Toxicity Attenuation Mechanism on Processing Method for Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata in Guilingji Based on Urine Metabolomics / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveMetabolomics was used to reveal the mechanism of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata（ALRP） in attenuating toxicity by processing from the aspects of amino acid metabolism， oxidative stress and energy metabolism by analyzing multiple metabolic pathways. MethodTwenty-four rats were randomly divided into control group， raw group and processed group， 8 rats in each group. The raw and processed group were given with 0.64 g·kg-1 of raw ALRP and processed ALRP respectively every day， the control group was given with an equal amount of normal saline once a day. After continuous administration for 7 days， the urine， serum and heart tissue of rats were collected. Pathological examination of the heart was carried out using hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining， and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） and creatine kinase-MB（CK-MB） in serum and cardiac tissues were detected by microplate assay and immunoinhibition assay. The effects of ALRP on rat heart before and after processing were compared and analyzed. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） was used to perform urine metabolomics analysis， and multivariate statistical analysis was used to screen for differential metabolites related to ALRP in attenuating toxicity by processing， and pathway enrichment analysis was carried out to explore the processing mechanism. ResultHE staining showed that no obvious pathological changes were observed in the heart tissue of the control group， while obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells such as plasma cells and granulocytes was observed in the heart tissue of the raw group， indicating that the raw ALRP had strong cardiotoxicity. There was no significant difference in HE staining of heart tissue between the processed group and the control group， indicating that the toxicity of ALRP was significantly reduced after processing. Compared with the control group， the activities of LDH and CK-MB were significantly increased in serum and heart tissue of the raw group， and those were significantly decreased in serum and heart tissue of the processed group， suggesting that the myocardial toxicity of processed ALRP was reduced. A total of 108 endogenous differential metabolites associated with the raw ALRP were screened using multivariate statistical analysis in positive and negative modes， of which 51 differential metabolites were back-regulated by the processed ALRP. Biological analysis of the key regulatory pathways and associated network changes showed that the pathways related to toxicity of ALRP mainly included tryptophan metabolism， arginine and proline metabolism， phenylalanine metabolism， aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis， alanine， aspartate and glutamate metabolism， etc. The metabolic pathways related to the attenuation of processed ALRP mainly included aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis， tryptophan metabolism， phenylalanine， tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis， phenylalanine metabolism and caffeine metabolism. ConclusionThe processing technology of ALRP in Guilingji can significantly attenuate the cardiotoxicity of raw products， the mechanism mainly involves amino acid metabolism， oxidative stress and energy metabolism， which can provide experimental bases for the research related to the mechanism of toxicity reduction of ALRP by processing and its clinical safety applications.

Mechanism of Shexiang Baoxin pill in the treatment of atherosclerosis based on network pharmacology / 药学实践杂志

Objective To study the mechanism of Shexiang Baoxin pill in the treatment of atherosclerosis, and to provide a theoretical basis for long-term clinical application. Methods The chemical components and targets of Shexiang Baoxin pill were collected and screened by TCMSP, TCMID, ETCM and BATMAN databases. The targets related to atherosclerosis were collected and screened by DisGeNet, OMIM, TCMSP, DrugBank and DisGeNet. Drug-compound target network and protein-protein interaction network were constructed. Go and KEGG enrichment analysis of Shexiang Baoxin pill in the treatment of atherosclerosis were carried out on MetaScape platform. Results 114 potential therapeutic components of Shexiang Baoxin pill on atherosclerosis were selected, corresponding to 175 targets. The results of network analysis showed that the main active components of Shexiang Baoxin pill were chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, cinnamaldehyde and ginsenoside Rb1. The results of pathway enrichment showed that the anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of Shexiang Baoxin pill was related to the regulation of immunity, inflammation, and metabolism. Conclusion The active components of Shexiang Baoxin pill could act on ALB, INS, AKT1, ACTB, TNF, IL-6 and other targets, regulating multiple pathways to achieve the therapeutic effect on atherosclerosis.

Review of anti-atherosclerosis mechanism of a TCM formula / 药学实践杂志

The global morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases remain high. Atherosclerosis is an important pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases, and its pathogenic mechanism has not been fully clarified. It was reported that pathogenic mechanism of atherosclerosis is related to vascular endothelial cell injury, lipid metabolism disorder, inflammatory reaction, imbalance between autophagy and apoptosis, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) formula has shown good effects in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. There are a lot of studies that showed the anti-atherosclerosis effect and the mechanism of TCM formula. In this paper, we reviewed the mechanism of anti-atherosclerosis action of TCM formula by summarizing the research literatures in the past five years, and provide reference for the further systematic study of anti-atherosclerosis effect of TCM formula.

One new lignan glycoside from whole plants of Senecio chrysanthemoides / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents from the whole plants of Senecio chrysanthemoides.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Constituents were isolated by using a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS C18, as well as reversed-phase HPLC. Structures of the isolates were identified by spectroscopic and chemical methods.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Eighteen glycosides were obtained from a H2O-soluble portion of an ethanolic extract of the whole plants of Senecio chrysanthemoides and their structures were elucidated as 5'-methoxyligusinenoside B (1), hyuganoside III b (2), citrusin A (3), alaschanioside A (4), citrusin B (5), dehydrodieoniferyl alcohol 4, gamma'-di-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), osmanthuside G (7), syringin (8), dehydrosyringin (9), 2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl) ethanol 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (10), 2-phenylethyl beta-gentiobioside (11), phenethyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (12), nikoenoside (13), benzyl beta-D-glucopyranoyl (1 --> 6 ) -beta-D-glucopyranoside (14), 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (15), icariside B2 (16), sonchuionoside C (17), and 1-[(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy) methyl] -5,6-dihydropyrrolizin-7-one (18).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound 1 was a new lignan glycoside, and the remaining compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.</p>

Ethyl acetate-soluble chemical constituents from whole plants of Senecio chrysanthemoides / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents from the whole plants of Senecio chrysanthemoides.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by chromatographic techniques over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, preparative TLC and preparative HPLC. Structures of the compounds were identified by NMR and MS spectroscopic methods.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Twenty five compounds were obtained and their structures were elucidated as seneciphyline (1), senecionine (2) , 1,2-dihydrocacalohastine (3) , eu-desm-4( 15)-ene-1beta,6alpha-diol (4), 7,11,15-trimethyl- 3methylidenehexadecane-1,2-diol (5), faradiol 3-O-palmitate (6),maniladiol 3-O-palmitate (7), faradiol (8), maniladiol (9), beta-amyrin (10), alpha-amyrin (11), betulin (12), loranthol (13), (+)-syringaresinol (14) , 1-hydroxy-4-oxo-cyclohexane-1-acetate (15), 2, 6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (16), stigmasta-5, 22-dien-3beta-hydroxy-7-one (17) , stigmasta-5, 22-dien-7-one (18) , stigmasta-4-en-3-one (19), stigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one (20), beta-sitosterol (21), stigmasterol (22), daucosterol (23), glycerol 1-hendecanoate (24), and methyl hendecanoate (25).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 5-9,13, 17-20 and 24 were obtained from the genus Senecio for the first time.</p>