Research Progress of Patients’ Ethical Responsibility for Seeking Medical Treatment / 中国医学伦理学

Based on the background of the inevitable requirements of improving patients’ personal health ethical responsibility in the construction of a healthy China, the urgent requirement of emphasizing patients’ ethical responsibility for respecting doctors in the construction of a harmonious doctor-patient relationship, and the need to improve patients’ public health ethical responsibility, it is of great practical significance to study patients’ ethical responsibility for seeking medical treatment. By combing the papers of patients’ ethical responsibility at home and abroad, the ethical responsibility of patients for seeking medical treatment was summarized as the responsibility to protect their own life and health, respect and understand medical staff, safeguard the interests of other patients and social public, rationally accept the effect of diagnosis and treatment, and respect and abide by relevant medical laws and regulations and hospital rules and regulations. At present, the limitations of domestic and foreign research on patients’ ethical responsibility for seeking medical treatment mainly include the theoretical system is not yet perfect, the empirical research is still insufficient, and the practice and transformation path of patients’ ethical responsibility education for seeking medical treatment need to be constructed, and so on. It is expected to provide useful reference for the follow-up research to improve the theoretical system of patients’ medical ethical responsibility, explore responsibility education and practice paths, and improve patients’ awareness of medical responsibility.

Associations between educational burden and depression and anxiety symptoms among middle school students in Taizhou City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among middle school students in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, and its associations with their educational burden, so as to provide a theoretical reference for making more targeted psychological interventional measures.@*Methods@#A cross sectional study was conducted by multi stage cluster sampling from September to November 2022 from 30 schools in five districts and counties of Taizhou, with a final sample of 8 128 junior and senior high school students completing the online surveys on the Questionnaire Star platform. The Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents (ESSA) was used to measure academic stress; the Child Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) were used to screen students depression and anxiety, respectively. The relationships between educational burden and depression and anxiety symptoms were analyzed by Logistic regression models.@*Results@#The prevalence of depression and anxiety were 19.3% and 11.1%, respectively. The average score of middle school students study pressure was (52.8±11.5). The number of extracurricular classes was <1, the time length of extracurricular courses was <1 hour per day, and students averagely spend 3.6 hours per day on homework assigned by school teachers. Nearly 30.0% students had ≤0.5 of discretionary time school days and 28.5% students had ≤2 on weekends. About 30.8% students though they do worse in their academic performance. According to the results of binary Logistic regression analysis, after controlling the demographic variables, the score in Study Pressure Scale, the number of extracurricular classes, the volume of homework and the time length of extracurricular courses were positively associated with depression and anxiety ( OR =1.09, 1.07, 1.08, 1.05, 1.04, 1.08, 1.08, 1.08, 1.06, 1.09, 1.07, 1.47, 1.34, 2.84 ; 1.08, 1.06, 1.08, 1.04, 1.03, 1.05, 1.05, 1.05, 1.05, 1.07, 1.06, 1.48, 1.23, 1.75, P <0.05). Students with overage grades had a higher risk of depression symptoms ( OR=1.34, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#Academic burden has negative effects on depression and anxiety of students in Taizhou. It is advisable to alleviate academic stress, so as to improve the mental health of students.

Pre-attentive processing in autism spectrum disorder / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder.Its typical symptoms include social disorder, stereotyped behavior and restrictive interest.In addition, sensory abnormality is also a common symptom of ASD individuals.Pre-attentive processing is an automatic cognitive process that takes place before attention and is independent of consciousness, which reflects the ability to automatically detect changes in the environment of brain.Many researches show that the sensory abnormality and social ability disorder in ASD patients may be related to the defects in the pre-attentive processing stage.Mismatch negativity (MMN) is the most commonly used indicator of pre-attentive processing.ASD individuals show abnormal MMN in response to both social and non-social stimulus.Among them, the pre-attentive processing defect of non-social stimuli in ASD individuals is manifested as the amplitude or latency of MMN induced by single tones, voice or visual stimuli, which is different from that of normal people.The pre-attentive processing defect of social stimuli in ASD individuals is manifested as the amplitude or latency of MMN induced by emotional voice and emotional face, which is different from that of normal people.This result not only helps to find the physiological mechanism of sensory and social disorders in ASD individuals, but also provides theoretical support for MMN as an auxiliary diagnostic index of ASD.Future research on the pre-attentive processing of ASD individuals should pay more attention to enriching the research paradigms of MMN and adopting more kinds of social stimuli.At the same time, the influence of ASD genetic factors on MMN can also be one of the concerns of future research.

Outcome of re-pregnancy in women with uterine artery embolization for postpartum hemorrhage / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the outcome of re-pregnancy in women with uterine artery embolization(UAE)for postpartum hemorrhage(PPH).@*METHODS@#Clinical data of 117 pregnant women with previous PPH admitted in Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital from January 2010 to January 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them 40 cases were treated with UAE (UAE group) and 77 cases were not treated with UAE (control group). The outcomes of re-pregnancy were followed up and compared between two groups.@*RESULTS@#There were significant differences in the incidence of induced abortion in early pregnancy and cesarean scars pregnancy (CSP) between the two groups (<0.05 or <0.01). In the UAE group, the incidence of PPH, placental accretion and hysterectomy rate was significantly higher than that of control group (<0.05 or <0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that UAE was independent risk factor for CSP, placenta accretion, PPH and hystere-ctomy (<0.05 or <0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The overall fertility and re-pregnant outcomes in women with previous UAE for PPH are favorable. However, the risk of CSP, placenta accretion and associated recurrence of PPH and hysterectomy is higher in women receiving UAE during subsequent pregnancy.

Construction and in vitro and in vivo Preliminary Evaluation of Biotin-poloxamer Conjugate Polymeric Mi-celles for Epirubicin / 中国药师

Objective:To prepare biotin-poloxamer(BP) conjugate micelles for epirubicin through biotin conjugated on poloxam-er. Methods:Epirubicin(EPI) was encapsulated in BP micelles. The EPI-loaded BP micelles were characterized by its particle size, zeta potential,surface morphology,as well as the efficiency of drug loading and drug encapsulation and drug release. Marrow leukemia HL-60 cells were used to evaluate the cell cytotoxicity of EPI-loaded BP micelles in vitro. The tumor model in nude mice was estab-lished through the subcutaneous injection of HL-60 cells, and then the inhibitory effect of EPI-loaded BP micelles on tumor volume growth was investigated.Results:It was found that the average particle size of EPI-loaded BP micelles was about 100 nm. In addition, the enhanced cellular uptake ability of EPI-loaded BP micelles was proved by fluorescence microscope observation. The efficiency order of the tumor volume growth inhibition was:EPI-loaded BP micelles > EPI-loaded MATP micelles> EPI-loaded poloxamer micelles>EPI. BP micelles showed significant antitumor activity and low toxicity when compared with the non-targeted micelles. Conclusion:With the advantages of EPR effect and tumor-targeting potential,BP conjugate micelles might be developed as a new system for chemo-therapeutics. However,the tumor targeting technique should be demonstrated further by the other cell experiments and large animal ex-periments.