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Objective:To understand the evaluation of 90 pharmaceutical service posts by pharmacists in hospitals, so as to provide basis for rational allocation of pharmaceutical personnel in hospitals.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 582 hospital pharmacists in 31 provinces from August 2019 to April 2020. The survey contents included post classification, staffing qualification and scores related to drug safety.Results:Among the 90 pharmaceutical posts investigated, there were 39 posts with a safety correlation score of 5(the highest score), 36 with 4 and 15 with 3. There were 41 posts in advanced pharmaceutical care and 49 posts in basic pharmaceutical care. The minimum qualifications required was 21 posts with pharmacy related college degree or assistant pharmacist, 61 posts with pharmacy related or clinical pharmacy bachelor degree or pharmacist title, and 8 posts with higher qualification. Advanced pharmaceutical care posts had high drug safety relevance scores and high personnel qualification requirements, mainly involving drug treatment, scientific research and comprehensive management posts.Conclusions:Pharmacists with different qualifications should be allocated according to different levels of pharmaceutical care projects, which can reasonably allocate limited human resources and make the best of their talents.
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Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system. The incidence of colorectal cancer in China is increasing year by year. Screening for adenomas, precancerous lesions and early cancers can effectively reduce the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer. Therefore, colorectal cancer screening is particularly important. At present, the colorectal cancer examination is mainly divided into fecal examination and colon structural examination. The fecal examination includes fecal occult blood test, fecal exfoliated cell test and fecal genetic analysis. The colon structural examination includes barium enema, colonoscopy and computed tomography colonography. Colonoscopy is considered as the gold standard for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. It has the advantage of high accuracy, and can be used to find precancerous lesions and remove them at the same time. However, the screening should be greatly restricted because of its invasive examination, the need for intestinal preparation, obvious discomfort and the high cost of medical treatment. Comparatively, fecal occult blood test is simple, easy, non-invasive, saving manpower and material resources, and is suitable for large population screening. Some scholars in China have begun to pay attention to colorectal cancer screening, and fecal occult blood test is widely used in these screenings.
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Objective To analyze the clinical features of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) with convulsion or coma as the main manifestation to facilitate the improvement of such patients' diagnosis. Methods Ninety-two patients with NPSLE confirmed in Peking Union Medical Hospital from January 2013 to December 2016 were collected, 27 NPSLE patients with convulsion or coma were in the study group, and the remaining 65 cases were in the control group. The following items in the two groups were compared in order to discover the differences in characteristics between the two groups: including sex, age, the first NPSLE episode or not, history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), kidney, blood, heart, lung, skin mucous membrane, gastrointestinal involvement and co-infection, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure, cerebrospinal fluid cell count, cerebrospinal fluid/serum protein ratio, cerebrospinal fluid/serum glucose ratio, cerebrospinal fluid/serum chlorine ratio, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), complement 3 (C3), complement 4 (C4), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results, double strand deoxyribonucleic acid (ds-DNA) antibody, treatment status and hospitalization days. Results The number of CSF cells in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (×106/L: 91.84±25.37 vs. 279.52±101.12, P < 0.01). The skin mucosa involvement rate in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group [14.81% (4/27) vs. 1.54% (1/65), P < 0.05]. Cerebrospinal fluid/serum protein ratio was higher in the study group than that in the control group (0.12±0.02 vs. 0.04±0.01, P < 0.05); the cerebrospinal fluid/serum glucose ratio was significantly lower than that in the control group (0.55±0.17 vs. 0.70±0.20, P < 0.01). The positive rate of MRI in the study group was higher than that in the control group [81.48% (22/27) vs. 55.38% (36/65), P < 0.05]; there were no significant differences between the two groups in other indexes (all P > 0.05). Conclusion Few cerebrospinal fluid cells increased involvement of skin mucosa, increased cerebrospinal fluid/serum protein ratio, decreased cerebrospinal fluid glucose/serum glucose ratio and increased MRI positive results were the clinical features of NPSLE patients with convulsion or coma as the clinical manifestation, early detection of this type of patients and early intervention can be beneficial to improve the prognosis.