Effect of exercise on prehypertension and hypertension in middle-aged and elderly people in Asian populations: a meta-analysis / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To systematically evaluate the effect of exercise on blood pressure of middle-aged and elderly Asian populations with prehypertension and hypertension, and to provide theoretical basis for formulating accurate exercise prescriptions.Methods:Randomized controlled trials on the effect of exercise on blood pressure in middle-aged and elderly patients with prehypertension and hypertension were collected by PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang Database.The quality of the included studies was evaluated by the Cochrane risk bias assessment tool, and the meta-analysis was performed with Stata 15.0 software.Results:A total of 23 articles and 2 095 subjects were included.Meta analysis showed that compared with the control group, aerobic exercise(WMD=-9.94, 95% CI=-12.59--7.29, P<0.001), resistance exercise(WMD=-11.15, 95% CI=-18.36--3.95, P=0.002) and aerobic combined resistance exercise(WMD=-6.09, 95% CI=-8.87--3.31, P=0.005) could reduce the systolic blood pressure level.Aerobic exercise(WMD=-6.46, 95% CI=-8.20--4.72, P<0.001) and resistance exercise(WMD=-4.38, 95% CI=-8.07--0.69, P=0.02) could reduce the level of diastolic blood pressure, while aerobic combined resistance exercise(WMD=-4.88, 95% CI=-12.87-3.11, P=0.232)had no significant effect on diastolic blood pressure.The results of subgroup analysis indicated that the differences of age, baseline blood pressure, exercise intensity, exercise time, exercise frequency, and motion cycle were the main sources of heterogeneity.The funnel plot and Egger's test indicated that there was no publication bias in this Meta-analysis. Conclusion:Aerobic exercise and resistance exercise both have positive effects on reducing blood pressure of middle-aged and elderly Asian populations with prehypertension and hypertension.

Formulation and meaning of evidence-based and differentiated exercise prescription / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Exercise is a crucial method for preventing and controlling chronic diseases, as well as promoting the health of Chinese residents.As guidelines for residents' exercise, traditional exercise prescriptions have limitations such as copying foreign experiences, uneven quality control, and general classification of population characteristics, which affect the applicability and practicality of their application in the Chinese population.A new model of exercise prescription is put forward and named evidence-based and differentiated exercise prescription.In terms of evidence selection, only studies based on Asian populations are selected.In terms of evidence quality control, standardized quality assessment processes are required.In terms of evidence application, accurate classification of candidate populations and personalized application of evidence are achieved.Evidence-based and differentiated exercise prescription provides scientific and accurate exercise prescription guidance for Chinese residents, realizes the integration of sports and medicine, which is conducive for the prevention and control of chronic diseases and the improvement of residents' health level.

Effect of Zishenwan on Intestinal Barrier and Transcriptome of Skeletal Muscle of db/db Diabetic Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Zishenwan on glucose and lipid metabolism in spontaneous type 2 diabetes （db/db） mice and investigate the underlying mechanism for improving diabetes based on intestinal barrier function and skeletal muscle transcriptome sequencing results. MethodLiquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） was used to analyze the components of Zishenwan. Sixteen 6-week-old db/db mice were divided into a model group and a Zishenwan group， while eight wild-type mice were assigned to the normal group. The Zishenwan group received oral administration of drugs for six weeks， during which fasting blood glucose， body weight， and food intake were measured. Serum total cholesterol （TC） and triglyceride （TG） levels were determined， and fasting insulin levels were measured to calculate the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR）. After the treatment， skeletal muscle and ileum tissues were collected， followed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of tight junction proteins occludin and zonula occludens-1 （ZO-1） in the ileum. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to detect the skeletal muscle transcriptome， and enrichment analysis was conducted for differentially expressed genes. ResultMultiple active components were identified in Zishenwan. Compared with the normal group， the model group showed increased fasting blood glucose， body weight， TC， TG， and HOMA-IR （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Zishenwan significantly reduced fasting blood glucose， body weight， TC， TG， and HOMA-IR in db/db mice （P<0.01）， while there was no statistically significant difference in food intake. Compared with the normal group， the model group exhibited lipid deposition in skeletal muscle， as well as structural changes in the ileum， with significant decreases in the protein expression levels of intestinal occludin and ZO-1 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Zishenwan improved the pathological changes in skeletal muscle and ileum， and increased the protein expression of occludin and ZO-1 in the ileum （P<0.01）. Transcriptome analysis suggested that Zishenwan might improve skeletal muscle metabolism and increase insulin sensitivity in mice. ConclusionZishenwan can improve glucose and lipid metabolism in db/db mice， and this effect may be related to its protection of intestinal barrier function and transcriptional regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism-related genes.

Investigation of the roles and functions of community nurses in Xi′an / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the roles and functions of the community nurses in community health service centers and their main work content in Xi′an. Methods A total of 320 community nurses in Xi′an were investigated by General Information Questionnaire and revision of Community Nurses′Roles and Functions Questionnaire. Results The work often undertaken by community nurses were: health education, community prevention, providing direct care and chronic disease management, however, the hospice care, care for people with mental disorders, family planning guidance and rehabilitation nursing were seldom involved. The scores of each role from high to low were as follows:the organizers and managers, coordinators and partners, health educators, caregivers, observer and researcher and spokesman with(2.56±0.99),(2.43±0.97), (2.38±0.84),(2.34±0.87),(2.29±0.10),(2.07±0.99) points. Conclusions The job of community nurses in Xi′an includes the medical service, disease prevention, healthcare, rehabilitation and health education etc. However, the well done jobs only are limited to some of simple functions, such as health education and health guidance are done well. The work of hospice care and mental care which need more professional abilities and interpersonal cooperation need to be promoted.

The study of AIDS-related knowledge attitude and behaviors in resourcelimited rural residents of shaanxi province / 中华护理杂志

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge，attitude and behaviors (KAB) of rural residents. Methods A correlative-descriptive design was used for the study. A cluster sampling of 1952 rural residents aged 18-60 years old in 8 villages of Lantian county was selected. Results The results showed as follows. The total correct rate of knowledge was 50.9%; 43.5% believed that the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in China indicated decline of the moral value; 71.3% never use condom when having sex in the past;There were positive relationships between knowledge and attitude,using condoms during sex and using condoms during first sex respectively (P<0.01). Conclusion The attitude and behavior on HIV/AIDS of the rural residents are largely determined by their knowledge.