Gut microbiota profiles in the perioperative period and long-term postoperative period in children with ventricular septal defect treated with cardiopulmonary bypass / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To explore the characteristics of gut microbiota in the preoperative, short-term postoperative and long-term postoperative period at (15.61±4.51) months in children with ventricular septal defect (VSD) of congenital heart disease (CHD) treated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods:A prospective study was conducted.In Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center, 13 patients with VSD who were scheduled for CPB and additional 10 age- and gender-matched healthy infants as pre-CPB control group from January 2021 to January 2022 were enrolled.Fecal samples were collected at pre- and early post-CPB.Meanwhile, 18 gender- and CHD diagnosis and operation-matched patients at (15.61±4.51) months after CPB and 8 healthy age- and gender-matched children as long-term control group after CPB were also enrolled, and fecal samples were collected.16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples from all subjects were performed and comparing the differences in gut microbiota between two groups via comparing alpha and beta diversity, parameter test or nonparametric test, and LEfSe analysis.Results:Compared with those of pre-CPB control group, there was a significant difference in the composition of gut microbiota in the preoperative period of VSD children, with significantly increased abundances of Enterobacteriaceae and Shigella, and decreased abundance of Bifidobacterium (all P<0.05). The diversity of gut microbiota was comparable in VSD children before CPB and in the short period time after CPB (all P>0.05), except for the abundances of Clostridium and Streptococcus (all P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the relative abundances of other highly abundant gut bacteria between the two periods (all P>0.05). Compared with that in VSD children in the short period time after CPB, the abundances of short-chain fatty acids-producing microbes were significantly higher at (15.61±4.51) months postoperatively (all P<0.05), and the gut bacteria profile was similar to that of the long-term control group after CPB (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Gut microbiota imbalance exists in VSD children before CPB.The gut microbiota profile is not influenced by CPB, which returns normal at (15.61±4.51) months postoperatively.

Effects of iron deficiency in early life on neuroethology in CDH2 genetic mutation rats / 国际儿科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of iron deficiency in early life on neurobehavioral manifestations in CDH2 genetic mutation rats, in order to explore interaction between iron deficiency and CDH2 gene mutation in autism-like behavior.Methods:The 16 female SD rats with established CDH2 genetic mutations were randomly divided into 8 rats as iron deficiency group and 8 rats as normal diet control group.After mating, rats were fed low-iron diets during pregnancy and lactation or standard diets as control.The offsprings were randomly divided into 27 rats as iron deficiency group and 27 rats as control group.The voice communication ability of offspring was studied through ultrasonic vocalizations.The data and videos of open-field test, three-chamber social interaction test were recorded by animal behavioral video analysis system(Smart3.0). The characteristics of behavior changes were analyzed by statistical methods.Results:Total number of calls in rats aged 10 day in iron deficiency group[(755.67±161.86)times]were significantly lower than that in the control group[(1461.89±166.57)times]( P<0.05). Total calling duration[(41.77±16.17)s]were significantly lower than that in the control group[(86.22±10.07)s]( P<0.05). There is a certain synergistic effect of CDH2 genetic mutation and iron deficiency on the reduction of total calls in rats aged 6 and 8 day( P<0.05). The total distance, distance in zone-periphery, mean speed in zone-total and mean speed in zone-periphery of rats in iron deficiency group were all higher than that in the control group( P<0.05); the numbers of standing and rearing were reduced( P<0.05). In the second stage of the three-chamber test, the rats in the iron deficiency group had shorter communication time with the new stranger 2 and longer interaction time with the old stranger 1 compared with the control, showing a weakening trend of social ability, but the difference was not statistically significant( P>0.05). Conclusion:Autism-like behavioral changes occurred in rats with iron deficiency in early life and CDH2 genetic mutation, and there is a certain degree of synergy.Iron deficiency and CDH2 mutation may increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder.

Effects of low glycemic index cereals on metabolomics and pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of low GI cereals on metabolomics and pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM),in order to explore the preventive and therapeutic mechanisms and provide the basis for nutritional interventions.Metbods Pregnant women with gestational diabetes were assigned to the treatment group (n=31),using low GI grains 12 weeks for nutrition intervention and the control group (n =31) according to the random digital table method;30 healthy pregnant women were enrolled as normal control group.At 36th gestational week serum was analyzed by 1H-NMR metabolomics approach.Pregnancy outcomes were gathered for statistics after delivery.Comparison among groups and related influencing factors analysis were conducted.Results After nutritional intervention for 12 weeks,there were statistically significant differences in 15 potential biomarkers associated with gestational diabetes between the treatment group and the control group (P＜0.05),and no statistically significant difference between the treatment group and the normal control group (P＞0.05),that was the pregnant women in the treatment group were close to normal pregnant women.Cesarean rate,gestational weight gain,glycosylated hemoglobin during delivery,fasting insulin and newborn birth weight were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the GI of diet,fasting insulin and blood glucose were influencing factors for metabolomics in women with GDM.Conclusions Using low GI cereals intervention treatments,the pregnancy outcomes of GDM are improved distinctly with the possible mechanisms as adjusting the related biomarkers.Our study provides evidences for further exploring etiology and the therapeutic mechanisms of GDM,and individualized medical nutrition treatment strategy.

Expression changes of Notch and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways in the rat heart with myocardial infarction / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective@#To observe the expression changes of Notch and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways in rat myocardium post myocardial infarction.@*Methods@#Myocardial infarction was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery(MI group), sham rats (similar surgical procedure without coronary artery ligation) served as control, the rats were sacrificed at first week, 4th and 8th week after operation, the non-infarct myocardial tissue in both groups was obtained to detect the mRNA expression of Notch1, Dll4 and Hes1 by RT-PCR, the protein expression of NICD1 was detected by Western blot, the nuclear protein p65 content was detected to reflect the activation degree of NF-κB signaling in the cardiomyocytes.@*Results@#The myocardial mRNA expression of Notch1 in MI group was significantly higher than in control group (1.68±0.35 vs. 0.47±0.12, P<0.05) at first week, and tended to be higher at the 4th week and 8th week (P>0.05). The mRNA expression of Dll4 and Hes1 was similar between the two groups at the three time points. NICD1 protein level was increased at the first week in MI group as compared with control group (1.31±0.33 vs.0.45±0.11, P<0.05), which tended also to be higher at the 4th week and 8th week post operation (P>0.05). For NF-κB activation study, the nuclear protein p65 content was higher at first week, 4th week and 8th week in MI group as compared with respective control groups (0.286±0.052 vs.0.049±0.016 (P<0.01), 0.247±0.056 vs. 0.043±0.018 (P<0.01), 0.120±0.033 vs. 0.044±0.009 (P<0.05)), the most significant increase was found in the first week.@*Conclusions@#Notch and NF-κB signaling pathways are actively involved in the process of ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Notch1 and NF-κB signaling pathways are both activated at the first week after myocardial infarction, NF-κB signaling pathway activation after myocardial infarction continues up to 8 weeks. These two signal transduction pathways may thus serve as new targets for future intervention studies to prevent heart failure.

Analysis on the results of clinical nutrition management survey in PICU critically ill children / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective To investigate the status of clinical nutrition management in patients in PICU,and to provide data for promoting the improvement and development of clinical nutrition of pediatric critically ill patients.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on PICU specialists.The nutrition assessment,nutrition intervention and nutrition management of critically ill children in PICU were investigated.The results were summarized and analyzed.Results A total of 39 PICU specialists were involved in this survey.The nutritional assessment methods and guidelines in domestic PICU were not unified.Twenty-five respondents (64.1%) believed that both clinical performance and the scales as the basis can decide whether the patients should be fed or not;all respondents believed that nutritional assessment and intervention time need to be determined by the needs of the patients;23 respondents(58.9%) used weight only as their nutritional monitoring indicators.Twenty-eight respondents(71.8%) considered that gastric tube was the first choice way to feeding for the critically ill children;20 respondents(51.3%) believed that critically ill children should be fed within 24 hours.Twelve respondents (33.3%) believed that critically ill children should be fed between 24 to 48 hours.Thirty-three respondents(84.6%) advocated early enteral nutrition;36 respondents (92.3%) considered that the main reasons of fasting in critically ill children were vomiting or abdominal distension or gastrointestinal bleeding.Twenty-eight respondents(71.8%) believed that according to the results of gastrointestinal function evaluation,they made decisions whether the patient to fast or not.Twenty-three respondents(59.0%) considered that specialists in PICU were the decision maker of the clinical nutrition in critically ill children.Twenty-four (61.5%) of the respondents believed that we needed to establish our own routines in management of nutrition in PICU.Conclusion At present in China,a lot of achievements have been made in the nutritional assessment,monitoring,early enteral nutrition intervention and management in critically ill children,but it is not enough.We need to make more effort to enhance the critically nutrition level in PICU,and we have a lot of research to do about nutrition assessment and nutrition intervention mode.It is recommended to establish Chinese guidelines or consensus to enhance the level of nutritional treatment of critically ill children.

Influence factors of macronutrients and energy content of donor human milk / 实用医学杂志

Objectives To explore the effect of holder pasteurization, frozen storage time and thawing methods on macronutrients and energy content of donor human milk, and to provide theoretical basis for the rational use of breast milk. Methods Thirty-three samples of donor human milk were collected and an aliquot of each sample was analyzed before and after pasteurization. The remaining milk after pasteurization was split into 9 aliquot , and frozen at -20 ℃. After 30, 60, and 90 days, the milk was thawed by three different methods of room tempe-rature, 4 ℃ refrigeration, and 37 ℃ water bath, respectively. The nutrient components of each aliquot were analyzed and compared. Results We observed a mild reduction in fat and energy content after pasteurization (P <0.05). A significant decrease of fat, protein and energy content with the prolonged storage time was observed (P <0.01), and during the whole process (pasteurization + frozen storage), the decrease of fat, protein and energy content was 36.6%, 32.6%and 22.6%, respectively. The protein was influenced mostly by different thawing methods and the content of protein reached highest while thawed at 4 ℃ refrigeration. Conclusions Holder pasteurization and frozen storage at-20℃significantly reduce fat, protein and energy content of donor human milk. The donor milk should be used as quickly as possible when applied for preterm infants and thawing at 4 ℃ refrigeration is recommended before delivery to newborn infants.

Effects of post-discharge nutrition management on the growth speed of neonates after bowel surgery / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the effect of post-discharge nutrition management on the growth speed of neonates after bowel surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nutrition feeding guidance was carried out in 133 post-discharge infants after surgery through nutrition clinic. The growth speed was detected every month and compared with the normal standards, then the time to accelerate growth speed was evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The growth speed of neonates in the first postoperative month was lower than the normal standards, especially in males(weight P=0.000; length P=0.041; circumference P=0.010). While during two to three months, male infants showed acceleration in length growth speed [(4.53±1.22) cm vs. (3.1±0.4) cm, P=0.013], and female infants showed acceleration in weight [(1.51±0.76) kg vs. (0.83±0.39) kg, P=0.028] and circumference growth speed [(2.50±0.93) cm vs. (1.2±0.7) cm, P=0.021].</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Scientific post-discharge nutrition management helps neonates grow faster after bowl surgery. The two to three months after operation is the key period of growth speed acceleration.</p>

Effect of Bererine on Ventricular Remodeling in Experimental Rats With Myocardial Infarction / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To study the effect of berberine (BR) on ventricular remodeling in experimental rats with myocardial infarction (MI) and its mechanisms. Methods: The MI model of experimental rats was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and the MI animals were randomly divided into 3 groups: MI+BR group, in which the rats received BR 20 mg/kg.d, Sham group and MI group, the rats in those 2 groups received the same volume of normal saline. All animals were treated for 8 weeks. The cardiac function and structure were assessed by echocardiography, cardiac interstitial collagen deposition was evaluated by Masson stain, the myocardial cell apoptosis was detected by Tunel method, and the activation of nuclear factor (NF-κB) was also examined. Results: For echocardiography, MI group had enlarged left ventricular end diastolic diameter (7.28 ± 0.29) mm than Sham group (6.86 ± 0.36) mm,P0.05. MI group had increased left ventricular end systolic diameter (5.88 ± 0.33) mm than Sham group (4.61 ± 0.31) mm, but it decreased in MI+BR group (4.68 ± 1.17) mm, allP Conclusion: Application of BR may improve the ventricular remodeling and cardiac function in experimental MI rats, it might be because of BR partially inhibit NF-κB activation, reduce collagen deposition and help anti-apoptosis in myocardial cells.

Intervention of arterial elasticity and endothelial function in patients with hyperlipidemia / 中国基层医药

ObjectiveTo research the endothelial dysfunction and early changes in arterial elasticity in patients with hyperlipidemia and effects of atorvastatin on these changes.Methods40 patients with hyperlipidemia but without any treatment in our hospital were selected as a study group,and 30 healthy people were selected as control group.Use the Flow mediated dilation,FMD detection which bases on the echo-trackingtechnology,eTRACYING to evaluate the right brachial atherosclerosis parameters and vascular diastolic parameters,including the pressure strain elastic modulus(Ep) ;stiffness index (β) ;compliance (AC) ;FMDs and FMDd.The study group take atorvastatin 20mg per day,then retested above parameters and TC,LDL-C after 12 weeks and analyzed all parameters.ResultsThe values of β and Ep in study group are significantly higher than the control group (all P ＜ 0.001 ),but AC;FMDs and FMDd are significantly lower than the control group( all P ＜ 0.001 ).The results of the study group after the treatment of atorvastatin are as follwing:TC,LDL-C,β and Ep are lower than before,AC,FMDs and FMDd are higher than before;and the differences are of significance in statistics ( all P ＜ 0.001 ).ConclusionHyperlipidemic patients had shown the vascular endothelial injury and vascular early hardening before the abnormal changes in intimal,but the atorvastatin intervention could reverse these changes.

Nephroprotective effects of subcapsular transplantation of metanephric mesenchymal cells on acute tubular necrosis rats / 中华肾脏病杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the nephroprotective effects of transplanting metanephric mesenchymal cells (MMCs) into the renal subcaspsule of rats with acute tubular necrosis (ATN) induced by gentamicin. MethodsMMCs were expanded in culture and immunocytochemistry was used to characterize the cells. After gentamicin-induced ATN, fluorescence-labeled cells were transplanted and traced in kidney tissues by fluorescence microscopy. Serum creatinine (Scr) and N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were tested. Kidney pathology was studied by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Apoptosis was examined by the TUNEL assay. Ki-67 and Bcl-2 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. ResultsMMCs were expanded in culture and the phenotype of the cells was vimentin-positive and keratin-negative. Compared with other ATN groups, in the MMCs-treated group, Scr and NAG clearly decreased[14d Scr: (101.38±20.46) μmol/L vs (248.78±23.15), (252.98±33.52), (229.08±18.18) μmol/L;NAG: (14.83±7.74) U/L vs (33.33±14.88), (29.62±10.54), (30.22±10.94) U/L, P<0.05, respectively];the histopathoiogic lesion scores were lower (P<0.05);the Ki-67 antibody and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells were improved or reduced respectively;the expression of Bcl-2 protein was up-regulated (P<0.05). ConclusionThe subcapsular transplantation of MMCs can ameliorate renal function and repair kidney injury.

Treatment of metanephric mesenchymal cells transplantation for adriamycin-induced chronic nephropathy rats / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objecfive To detect the functional repair of metanephric mesenchymal cells (MMCs) transplantation in adriamycin (ADR)-induced glomerulopathy rats. Methods A total of 90 Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly divided into three groups:ADR group (n=40,rats were injected via the tail vein with O.25 mg ADR/100 g body weight on days 1 and 21),ADR- MMCs group(n=40,rats were injected via the tail vein with 5×10~6-7×10~6 MMCs 8 weeks after the second ADR administration),control(n=10).All the rats were scarified 8 weeks after MMCsinjection.Pathology and collagen IV expression in renal tissue were examined.Moreover,matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2) and matrix metallopmteinases 9 (MMP-9) expression in the renal tissue were also detected with immunohistochemistry,and quantity analysis of protein and gene was further demonstrated with Westem blot and RT-PCR analysis,respectively. Results There were no significant differences in tubulointerstitial injury score and glomerulosclerosis degree between ADR group and ADR-MMCs group(P>0.05).Compared with ADR group,collagen Ⅳ and MMP-2 expression decreased, MMP-9 expression incrased in renal tissue of ADR-MMCs group, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion MMCs transplantation may have potentially therapeutic effect on renal tissue fibrosis of adriamyein-induced glomerulopathy in rats, and the signaling pathways of MMPs appear to be involved in these processes.

In vitro labeling and tracing of metanephric mesenchymal cells derived from embryonic rats / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Stem cell transplantation provides a new approach to treat chronic renal disease.Specific marking and in vivo tracing of stern cells are the basis of studies in this field.However,the marking methods appropriate for all cells remain uncertain.OBJECTIVE:To observe the in vivo location and differentiation of 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and green fluorescence protein (GFP)-Iabeled cells in adriamycin nephrosis rats so as to explore an efficient labeling and tracing method for metanephric mesenchymal cells (MMCs) derived from embryonic rats.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Grouping comparative observation was performed at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from April to December 2007.MATERIALS:A total of 60 female SD rats,weighing 180-220 g,of dean grade,were used to establish models of adriamycin nephrosis.METHODS:DAPI and MMCs infected with GFP and DAPI were respectively injected into addamycin nephrosis via the tail vein.DAPI and GFP distribution in the frozen sections was detected at 1,3,and 5 weeks,postoperatively.In addition,GFP expression in renal tissues was detected by ABC immunoenzymatic staining method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:DAPI and GFP-labeled Cell grafts in adriamycin nephrosis rats were compared.The changes of GFP-transfected MMCs at different time points were observed.RESULTS:DAPI positive cells were observed in tubular structures after 1 weeks of injection of DAPI-labeled cells and DAPI alone,and remained existing at 5 weeks,but the florescence was reduced with time.GFP-transfected MMCs were able to survive and integrate into tubular structures after 1 week,and remained existing at 5 weeks.Moreover,the fluorescence was not reduced.ABC immunoanzymatic staining showed that only a few GFP-positive MMCs appeared in glomerular tufts,and mainly distributed in cytoplasm.Semi-quantitative evaluation of GFP show that the positive cell rate in rats with early application was greater than that with advanced application,and the positive rate was increased with time.CONCLUSION:Liposome mediated GFP gene transfer was an efficient labeling in vitro and suitable tracing method for cell differentiation experiment in vivo,suitable for short-term tracing and observation of transplanted cells.

Establish and evaluate allergic rhiultis model in guinea pigs with Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate / 中国医师杂志

Objective To understand the changes of allergic rhinitis from immunology,pathophysiology and morphology method were applied.Methods Toluene 2,4-diisocyanate was dissolved with florence oil to final concentration 10%,this solution was dropped into the nasal vestibules of animals to induce sensitization process.8 guinea pigs were prepared as allergic rhinitis with 10% Toluene 2,4-diisocyanate,and other 8 animals were used as blank controh.After model successfully established,the blood were obtained to determine RBC-C3b receptor rosette rate and RBC-imuuunocomplex rosette rate.The nasal mucosas were obtained from 2 groups,distribution and changes of substance P in nasal mucosa were observed with the application of immunohistochemical staining.The content of blood histamine was determined with ELASA method.The pathological changes of nasal mucosas were observed with the application of light microscope and transmission electron microscope.Results The behavior scores of the modeling animals were significantly higher than that of controls(P＜0.01).The value of RBC-C3b reeeptor rosette rate and RBC-imuuunoeomplex rosette rate of the modeling animals were significantly decreased than that of the controls(P＜0.05).Substance P presented in the normal nasal mucosal epithelial cells,epithelium cells of blood vessels,glandular cells and its duets,the staining density and the positive staining cells in the same aero in modeling group significantly increased,compared with controls.The counts of substance P-positive cells of control group were less than those of modeling group(P＜0.05).The content of blood histamine of the modeling animals were significantly increased compared with the controls(P＜0.01).The structure of false multiple coat cilium columnar epithelial cells in nasal mucosa of control group were successive,intact,and distinct.There were normal mucosal epithelium,lamina propria and submucosa.But modeling group showed that mucosal epithalamiums were damaged and shed,goblet cell proliferated,squamous metaphase,and epithelial necrosis happened,serous glands in lamina propria vigorously proliferated,blood vessels expanded,tissue edema formed,plenty of inflammatory cell such as eosinophil and mast cells were more in number and infiltrated.The structure of epithelial eells,cilia and mierotubule of nasal mucosa of control group were regular and distinct,there were abundant cellular organs in cytoplasm.Eosinophil cells were intact.But iu model group,mucosal epithalamium,cilia and its microtubule,mierovillus,goblet cell were damaged,the cell bulk and nucleus changed,mast cells and eosinophil cells changed,blood vessels expanded,serous glands vigorously proliferated.This morphological change was roughly identical to clinical manifestation of allergic rhinitis.Conclusion Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate can be used to establish allergic rhinitis model in guinea pigs,and some ehanges of the allergic rhinitis in model guinea pig were similar with clinic observation.