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Objective:To provide epidemiological data and clinical evidence for cosmetic adverse reactions.Methods:A retrospective clinical analysis was carried out on a total 820 outpatients (23 males and 797 females) suspected to be with cosmetic adverse reactions from January 2014 - October 2017, and average age of these patients was 7~75 (32.66±8.09) years. Suspicious cosmetics patch tests were performed in some patients. Suspicious cosmetics patch tests were performed in 687 patients.Results:Among 820 patients with cosmetic adverse reactions, women accounted for 97.20% and men accounted for 2.80%. Age distribution was most common among young people aged 21-40 years, accounting for 71.34%. The highest level of education was higher education, accounting for 59.69%. Occupational distribution was most commonly concentrated in employees and unemployed persons, accounting for 28.54% and 18.66%, respectively. A history of cosmetics allergies accounted for 17.28%. Cosmetic contact dermatitis was the most common clinical type of cosmetic adverse reactions, accounting for 92.70%. A total of 1682 suspected pathogenic cosmetics were involved. The positive rate of the cosmetic original patch test was 42.39%. Among the cosmetics with a positive patch test, moisturizing, anti-wrinkle and whitening freckle cosmetics accounted for the highest proportion, 31.59%, 15.09%, and 12.68%, respectively.Conclusions:Cosmetic contact dermatitis is the most common type of cosmetic adverse reaction. Patch testing is helpful in identifying the contact allergens in cosmetic adverse reaction.
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To identify the related substances in pioglitazone hydrochloride by hyphenated LC-MS techniques,an Ultimate XB-C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm) column was used for separation of the related substances with methanol and 0.1％ ammonium acetate buffer as the mobile phases in gradient elution.Electrospray positive ionization high resolution TOF/MS was used for the determination of the accurate mass and elemental composition of parent [M + H] + ions of the related substances,and triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry was employed for the product mass spectra determination.Eleven major related substances were detected and identified to be one synthesis intermediate,six by-products and four degradation products,by using LC-MS determination,spectra elucidation,and further synthetic process and stress degradation mechanisms analysis.The results are useful for pioglitazone hydrochloride manufacturing processes optimization and quality control.