Effect of clinical pharmaceutical care on our outpatient service of Traditional Chinese Medicine pharmacy / 药学实践杂志

Objective To explore the role of clinical pharmaceutical care in outpatient service of traditional Chinese medicine. Methods Two hundred patients who were not taking medicines for the first time (had received routine medication explanations) and had made an appointment for the next outpatient TCM service were randomly selected for questionnaire survey during July to October, 2021. After the intervention of clinical pharmacy care, the questionnaire survey was conducted again, and the results of the questionnaire survey of patients before and after the clinical pharmacy care were compared. Results After clinical pharmacy intervention, the scores of eight questions in the questionnaire were significantly improved (except for the awareness of taking drugs, P values of the other seven items were all <0.05). Conclusion The development of TCM clinical pharmaceutical care could effectively improve patients' safety awareness of medication safety. The patients' awareness of the use of Traditional Chinese Medicine and medication compliance had also been significantly improved. The awareness of pharmacists role in patients was enhanced. The outpatient pharmaceutical care of Traditional Chinese Medicine was effectively improved, which is important to rational drug use.

Schisandrin B induces apoptosis of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells through ROS mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress / 药学实践杂志

Objective To study the effects of schisandrin B (Sch B) on the apoptosis of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and its mechanism. Methods Cell counting reagent (CCK-8) was used to detect the effect of Sch B on the survival rate of MDA-MB-231 cells. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with Sch B (10, 20, 40 μmol/L) for 24 hours. The cell death was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI. The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by DCFA-DA fluorescent probe. Apoptosis and the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress related proteins (Bcl-2、Bax、CHOP、GPR78、PERK、p-PERK、p-eIF2α、eIF2) were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the blank group, the cell survival rate decreased significantly (P<0.01) with the increase of Sch B concentration, and its IC50 was 19.16 μmol/L. Compared with the control group, Sch B groups (10, 20, 40 μmol/L) inhibited cell clone formation in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Sch B groups (10, 20, 40 μmol/L) induced apoptosis (P<0.05), significantly reduced the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and significantly increased the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax (P<0.05). Sch B groups (10, 20, 40 μmol/L) significantly increased the level of intracellular ROS in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Sch B groups (10, 20, 40 μmol/L) stimulated endoplasmic reticulum stress and increased the expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins CHOP, GPR78 and p-eIF2α in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Conclusion Sch B induces apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells through ROS mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Compliance of antiviral therapy and influencing factors in people living with HIV/AIDS in Nanjing / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the compliance of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) and influencing factors in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Nanjing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PLWHA receiving HAART in No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing during May-June 2014 were recruited in this study. Self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect the data about HAART compliance and socio-demographic characteristics of PLWHA surveyed. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis were conducted to examine the effects of the factors on self-reported HAART adherence.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 276 PLWHA were surveyed, According to the evaluation criterion of Center for Adherence Support Evaluation (CASE), 252 cases showed good compliance (91.3%). logistic regression analysis revealed that smoking, progress of the disease and side effects, reminding of taking drug and age were correlated with self-reported HAART adherence.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is suggested to strengthen the education about antiviral therapy compliance in PLWHA with mild infection and those who are smokers and young, suffer from side effects, have no reminding methods for taking drug.</p>

Meta-analysis of HIV infection incidence and risk factors among men who have sex with men in China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the incidence of HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Meta-analysis was performed to systematically and quantitatively review all the original research papers and reports published during 2010-2015 on the incidence of HIV infection among MSM in China. Pooled incidence, pooled hazard ratios, publication bias, heterogeneity and sensitivity analysis for those studies were calculated or analyzed by using Stata 12.0 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 24 studies were analyzed. Pooled incidence of HIV infection among MSM in China was 5.0/100 person year; Based on HIV case report, severe epidemic areas had higher HIV incidence than other areas (4.9/100 person year vs. 3.4/100 person year). Low education level (HR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.21-2.15), syphilis prevalence (HR = 3.22, 95% CI: 2.21-4.70), unprotected anal sex (HR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.51-5.63), minority ethnic group (HR = 4.01, 95% CI: 1.96-8.21), commercial sex (HR = 4.11, 95% CI: 1.47-11.46) and multiple sexual partners (HR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.60-3.34) were the risk factors for HIV incidence.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pooled incidence of HIV infection among MSM was 5.0% in China. Low education level, syphilis prevalence, unprotected anal sex, minority ethnic group, commercial sex and multiple sexual partners were the risk factors for HIV infection.</p>

Drop out of antiretroviral therapy in people living with AIDS/HIV and related factors in Nanjing and Yuncheng / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the incidence of drop out of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with AIDS/HIV and related factors in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, and Yuncheng, Shanxi province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective cohort analysis was conducted. The cumulative incidence curves of drop out of ART, mortality and drug withdrawal were drawn with Kaplan-Meier method. The related factors were identified with Cox proportional hazards regression model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 1 006 patients were included in Yuncheng, the median length of ART follow-up was 49.59 months (QR: 20.02-92.84), and 976 patients were included in Nanjing, the median length of ART follow-up was 19.93 months (QR: 11.48-34.07). The cumulative incidence of drop out of ART at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 4 years, 8 years after ART was 8.19%, 9.23%, 11.08%, 13.75%, 17.74%, 27.66% in Yuncheng, and 3.01%, 5.17%, 7.47%, 10.97%, 17.45%, 28.72% in Nanjing respectively. Age, marital status, infection route, baseline CD4 cell count, the clinical stage classified by WHO at the end of the observation were correlated with the drop out of ART.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In order to reduce the drop out of ART among people living with AIDS/HIV, it is necessary to conduct effective interventions targeting the patients with young age, the patients who divorced/widowed, the patients who were intravenous drug users, the patients with higher CD4 cell count at the beginning of ART and clinical stage III or IV at the end of the follow-up and increase the coverage of HIV test.</p>

Study on economic burden caused by antiretroviral treatment for people living with HIV/AIDS and influencing factors in Nanjing / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the economic burden caused by antiretroviral treatment for people living with HIV/AIDS and influencing factors in Nanjing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>People living with HIV/AIDS were divided into two groups, HIV infected patients and AIDS patients. The data about their direct medical expenditure, direct non-medical expenditure and indirect economic loss in the past year were collected. Univariate and multivariate analysis were conducted to identify the potential influencing factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median of direct medical expenditure and total costs for 133 HIV infected patients were 1,200 yuan RMB and 1,972 yuan RMB respectively. The median of direct medical expenditure and total costs for 145 AIDS patients were 1 060 yuan RMB and 2 826 yuan RMB respectively. The differences in direct medical expenditure and total costs between HIV infected patients and AIDS patients showed no statistical significance. The results from univariate analysis indicated that the sample source influenced total costs significantly. Multivariate analysis showed that onset time and CD level were negatively correlated with direct medical expenditure. The patients infected through heterosexual contact had more direct medical expenditure than those infected through homosexual contact. The patients receiving HIV test in hospitals had more direct medical expenditure than those receiving volunteer counseling and testing.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Further efforts should be made to expand HIV testing and treatment coverage in order to detect HIV infections as early as possible. Early antiretroviral treatment should be given to HIV infected patients to maintain their immunity and reduce their medical expenditure.</p>

Meta-analysis of HIV infection incidence and risk factors among men who have sex with men in ;China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the incidence of HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. Methods Meta-analysis was performed to systematically and quantitatively review all the original research papers and reports published during 2010-2015 on the incidence of HIV infection among MSM in China. Pooled incidence,pooled hazard ratios,publication bias,heterogeneity and sensitivity analysis for those studies were calculated or analyzed by using Stata 12.0 software. Results A total of 24 studies were analyzed. Pooled incidence of HIV infection among MSM in China was 5.0/100 person year;Based on HIV case report,severe epidemic areas had higher HIV incidence than other areas(4.9/100 person year vs. 3.4/100 person year). Low education level(HR=1.61,95%CI:1.21-2.15),syphilis prevalence(HR=3.22,95%CI:2.21-4.70),unprotected anal sex(HR=2.92,95%CI:1.51-5.63),minority ethnic group(HR=4.01,95%CI:1.96-8.21), commercial sex(HR=4.11,95%CI:1.47-11.46) and multiple sexual partners(HR=2.31,95%CI:1.60-3.34)were the risk factors for HIV incidence. Conclusion Pooled incidence of HIV infection among MSM was 5.0% in China. Low education level,syphilis prevalence,unprotected anal sex, minority ethnic group,commercial sex and multiple sexual partners were the risk factors for HIV infection.

Compliance of antiviral therapy and influencing factors in people living with HIV/AIDS in ;Nanjing / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the compliance of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) and influencing factors in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Nanjing. Methods PLWHA receiving HAART in No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing during May-June 2014 were recruited in this study. Self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect the data about HAART compliance and socio-demographic characteristics of PLWHA surveyed. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis were conducted to examine the effects of the factors on self-reported HAART adherence. Results A total of 276 PLWHA were surveyed,According to the evaluation criterion of Center for Adherence Support Evaluation (CASE),252 cases showed good compliance (91.3%). logistic regression analysis revealed that smoking,progress of the disease and side effects,reminding of taking drug and age were correlated with self-reported HAART adherence. Conclusion It is suggested to strengthen the education about antiviral therapy compliance in PLWHA with mild infection and those who are smokers and young,suffer from side effects,have no reminding methods for taking drug.

Meta-analysis of HIV infection incidence and risk factors among men who have sex with men in ;China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the incidence of HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. Methods Meta-analysis was performed to systematically and quantitatively review all the original research papers and reports published during 2010-2015 on the incidence of HIV infection among MSM in China. Pooled incidence,pooled hazard ratios,publication bias,heterogeneity and sensitivity analysis for those studies were calculated or analyzed by using Stata 12.0 software. Results A total of 24 studies were analyzed. Pooled incidence of HIV infection among MSM in China was 5.0/100 person year;Based on HIV case report,severe epidemic areas had higher HIV incidence than other areas(4.9/100 person year vs. 3.4/100 person year). Low education level(HR=1.61,95%CI:1.21-2.15),syphilis prevalence(HR=3.22,95%CI:2.21-4.70),unprotected anal sex(HR=2.92,95%CI:1.51-5.63),minority ethnic group(HR=4.01,95%CI:1.96-8.21), commercial sex(HR=4.11,95%CI:1.47-11.46) and multiple sexual partners(HR=2.31,95%CI:1.60-3.34)were the risk factors for HIV incidence. Conclusion Pooled incidence of HIV infection among MSM was 5.0% in China. Low education level,syphilis prevalence,unprotected anal sex, minority ethnic group,commercial sex and multiple sexual partners were the risk factors for HIV infection.

Compliance of antiviral therapy and influencing factors in people living with HIV/AIDS in ;Nanjing / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the compliance of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) and influencing factors in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Nanjing. Methods PLWHA receiving HAART in No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing during May-June 2014 were recruited in this study. Self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect the data about HAART compliance and socio-demographic characteristics of PLWHA surveyed. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis were conducted to examine the effects of the factors on self-reported HAART adherence. Results A total of 276 PLWHA were surveyed,According to the evaluation criterion of Center for Adherence Support Evaluation (CASE),252 cases showed good compliance (91.3%). logistic regression analysis revealed that smoking,progress of the disease and side effects,reminding of taking drug and age were correlated with self-reported HAART adherence. Conclusion It is suggested to strengthen the education about antiviral therapy compliance in PLWHA with mild infection and those who are smokers and young,suffer from side effects,have no reminding methods for taking drug.

Expression and distribution of cysteinyl leukotriene receptors CysLT1R and CysLT2R, and GPR17 in brain of Parkinson disease model mice / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the spatiotemporal profiles and localization of CysLT1R, CysLT2R and GPR17 in mice with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson disease (PD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PD model was induced by subcutaneous injection of MPTP (25 mg/kg) for 5 d in adult male C57BL/6 mice. At d10 after MPTP injection, the expression and cellular localization of CysLT1R, CysLT2R and GPR17 in the substantia nigra were detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CysLT1R, CysLT22 and GPR17 were normally localized in TH-positive dopaminergic neurons and microglia, while CysLT2R was also expressed in astrocytes. In dopaminergic neurons, approximately 91% co-expressed GPR17, 77% co-expressed CysLT1R and 52% co-expressed CysLT2R. Compared with the control group, TH-positive cells in the substantia nigra were significantly reduced in PD mice. CysLT1R, CysLT2R and GPR17-positive cells were significantly reduced; and CysLT1R, CysLT2R, GPR17-positive dopaminergic neurons were also significantly reduced in the PD group. In the striatum, both CysLT1R and GPR17 were normally expressed in neurons; whereas CysLT2R was expressed in astrocytes. In PD striatum, CysLT1R and GPR17-positive cells were decreased, but CysLT2R expression was significantly increased which mainly expressed in the proliferating astrocytes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CysLT1R, CysLT2R and GPR17 may be involved in the MPTP-induced PD damage in mice.</p>