Differences in gut microbiota among primary school students with different levels of sugar sweetened beverage consumption / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the differences in the gut microbiota of primary school students with different levels of sugar sweetened beverage intake, so as to provide scientific evidence for better identification of health risks in children and the development of targeted health policies.@*Methods@#In June 2022, a total of 192 healthy primary school students from Chengdu were selected using a stratified cluster random sampling method. The sugar sweetened beverage intake was assessed through a dietary frequency questionnaire. Based on the median daily sugar sweetened beverage intake, primary school students were categorized into a low intake group ( n =96) and a high intake group ( n =96). The gut microbiota in fresh fecal samples from the two groups of primary school students was analyzed using 16S rRNA high throughput sequencing, and the diversity and community structure differences in the gut microbiota were compared.@*Results@#Children in the low intake group had a sugar sweetened beverage intake of (21.3±1.6) mL/d, while the high intake group had an intake of (269.6±37.3) mL/d. Diversity analysis results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the low intake and the high intake group in terms of α diversity metrics: Observed_otus index [298.50 (259.75, 342.25), 305.50 (244.25, 367.75)], Goods_coverage index [1.00 (1.00, 1.00), 1.00 (1.00, 1.00)], Chao index [304.18 (260.75, 348.78), 305.88 (245.68, 370.88)], Shannon index [5.88 (5.29, 6.45), 5.71 (4.89, 6.28)] and Simpson index [0.95 (0.91, 0.97), 0.94 (0.88, 0.97)] ( Z =-0.64, -0.76, -0.54, -1.76, -1.67, P >0.05). Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was observed in β diversity between the two groups ( R 2=0.006, P >0.05). At the genus level, the abundance of Blautia [0.033 (0.018, 0.055)] and Fusicatenibacter [0.009 (0.005, 0.015)] were higher in the low intake group compared to the high intake group [0.024 (0.013, 0.041),0.006 (0.003, 0.011)]and differences were statistically significant ( Z =-2.52, -2.81, P <0.05). LEfSe analysis highlighted intergroup differences primarily in Blautia, Fusicatenibacter and Sarcina( LDA= 3.56,3.12,3.53, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#There is no significant difference in the diversity and overall structure of the gut microbiota in primary school students with different levels of sugar sweetened beverage intake. However, there are species variations at the genus level. The information can serve as a scientific basis for identifying health risks in primary school students and formulating targeted health strategies.

The progress of lung ultrasound application in children′s lung diseases / 中国小儿急救医学

Lung ultrasound has been proven to have high sensitivity and specificity in the application of lung diseases, and significantly reduces the radiation exposure of children, especially in newborns, which makes it widely used in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of childhood disease.In emergency and intensive care units, lung ultrasound can even replace chest radiographs as a routine examination method for chest lesions.However, the research of children′s lung ultrasound still falls behind the development of adult ultrasound, and there is a lack of standard procedures and specifications for children′s lung ultrasound.Therefore, this study mainly reviewed the research status of children′s lung ultrasound.

The relationship between cholecystolithiasis or cholecystectomy and the risk of colorectal cancer: a Meta-analysis / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective@#To analyze the correlations between cholecystolithiasis or cholecystectomy and the risk of colorectal cancer, and make a brief summary combining with the present study.@*Methods@#Qualified studies about the correlations between cholecystolithiasis or cholecystectomy and the risk of colorectal cancer published in English and Chinese before April 2018 were retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), Wan Fang Data, and VIP. Case-control and cohort studies were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed by the Newcastle-Ottowa Scale, then we chose the high-quality literature to extract the data and analyze those data by RevMan 5.3 software. Publication bias was analyzed by Stata 12.1 software.@*Results@#A total of 28 articles were finally included in the systematic review, including 23 case-control studies and 5 cohort studies. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between cholecystolithiasis and the risk of colorectal cancer(OR=1.70, 95%CI: 1.39~2.08, P<0.05)、colon cancer(OR=1.74, 95%CI: 1.36~2.23, P<0.05)、rectal cancer (OR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.02~1.80, P<0.05). The results showed a risk of colorectal cancer(OR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.14~1.51, P<0.05) and colon cancer (OR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.05~1.36, P<0.05) after cholecystectomy, but the risk is significantly less than the risk in patients with gallstone. And there is no relevance between cholecystectomy and the risk of rectal cancer(OR=0.89, 95%CI: 0.73~1.08, P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#There is a positive association between cholecystolithiasis and colorectal cancer, but cholecystectomy itself may be not the risk of rectal cancer.

The relationship between cholecystolithiasis or cholecystectomy and the risk of colorectal cancer: a Meta-analysis / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To analyze the correlations between cholecystolithiasis or cholecystectomy and the risk of colorectal cancer,and make a brief summary combining with the present study.Methods Qualified studies about the correlations between cholecystolithiasis or cholecystectomy and the risk of colorectal cancer published in English and Chinese before April 2018 were retrieved from PubMed,Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wan Fang Data,and VIP.Case-control and cohort studies were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed by the Newcastle-Ottowa Scale,then we chose the high-quality literature to extract the data and analyze those data by RevMan 5.3software.Publication bias was analyzed by Stata 12.1 software.Results A total of 28 articles were finally included in the systematic review,including 23 case-control studies and 5 cohort studies.The results showed that there is a significant relationship between cholecystolithiasis and the risk of colorectal cancer (OR =1.70,95 ％ CI:1.39 ～ 2.08,P ＜ 0.05)、colon cancer (OR =1.74,95 ％ CI:1.36 ～ 2.23,P ＜ 0.05)、rectal cancer (OR =1.35,95 ％ CI:1.02 ～ 1.80,P ＜ 0.05).The results showed a risk of colorectal cancer (OR =1.31,95 ％ CI:1.14 ～ 1.51,P ＜ 0.05) and colon cancer (OR =1.20,95％ CI:1.05 ～ 1.36,P ＜ 0.05)after cholecystectomy,but the risk is significantly less than the risk in patients with gallstone.And there is no relevance between cholecystectomy and the risk of rectal cancer(OR =0.89,95％ CI:0.73 ～ 1.08,P ＞0.05).Conclusion There is a positive association between cholecystolithiasis and colorectal cancer,but cholecystectomy itself may be not the risk of rectal cancer.

Rerecognition of neurogenic pulmonary edema / 中国小儿急救医学

Neurogenic pulmonary edema is a clinical complication caused by various central nervous system disorders.It includes a variety of pathogenic factors,however,over-activation of the sympathetic nerve is the main mechanism.The main clinical manifestations are dyspnea and hypoxemia,which may be accompa-nied by circulatory disorder. The respiratory support therapy and circulatory support therapy are the main treatment measures.It has the characteristics of rapid progress and high mortality,which should be obtained enough attention.

Vasoactive-inotropic score as a predictor of outcome in children after cardiac surgery with bypass / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the vasoactive-inotropic score(VIS) as a predictor of outcome in children following surgery for congenital heart disease.Methods A retrospective chart review of 472 children undergoing cardiac surgery with bypass.VIS values were calculated during the first 72 postoperative hours,and the maximum and mean scores in the first,second and third 24 postoperative hours [VIS (24max),VIS (24mean),VIS (48max),VIS (48mean),VIS (72max),VIS (72mean)] were also recorded.Chi-test,t-test,and ROC curves were performed for the association between VIS and the clinical outcomes.Results ROC analysis indicated the VIS (24max) was strongly associated with poor outcomes (AUROC =0.919,P =0.000).And the high V IS (24max) defi ned as 19.5 and above,which may lead poor outcomes (J =0.70).When the interplay between a range of factors was controlled,only lactate and VIS(24max) was related to the prognosis.Conclusion Maximum VIS calculated in the first 24 hours[VIS(24max)] after PICU admission was strongly and significantly associated with clinical outcomes in children after cardiac surgery.The greater the VIS,the worse the illness,the poorer the outcome,the higher the mortality.

Single center study on the distribution and pathogen changes of purulent meningitis in children during past 20 years / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the distribution and changes of the purulent meningitis in gender,age,region,season and pathogens in children during the past 20 years.Methods All the basic clirical features of purulent meningitis patients less than 17 years old in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from Jan.1993 to Jan.2013 were analyzed retrospectively.A total of 1 855 patients were divided into 2 groups according to their date of admission.Group A included 666 patients admitted from Jan.1993 to Dec.2002,and group B included 1 189 cases admitted from Jan.2003 to Jan.2013.Then,they were divided into 5 groups according to their ages,including neonate group,＞ 1 month-1 year old aoup,＞ 1-3 years old group,＞ 3-10 years old group,＞ 10-17 years old group.Results Of the 1 855 cases,there were 1 054 cases (56.82％) admitted in the spring and summer,and 1 123 cases (60.54％) were younger than 1 year of age.The ratio of male to female cases was 1.82 to 1.00 and that of country patients to urban patients was 1.40 to 1.00.The distributions were female patients (443 cases,37.26％),urban patients (517 cases,43.48％),and the ratio of patients admitted in the autumn (265 cases,22.29％) and patients younger than 1 year of age (606 cases,50.97％) in group B,which were significantly higher than those [215 cases (32.28％),256 cases (38.44％),102 cases (15.32％),272 cases (40.84％)] of group A (x2 =4.62,4.47,25.51,25.52,all P ＜ 0.05).The predominant isolated bacteria from cerebrospinal fluid were coagulase negative staphylococcus (43/196 cases,21.94％),Streptococcus pneumoniae (32/196 cases,16.33％),Neisseria meningitidis (17/196 cases,8.67％) and Escherichia coli (15/196 cases,7.65％).Coagulase negative staphylococcus and Escherichia coli both accounted for higher rates of pathogenic bacteria in 1 year old than that of pathogenic bacteria more than 1 year old (x2 =4.57,14.37,all P ＜ 0.05),while Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis both had higher rates of pathogenic bacteria more than 1 year old and more than 3 years old,respectively (x2 =14.93,19.76,all P ＜ 0.05).Onfly cases in group B with Streptococcus pneumoniae were higher than those in group A (x2 =11.78,P ＜ 0.05),while the other common bacteria in each age group were of no difference between group A and group B.Conclusions There had been some changes in the epidemiological distribution of purulent meningitis during the past 20 years.The main risk factors were male in gender,patients in rural areas,onset in the spring or summer and infants in early age.The predominant isolated bacteria from cerebrospinal fluid were some opportunistic pathogens,including coagulase negative staphylococcus,Streptococcus pneumoniae,and Escherichia coli.Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis was increased during the past 10 years.

Clinical features of invasive pneumococcal disease and its antimicrobial resistance among children under the age of 5 years / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and its drug resistance among children under the age of 5 years.Methods Clinical characteristics of 45 children of IPD admitted to the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from 2009 to 2010 and antimicrobial non-susceptibility results were analyzed retrospectively.Results Forty-five cases of IPD were confirmed by positive culture of sterile body site,most of which occurred between April and June.Most of the IPD children were below the age of 2 years,which accounted for 66.7％ (30/45).The disease spectrum included bacteremia in 32 cases (71.1％),encephalitis in 9 cases (20.0％),empyema in 23 cases (51.1％),necrotizing pneumonia in 10 cases (22.2％).Pneumococcal non-susceptibility to erythromycin were found to be 100％,to clindamycin were 95％,to tetracycline were 95.12 ％,to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxaole were 80.49％,to chloramphenicol were 18.18％,while pneumococcal resisitanse to rifampicin,quinolones and vancomycin were 0.Eight of eleven and 18/24 were found to be pneumoccal resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin respectively and their minimum inhibitory concentrations were high.Twenty five cases were cured (55.6％).Fifteen cases were improved (33.3％).Four cases died (8.9％).One cases was retreated.All cases of death were under the age of 2 years.Conclusion IPD is more common with a high mortality rate among those under the ages of 2 years.Poor outcome is associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance to antibiotics.

Progress of severe hand, food and mouth disease / 国际儿科学杂志

The virus of hand, foot and mouth disease(HFMD) damages nerve system.Brainstem is the main site and has some specific receptors.Severe HFMD has a high mortality.The main causes of death are cardiopulmonary and brain failure, so it is very important that risk factors of severe HFMD are timely judged and treated. Pulmonary edema of severe HFMD is mainly caused by neurological damage. At present, although it has still no standardized treatment scheme, the diagnosis and treatment for different stages have a significant effect.

Progress of neonatal transport / 国际儿科学杂志

The transport of critical neonates has a high mortality. To reduce the mortality, it is very important to determine the transport indications in advance. Additionally, the neonatal transport is also based on the industrial training, the transport team combined by a variety of profession, the uniform and standard transport equipment and so on. Therefore, this article mainly reviews the education training, team, equipment, indications, the latest skill, air transport and so on.