Research Progress of Exosome-based Liquid Biopsy in Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer / 肿瘤防治研究

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant tumor of the digestive system. Due to the lack of sensitive and effective detection markers, the tumor is usually at a relatively advanced stage in initial diagnosis. Therefore, early detection of PC is crucial for timely treatment and better prognosis. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by cells. They have a lipid bimolecular membrane structure to ensure the stable existence of a large number of biologically active substances contained therein. So they can accurately reflect the characteristics of parental cells. Exosomes are widely present in various body fluids and can non-invasively, conveniently and real-timely extracted, with the potential to become a marker for early tumor diagnosis. Previous studies have shown that compared with traditional diagnostic methods, exosomes showed higher sensitivity and specificity in the early diagnosis of various cancers. This article reviews the research progress of exosomes in the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Analysis of research hotspot and frontier of severe coronavirus disease 2019: visual analysis based on CiteSpace / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To analyze the research hotspot and frontier of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China and abroad.Methods:The CiteSpace software was used to visually analyze the relevant research of severe COVID-19 published by CNKI and Web of Science databases from January 30th to April 20th in 2020. The analysis content included the author of the literature, the publishing institutions, and high-frequency keywords.Results:There were 389 Chinese literatures and 59 English literatures included. Analysis using CiteSpace software showed that there were four large teams in China currently concerning about the research on severe COVID-19. The co-authoring of each team was relatively close, but the teams were lack of cooperation. The main issuing institutions were affiliated hospitals of colleges and universities, but colleges and enterprises had less participation. The authors of English-language publications mainly had five research teams, some of whom had co-authored relationships. The country with the most enormous volume of English-language publications was China, followed by the United States and Canada. The Chinese keyword co-occurrence, clustering and highlighted words analysis showed that the main research areas of severe COVID-19 included clinical features, traditional Chinese medicine treatment, medical imaging, integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment and so on; nucleic acid detection, clinical features and diagnosis, plague theory and etiology mechanism, traditional Chinese medicine and integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment, severe COVID-19 combined with diabetes and prognosis research will become future research trends; keyword cluster analysis showed that severe COVID-19, combined chronic underlying diseases, CT imaging characteristics will also become new trends in the field of research. Co-occurrence analysis of keywords in English literatures showed that the main research areas of severe COVID-19 included the names of novel coronavirus, pandemic diseases, infectious diseases, medical supplies distribution, and indicators related to myocardial damage.Conclusions:Researchers in China and abroad have different concerns about severe COVID-19. Domestic research focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of severe cases, while foreign countries attach importance to epidemic response and prevention.

Vitamin D status in early pregancy / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To investigate the serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations and related factors in early pregnancy. Methods Plasma was collected in the first trimester from 23 396 pregnant women to inves-tigate the vitamin D level, and its distribution and differences in different age, body maxx index ( BMI) and seasons between primipara and multipara. Preterm birth was used as an indicator of clinical outcomes. Vitamin D concentrations were measured using chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay. Results 25-hydroxy vi-tamin D level was 42. 0 (17. 6-76. 6) nmol/L in totally 23 396 pregnant women with early pregnancy, and 5% and 95% percentile sites of vitamin D level were 20. 2 nmol/L and 70. 7 nmol/L respectively. There were 18 170 (77. 7%) primiparas and 5 226 (22. 3%) multiparas, with the mean age of 30. 0 (24. 0-38. 0) years and BMI of 20. 7 (16. 5-27. 6) kg/m2. The number of cases detected in spring (March, April and May), summer (June, July and August), autumn (September, October and November months) and winter (Decem-ber, January and February) were 5 878, 5 554, 5 974, and 5 990, respectively, and the vitamin D levels were 40. 0 (29. 3, 52. 7) nmol/L, 46. 2 (35. 6, 57. 2) nmol/L, 43. 8 (33. 1, 54. 8) nmol/L and 37. 2 (26. 9, 49. 9) nmol/L respectively, with the difference in vitamin D levels statistically significant among the four seasons (P<0. 001). According to BMI, all pregnant women were divided into four groups as BMI<18. 5 kg/m2, 18. 5 kg/m2≤BMI≤23. 9 kg/m2, 24 kg/m2≤BMI≤27. 9 kg/m2, BMI≥28 kg/m2, and the levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D were 43. 5 (30. 9, 56. 9) nmol/L, 42. 1 (30. 8, 53. 8) nmol/L, 39. 9 (30. 7, 50. 4) nmol/L and 39. 7 (30. 7, 49. 4) nmol/L respectively with the difference statistically significant among the four groups. The levels of vitamin D detected in pregnant women with age<25 years, 25~29 years, 30~34 years,≥35 years were 39. 1 ( 28. 4, 52. 3) nmol/L, 41. 3 ( 30. 1, 52. 9) nmol/L, 42. 4 ( 31. 2, 54. 1) nmol/L and 43. 8 (31. 9, 55. 7) nmol/L respectively and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 001). The levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in primary and multiparas were 41. 6 (30. 2, 52. 9) nmol/L and 43. 5 (32. 5, 56. 8) nmol/L with the difference statistically significant (P<0. 001). Among women of different gestational age during childbirth, the differences in serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D in early pregnancy were not statistically significant (P=0. 121). The severe deficiency of vitamin D in early pregnancy was defined as serum level of 25-hydroxy vita-min D less than 5th level. There were statistical differences in the probability of severe vitamin D deficiency of dif-ferent ages, seasons and BMI between primiparas and multiparas. Conclusions Pregnant women of lower weight, lower age and primiparity have higher incidence of the severe vitamin D deficiency in early trimester of pregnancy. There is significant difference in 25-hydroxy vitamin D level among the different seasons (winter<spring<autumn<summer). Vitamin D level in early pregnancy is not associated with preterm birth.

Neonatal early-onset blood stream infection caused by group B Streptococcus: analysis of 55 cases / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,prenatal risk factors and antibiotic resistance of neonatal early-onset blood stream infection caused by group B Streptococcus (GBS) and to provide evidence for the management of GBS infection.Methods From January 1,2001 to May 31,2017,55 neonates diagnosed with GBS-associated early-onset blood stream infection in the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital were enrolled.They were divided into two groups:GBS early-onset sepsis (GBS EOS) group (n=40) and bacteremia group (n=15).Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed and compared between the two groups with two independent-samples t test and Chi-square test.Results The incidence of neonatal GBS-associated early-onset blood stream infection was 0.31％o (55/179 738).Those neonates with bacteremia had no clinical manifestations.However,in the GBS EOS group,the main manifestations were respiratory abnormalities [respiratory distress (35％,14/40) and apnea (10％,4/40)],jaundice (40％,16/40) and poor perfusion [low blood pressure,etc.32％(13/40)],and the main abnormal results of blood routine test were increased C-reaction protein [＞10 mg/L,100％ (40/40)] and elevated white blood cell count [＞25 × 109/L,78％ (31/40)].Compared with GBS EOS group,bacteremia group had a lower rate of vaginal delivery [1/15 vs 52％ (21/40),x2=9.549,P-0.002] and higher rates of maternal fever [15/15 vs 55％ (22/40),x2=10.034,P=0.002],chorioamnionitis [15/15 vs 68％ (27/40),x2=6.384,P=0.012] and empirical administration of antibiotics to infants [15/15 vs 70％ (28/40),x2=5.759,P=0.016].All tested GBS strains were susceptible to penicillin,ampicillin and vancomycin,but resistant to clindamycin (42％,22/53) and erythromycin (46％,24/52).Conclusions GBS is one of the predominant pathogens causing neonatal early-onset blood stream infection.Respiratory distress,apnea,jaundice and poor perfusion are the main manifestations.Penicillin and ampicillin are the treatment choice for neonatal early-onset GBS infection.Active and appropriate intrapartum management of pregnancies with high risk of intrauterine GBS infection as well as prophylactic prescription of antibiotics to infants may help to prevent or alleviate the symptoms of neonatal early-onset blood stream infection.

Effect of combination of paclitaxel and resveratrol on human gastric carcinoma cell strain MGC803 in vitro / 中华中医药杂志

Objective: To evaluate effect of combination of PA and RES on human gastric carcinoma cell MGC803 in vitro.Methods :The effects of PA and RES were measured by MTT assay.Morphous of cell was observed by light microscope.Flow cytometry was used for MGC803 cell cycle analysis.Results: PA significantly inhibited the growth of MGC803 cell in a dose and time dependent way(P