Efficacy analysis of anti-platelet in the treatment of high-risk non-disabling ischemic cerebrovascular events guided by point-of-care testing of CYP2C19 gene / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of different anti-platelet regimens in the treatment of high-risk non-disabling ischemic cerebrovascular events (HR-NICE) guided by point-of-care testing of CYP2C19 gene. Methods:A single-centre, prospective, randomised, open-label, and blinded endpoint design was uesd in the study. From July 2020 to January 2022, HR-NICE patients were enrolled in the Stroke Green Channel and Department of Neurology of Xuzhou Central Hospital, and all patients were scraped the buccal mucosa for screening for CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele carriers by point-of-care testing . Patients with intermediate metabolism were defined as those who carried 1 loss-of-function allele and patients with poor metabolism were those who carried 2 loss-of-function alleles. This study reduced the test turnaround time to 1 hour by using a fully automated medical polymerase chain reaction analyzer for a point-of-care test of CYP2C19 genotype. CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele carriers were divided according to the random number table method into the conventional treatment group (clopidogrel 75 mg, once a day), the ticagrelor group (ticagrelor 90 mg, twice a day) and the intensive dose group (clopidogrel 150 mg, once a day) separately combined with aspirin (100 mg, once a day) dual antiplatelet for 21 days. Baseline information, Acute Stroke Org 10172 Treatment Trial staging, 90-day modified Rankin Scale score, occurrence of adverse events and severe adverse events were collected for all the 3 groups. The primary efficacy outcome was new stroke within 90 days, and the primary safety outcome was severe or moderate bleeding within 90 days. Results:A total of 716 patients were included: 240 in the conventional treatment group, 240 in the ticagrelor group and 236 in the intensive dose group. There was no statistically significant difference between the 3 groups at baseline (all P>0.05). There were 26 cases (10.8%) with new stroke events in the conventional treatment group, 11 cases (4.6%) in the ticagrelor group and 4 cases (1.7%) in the intensive dose group, with statistically significant differences among the 3 groups (χ 2=19.28, P<0.05), and the differences between the conventional treatment group and the ticagrelor group (χ 2=6.59, P=0.010) and between the conventional treatment group and the intensive dose group (χ 2=16.83, P<0.001) were statistically significant, whereas the difference between the ticagrelor group and the intensive dose group was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). In the 3 groups, there was 1 case (0.4%) of severe bleeding in the conventional treatment group, 6 cases (2.5%) in the ticagrelor group and none in the intensive dose group, which showed statistically significant differences (χ 2=7.23, P<0.05), and there was statistically significant difference between the ticagrelor group and the intensive dose group ( P=0.030). Among the patients with intermediate CYP2C19 metabolism, there were 13 cases (13/158, 8.2%) with 90-day recurrent stroke in the conventional treatment group, 4 cases (4/153, 2.6%) in the ticagrelor group, and 0 case (0/159) in the intensive dose group, with statistically significant difference (χ 2=16.04, P<0.001), and the differences between the intensive dose group and the conventional treatment group were statistically significant (χ 2=13.64, P<0.001), whereas there was no statistically significant difference between the intensive dose group and the ticagrelor group ( P>0.05). In the patients with 90-day recurrent stroke in the intensive dose group, there was 0 case (0/159) with intermediate metabolism and 4 cases (4/77,5.2%) with poor metabolism, with statistically significant differences ( P=0.011), whereas there were no statistically significant differences in the conventional treatment group and the ticagrelor group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Screening carriers of CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles by point-of-care testing can quickly and precisely guide the treatment of patients with non-cardiogenic HR-NICE. An intensive clopidogrel dose of 150 mg, once a day combined with aspirin was effective in reducing stroke recurrence with less occurrence of any bleeding and adverse events, and patients with intermediate CYP2C19 metabolism may be the best population to benefit.

Selectively stimulating β1-adrenergic receptor attenuates rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo by inhibiting high mobility group box 1 protein release / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether selectively stimulating β1-adrenergic receptor could inhibit high mobility group box 1 protein and attenuate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into seven groups: (1) Sham operated group (SO); (2) Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group; (3) Dobutamine1 (5 µg×kg⁻¹ · min⁻¹) + I/R group; (4) Dobutamine2 (10 µg·kg⁻¹ × min⁻¹) + I/R group; (5) LY294002 (0.3 mg/kg) + Dobutamine2 + I/R group; (6) SB203580 (1 mg/kg) + Dobutamine2 + I/R group; (7) ZnPPIX (10 mg/kg) + Dobutamine2+I/R group. Rats were pretreated by saline, dobutamine, LY294002, SB203580 and ZnPPIX, respectively, then underwent myocardial I/R. Myocardial I/R injury and oxidative stress were assessed, and myocardial HO-1, NF-κB and HMGB1 expressions were measured by Western blot analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Dobutamine significantly reduced the myocardial infarct size (P < 0.05), myocardial enzymes (LDH and CK) (P < 0.05) and proinfiammation cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), reduced oxidative stress (MDA and SOD) in a dose-dependent manner (all P < 0.05). Meanwhile, dobutamine significantly and dose-dependently mediated the induction of HO-1 (P < 0.05), the expression of NF-κB (P < 0.05) and HMGB1 (P < 0.05). However, all the effects could be significantly reversed by co-treatment with LY294002, SB203580 and ZnPPIX (all P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Current study demonstrates that selectively stimulating β1-adrenergic receptor by dobutasmine could reduce rat myocardial I/R injury in vivo through promoting the induction of HO-1 and inhibiting HMGB1 release.</p>

Simultaneous Determination of Three Main Contents in Scrophulariae Radix Dispensing Particles by HPLC-UV Dual Wavelength Spectrometry Method / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To construct a simultaneous HPLC-UV dual wavelength spectrometry method for detecting three main contents - harpagide, harpagoside and cinnamic acid in Scrophulariae Radix dispensing particles. Methods Ultimate AQ-C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm) was used, with 1%acetic acid solution and acetonitrile as mobile phase of gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, detection wavelength was 210 nm at former 13 min and 278 nm after 13 min. The column temperature was 30 ℃. Results The linear range of harpagide, harpagoside and cinnamic acid was 0.066 54-0.665 4 μg (r=1.000 0), 0.024 23-0.242 3 μg (r=0.999 9), and 0.100 28-1.002 8 μg (r=0.999 9), respectively. The average recovery (n=6) was 99.80%±1.22%, 100.31%±1.30% and 100.22%±1.24%, respectively. Conclusion The method is simple, repeatable, stable, and can be used for quality control and standardization of Scrophulariae Radix dispensing particles.

Determination of Vitamin B2 in Weimeisu Tablets by HPLC-FLD / 中国药师

Objective:To establish a method for detecting the content of vitamin B2 in Weimeisu tablets by HPLC-FLD. Methods:A PAK C18(250 mmID × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) column was employed with methanol -0. 02 mol·L-1 ammonium acetate (35∶65) as the mobile phase, the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1, and the injection volume was 10 μl. The detection wavelength λex and λem were 450mn and 522 mn, respectively. Results:Vitamin B2 was linear within the range of 1.0-20 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 9). The average recovery was 99. 20%(RSD=0. 63%, n=6). Conclusion:The method is specific, sensitive and accurate, and can be used to deter-mine vitamin B2 in Weimeisu tablets.