal rotation of the distal fragment, whereas the decrease of anteversion represented external rotation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The maximum anteversion of the fracture sides, whereas 48 degrees, the minimum anteversion -10 degrees, the mean value, 15.04 degrees, and the standard error is 11.34 degrees. The maximum anteversion of the contralateral side, whereas 31.3 degrees, minimum -4.8 degrees, the mean value was 13.96 degrees and the standard error was 10.20 degrees (P < 0.001). Compared with the contralateral side, half of the 36 cases showed increased anteversion and the other half decreased anteversion. The mean value of internal rotation is 11.56 degrees, and external rotation 9.39 degrees. The maximum internal rotation was 37 degrees, the minimum 0.9 degrees. Eight cases had internal rotation less than 8 degrees, 6 between 10 degrees - 15 degrees, and 4 over 15 degrees. The maximum external rotation was 24.3 degrees, and the minimum 1.8 degrees. Eleven cases had external rotation less than 10 degrees, 4 between 10 degrees - 15 degrees and 3 over 15 degrees. The incidence of malrotation more than 10 degrees was 47% (17/36), and more than 15 degrees 19.4% (7/36).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The incidence of malrotation after femoral shaft fracture treated with close reduction and interlocking intramedullary nailing is high. Attention should be paid to clinical management and strict control for rotational reduction intra-operatively.</p>

Effects of mechanical stretching force on osteoblast-like function of human periodontal ligament cells in vitro / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the osteoblast-like functional characteristics exhibited by human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) under mechanical force.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human PDLCs cultured in vitro were stretched by mechanical force. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to measure the expression of secreting alkaline phosphotase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN). The non-secreting ALP, OCN and osteopontin (OPN) in cells were determined by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>It exhibited increasing of ALP secreted into conditional media, and in the 24 hour period there were two peaks which appeared at the 2nd and 4th hour and the 24th hour (P < 0.01). While in the late of the 24 hours, expression of OCN in conditional media increased (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mechanical force induces hPDLCs to differentiate into functional osteoblast-like cells and plays a role in bone remodeling.</p>