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Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanisms of Wnt pathway inhibitor IWR-1-endo on the biological behaviors of human hepatocarcinoma cell Huh7.Methods:Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell Huh7 was cultured in vitro, and Huh7 cells were treated with IWR-1-endo at different concentrations (0, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 μmol/L). Scratch test was used to detect changes in cell migration ability at diffe-rent drug concentrations, plate cloning was used to detect changes in cell proliferation, Western blotting was used to detect changes in the expression of Wnt pathway related protein β-catenin, and immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of β-catenin in cytoplasm and nucleus. Results:The results of the scratch test showed that the 24 h scratch healing rates of Huh7 cells treated with 0, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 μmol/L IWR-1-endo were (20.55±0.05)%, (12.10±0.08)%, (9.36±0.10)%, (3.62±0.09)%, (0.62±0.04)% and (0.23±0.02)%, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference ( F=230.87, P<0.001). Further pair comparison showed that there were statistically significant differences in 24 h scratch healing rates among different concentrations (all P<0.001). The 48 h scratch healing rates were (34.77±0.08)%, (17.69±0.05)%, (11.60±0.04)%, (5.68±0.07)%, (2.66±0.04)% and (1.75±0.02)%, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference ( F=589.68, P<0.001). Further pair comparison showed that there were statistically significant differences in 48 h scratch healing rates among different concentrations (all P<0.001). After treatment with IWR-1-endo at the concentration of 0, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 μmol/L, the clone formation rates of Huh7 cells were (61.67±0.21)%, (57.33±0.11)%, (50.00±0.25)%, (36.67±0.28)%, (23.33±0.12)% and (15.00±0.08)%, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference ( F=403.56, P<0.001). Further pair comparison showed that there were statistically significant differences in clone formation rates among different concentrations (all P<0.001). After treatment with 0, 20, 40, 80, and 160 μmol/L IWR-1-endo for 24 h, the relative expression levels of β-catenin in Huh7 cells were 0.30±0.08, 0.25±0.07, 0.22±0.05, 0.15±0.01 and 0.06±0.02, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference ( F=247.00, P<0.001). Compared with 0 μmol/L, the relative expression levels of β-catenin treated with 80 and 160 μmol/L had statistical significance ( P=0.014; P=0.008). Compared with 0 mol/L, immunofluorescence showed that the expressions of β-catenin in cytoplasm and nucleus were reduced after 80 μmol/L IWR-1-endo treatment. Conclusion:Wnt pathway inhibitor IWR-1-endo can inhibit the migration and proliferation of hepatocarcinoma cells Huh7 by inhibiting the activity of Wnt pathway. The above inhibitory effects are dose-dependent.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1)-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway on autophagy and chemosensitivity of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and its possible mechanism.Methods:Human hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7402 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into control group (BEL-7402 cells without any treatment), doxorubicin group, recombinant human HMGB1+doxorubicin group, anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibody+doxorubicin group, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate+doxorubicin group and 3-methyladenine + doxorubicin group. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method was used to detect cell proliferation inhibition rate. Western blot method was used to detect the expressions of HMGB1 and NF-κB subunit p-p65 protein, the autophagy-related proteins Beclin-1, LC3Ⅰ, LC3Ⅱ and apoptosis-related protein bcl-2. Enzyme labeling method was used to detect Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 activity.Results:The cell proliferation inhibition rates in the control group, doxorubicin group, recombinant human HMGB1+doxorubicin group, anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibody+doxorubicin group, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate+doxorubicin group and 3-methyladenine+doxorubicin group were (1.31±0.16)%, (47.80±6.30)%, (31.60±5.68)%, (67.20±6.83)%, (66.60±6.27)%, and (68.60±11.19)%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( F = 75.91, P < 0.01), suggesting that doxorubicin had a proliferation inhibitory effect on BEL-7402 cells; the expression levels of HMGB1 were 1.17±0.11, 1.37±0.15, 1.43±0.15, 0.70±0.09, 1.27±0.12, 1.29±0.18, and the difference was statistically significant ( F = 18.70, P < 0.01), suggesting that doxorubicin could increase the expression of HMGB1 in BEL-7402 cells, and the anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibody could block or attenuate this effect; after pretreatment with recombinant human HMGB1, the proliferation inhibitory effect of doxorubicin on BEL-7402 cells was weakened; after pretreatment with anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibody, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and 3-methyladenine, the proliferation inhibitory effect of doxorubicin on BEL-7402 cells was enhanced. Compared with the control group, the expression of p-p65 protein in the doxorubicin group, recombinant human HMGB1+doxorubicin group and 3-methyladenine+doxorubicin group increased (all P < 0.05). The expression of p-p65 protein in the recombinant human HMGB1+doxorubicin group, anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibody+doxorubicin group and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate+doxorubicin group was lower than that in the doxorubicin group (all P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression of bcl-2 protein in doxorubicin group, anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibody+doxorubicin group, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate+doxorubicin group and 3-methyladenine+ doxorubicin group decreased (all P < 0.05), and the activity of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 was enhanced (all P < 0.05); after adding recombinant human HMGB1 pretreatment, the expression of bcl-2 protein in the cells increased compared with doxorubicin alone, and the activity of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 was weakened (all P < 0.05). The expression levels of autophagy-related protein Beclin-1 in the control group, doxorubicin group, recombinant human HMGB1+doxorubicin group, anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibody+doxorubicin group, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate+doxorubicin group, and 3-methyl adenine+doxorubicin group were 0.77±0.12, 0.92±0.07, 1.29±0.10, 0.51±0.03, 0.49±0.06, and 0.42±0.05, and the difference was statistically significant ( F = 97.01, P < 0.01). The expression levels of LC3Ⅱ were 0.24±0.04, 0.39±0.04, 0.49±0.07, 0.23±0.05, 0.20±0.06, and 0.20±0.05, and the difference was statistically significant ( F = 26.98, P < 0.01). Conclusion:The activation of HMGB1-NF-κB signaling pathway can reduce the chemosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to doxorubicin, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of autophagy and down-regulation of doxorubicin inducing apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical features, treatment methods and prognostic factors of extranodal nasal type NK/T lymphoma (ENKTL).Methods:The clinical data of 45 patients treated in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2013 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Short-term efficacy was compared among low-risk, medium-risk and high-risk three groups according to PINK score. According to the treatment methods, the patients of stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ were divided into radiotherapy group and radiotherapy+ chemotherapy group. Chi-square test was used to compare the treatment outcomes. The effects of diagnosis time, clinical staging, symptom B, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Ki-67, prognostic index of NK lymphoma (PINK) and treatment methods on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed by using Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test was used for univariate analysis, and Cox proportional hazard model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.Results:The median age of 45 patients was 51 years old. There were 39 cases (86.7%) of stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ, 4 cases (8.9%) of stage Ⅲ, 2 cases(4.4%) of stage Ⅳ. The median time from first onset to diagnosis was 3.0 months (1.0-36.0 months), and serum EBV-DNA positive rate was 95.6% (43/45). The complete remission (CR) rate and progression of the disease (PD) rate were statistically different of different risk groups ( χ2 = 10.952, P < 0.01; χ2 = 12.217, P = 0.002). Among 43 patients of stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ, there were 11 patients in the radiotherapy alone group, including 4 cases (36.3%) of CR, 3 cases (27.3%) of partial remission (PR), 4 cases (36.4%) of PD; and 32 patients in the chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy group, including 23 cases (71.9%) of CR, 4 cases (12.5%) of PR, 5 cases (15.6%) of PD. The difference in CR rate of both groups was statistically significant ( χ2 = 4.418, P = 0.036). Univariate analysis suggested that PINK score and B symptom were related to OS ( χ2 = 8.140, P = 0.017; χ2 = 5.545, P = 0.019). PINK score and clinical staging were associated with PFS ( χ2 = 12.517, P = 0.002; χ2 = 10.016, P = 0.002); Cox multivariate analysis indicated that clinical staging was an independent influencing factor of PFS ( HR = 4.104, 95% CI 1.571-10.725, P = 0.004). Conclusions:ENKTL with specific location has longer clinical diagnosis time, and the positive rate of EBV-DNA is high. The patients with B symptom and high PINK score have poor OS, and patients with late clinical staging and high PINK score have short PFS. Clinical staging is considered as an independent factor affecting PFS. The PINK score risk stratification has a guiding significance in the short-term efficacy evaluation, and the chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy can increase CR rate for patients less than stage Ⅳ.
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Objective To investigate the application of the flipped classroom based on micro-class versus traditional class in animal surgery teaching, and to provide new thinkings for animal surgery teaching. Methods A total of 120 undergraduates from Navy Medical University were randomly divided into control group (class A) and experimental group (class B). The students in class A received traditional teaching, and those in class B received flipped classroom teaching . Questionnaire survey and course assessment were performed after teaching, and a comparative analysis was also performed. Results The self-assessment survey showed that 88.3％, 73.3％, 71.6％, 48.3％, and 73.3％ of the students in class A (traditional teaching) filled in the questionnaire with "Very Helpful and Helpful", while 91.7％, 85.0％, 83.3％, 78.3％, and 75.0％of the students in class B (flipped classroom teaching) filled in with"Very Helpful and Helpful"; class B gave better overall evaluation of teaching model than that of class A. The mean total score of class B was 0.91, higher than that of class A (8.43 vs. 7.52, P<0.05), and the mean total score of examination papers in class B was 10.92, higher than that in class A (101.13 vs. 90.21, P<0.05). Conclusion Flipped classroom based on micro-class could improve the teaching effect of debridement course on animal surgery and increase students' self-learning ability.
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Objective@#To compare the dosimetric differences among Target-Segmented Plan (TSP), Non-TSP, and conventional static 8-field intensity modulated radiation therapy (8F-IMRT) plan for post-mastectomy irradiation of left-sided breast cancer patients.@*Methods@#This study enrolled thirty consecutive breast cancer patients who underwent radical mastectomy and treated with post-op radiation in Department of Radiation Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from June 2017 to November 2018.The clinical target volume (CTV) included the ipsilateral chest wall, supra/infra-clavicular, high-risk partial axillary in high risk, and internal mammary nodes (IMN). The organs at risk (OARs) near the targets, including ipsilateral lung, heart, contralateral breast, ipsilateral humeral head and spinal cord, were contoured as well. The maximum distance of PTV′s tangent to the outermost side of the affected lung was more than 2 cm. Depending on the maximum distance, the patients were classified into three groups: A(<3 cm), B(3~4 cm) and C(>4 cm), respectively. Three types of treatment plans (TSP, Non-TSP and 8F-IMRT) were created for each patient using the Eclipse treatment planning system with the same dose optimization objective . The dose-volume histograms were compared for the PTVs and OARs.@*Results@#All plans achieved the intended dose criteria.The D98% of TSP was lower than that of Non-TSP and 8F-IMRT (Z=-3.294, -3.266, P<0.05). However, the homogeneity index (HI) and conformal index (CI) of the three plans had no statistically significant difference among the three plans (P>0.05). Non-TSP required more Monitor Units (MUs)than the other two plans (Z=-3.04, -2.669, P<0.05). The Dmean of TSP was higher than that of 8F-IMRT (Z=-3.181, P<0.05). Compared with Non-TSP and 8F-IMRT plans, TSP significantly reduced V5 Gy, V10 Gy, V20 Gy and Dmeanof ipsilateral lung and heart in all patients (lung: V5 Gy: Z=-3.408, -3.408; V10 Gy: Z=-3.408, -3.408; V20 Gy: Z=-3.408, -3.124; Dmean: Z=-3.408, -3.408, P<0.05; heart: V5 Gy: Z=-3.408, -3.408; V10 Gy: Z=-3.408, -3.408; V20 Gy: Z=-2.499, -3.067; Dmean: Z=-3.408, -3.408, P<0.05). The Dmean of contralateral breast in Non-TSP was higher than that in TSP and 8F-IMRT (Z=-2.954, -2.215, P<0.05), and the Dmaxhas no significant difference in (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in spinal cord Dmax among the three plans, but the Dmean of humeral head in 8F-IMRT was higher than that in TSP and Non-TSP (Z=-3.01, -2.442, P<0.05). In the three groups, the mean amplitude of difference comparing Non-TSP and 8F-IMRT with TSP in ipsilateral lung(V5 Gy, V10 Gy, V20 Gy) and heart(V5 Gy, V10 Gy, Dmean) satisfied the relation: D(N-T, A)<D(N-T, B) <D(N-T, C)和D(8F-T, A)<D(8F-T, B) <D(8F-T, C).@*Conclusions@#For post-mastectomy left-sided breast cancer patients, TSP is not only dosimetrically feasible as Non-TSP and 8F-IMRT treatment techniques, but also could effectively reduce the irradiation volume of the ipsilateral lung and heart in the low dose area with minimum adverse dosimetric impact on the treatment targets and other OARs.The advantage of TSP is more prominent with increasing curvature of the clinic target volume.
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Objective@#To investigate the application of the flipped classroom based on micro-class versus traditional class in animal surgery teaching, and to provide new thinkings for animal surgery teaching.@*Methods@#A total of 120 undergraduates from Navy Medical University were randomly divided into control group (class A) and experimental group (class B). The students in class A received traditional teaching, and those in class B received flipped classroom teaching. Questionnaire survey and course assessment were performed after teaching, and a comparative analysis was also performed.@*Results@#The self-assessment survey showed that 88.3%, 73.3%, 71.6%, 48.3%, and 73.3% of the students in class A (traditional teaching) filled in the questionnaire with "Very Helpful and Helpful", while 91.7%, 85.0%, 83.3%, 78.3%, and 75.0% of the students in class B (flipped classroom teaching) filled in with "Very Helpful and Helpful"; class B gave better overall evaluation of teaching model than that of class A. The mean total score of class B was 0.91, higher than that of class A (8.43 vs. 7.52, P<0.05), and the mean total score of examination papers in class B was 10.92, higher than that in class A (101.13 vs. 90.21, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Flipped classroom based on micro-class could improve the teaching effect of debridement course on animal surgery and increase students' self-learning ability.
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Objective To investigate the expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) ,glucose trans-porter-1 (GLUT-1) and lactate dehydrogenase-5 (LDH-5) in gastric cancer tissues and their correlation with pathological features.Methods From June 2015 to June 2017 ,93 cases of gastric cancer resection were select-ed as the observation group ,and the cancer adjacent tissues were taken as the control group.Immunohisto-chemical staining was used to detect the expression of HIF-1α ,GLUT-1 and LDH-5.The gastric cancer tissues from 93 patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy in the hospital were taken as the observation group ,and the adjacent tissues were taken as the control group.The expressions of HIF-1α ,GLUT-1 and LDH-5 in two groups were determined by Immunohistochemical MaxVision Ⅲ method.The positive expres-sions of HIF-1α ,GLUT-1 and LDH-5 in two groups were compared ,and the correlation between HIF-1α , GLUT-1 and LDH-5 in gastric cancer tissues ,and the expressions of HIF-1α ,GLUT-1 and LDH-5 in different sex ,age ,clinical stage and differentiation degree were compared.Results The positive expression rates of HIF-1α ,GLUT-1 and LDH-5 in the observation group were higher than those in the control group ,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜ 0.05) ;HIF-1α ,GLUT-1 and LDH-5 were positively correlated with each other ;there were no significant differences of HIF-1α ,GLU T-1 and LDH-5 levels in different gender group and different age group (P＞0.05) ;the positive expression rates of HIF-1α ,GLU T-1 and LDH-5 at Ⅲ and Ⅳ stages were higher than those at Ⅰ and Ⅱ stages ,the positive expression rates of HIF-1α ,GLUT-1 and LDH-5 of low differentiation were higher than those of high and middle differentiation and the differences were statistically significant (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion The high expressions of HIF-1α ,GLUT-1 and LDH-5 were observed in gastric cancer tissue.HIF-1α ,GLUT-1 and LDH-5 were linearly and positively correlated with each other ,and had a significant correlation with the clinicopathological features.With the increase of clinical stage and the degree of differentiation ,the expression of HIF-1 a ,GLUT-1 and LDH-5 were higher.
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Skeleton metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis and fracture have posed an detrimental impact on the elderly, which is a primary cause of paralysis and even death in patients. Osteoblast and osteoclast are the two major parts in the regulation of bone homeostasis and imbalance of these two cells, which may result in dysfunction of bone metabolism. Recent researches indicated that bone homeostasis was primarily regulated by endocrine, paracrine, and local mechanical processes. However, increasing evidences have indicated that the significant role of nerve system may involve in bone metabolism via both central and peripheral pathways. Neuropeptide Y(NPY), a neurotransmitter that belongs to a family of peptides,serves as a critical hinge connecting nerve system and skeleton system. Several studies have suggested that NPY generated by both central and peripheral nerve system could regulate bone homeostasis and that NPY-energic nerve fibers distributed on bone surface and in intramedullary cavity and NPY receptors located at osteoblast, chondrocyte, and osteocytes also provide a basis for nerve-skeleton metabolic pathways. NPY can directly regulate osteoprogenitor, involving in the production and differentiation of osteoblast and osteoclast. In addition, as a pivotal molecular of energy homeostasis, NPY may affect glucose and fat homeostasis. Studies of animal models also have further indicated energy metabolism may directly or indirectly participate in the regulation of bone mass. Therefore, further researches on the relationship between NPY and bone homeostasis may facilitate to unveil the central and peripheral regulatory effect of NPY on bone homeostasis and provide a new sight for the treatment of skeleton metabolism-related diseases in the future.
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Objective To investigate the clinical effect of anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion (ACAF) for the treatment of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the cervical spine.Methods The data of 45 cases with cervical posterior longitudinal ligament ossification treated by ACAF from March 2017 to October 2017 were retrospectively analyzed,including 25 males and 20 females,age 45-68 years,average 57.5 years.There were 18 cases involving C3 vertebral body,30 cases involving C4 vertebral body,40 cases involving C5 vertebral body,34 cases involving C6 vertebral body,and 7 cases involving C7 vertebral body.The function of the neural function was evaluated by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring system at preoperation and latest follow-up.The curvature of the cervical spine was measured on the lateral X-ray film of the cervical spine,the maximum occupying ratio of the spinal canal was measured on the cross section of the CT scan,and compression of the cervical spinal cord was evaluated by the cervical MRI.Results Patients were followed up for 3 to 6 months (average,3.9 months).The improvement of neurological function was obtained in all the patients.The JOA score improvement rate at the latest follow-up was 71.3％±9.6％.The cervical lordosis was improved from preoperative 4.5°±3.8° to 10.3°±4.8° at the latest follow-up.The canal stenosis ratio was decreased from preoperative 54.3％±8.2％ to 12.5％±5.3％ at the latest follow-up.MRI showed that the cervical spinal cord was adequately decompressed in situ.No specific complications were identified that were associated with this technique.Conclusion The present study elaborates the surgical tips and demonstrates the satisfactory outcome of ACAF for the treatment of OPLL.This novel technique has the potential to serve as an alternative surgical technique for the treatment of cervical OPLL.
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Semen Ziziphi spinosae ( SZS) , as a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine in clinic for insomnia therapy, is rich in pharmacological active ingredients such as saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, oil and the other chemical compounds. The recent stud-ies indicated that some active ingredients in SZS exhibited a variety of activities including sedative hypnotics, antianxiety and anti-de-pression by regulating particular neurotransmitters such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), norepi-nephrine, dopamine and glutamate. In accordance with the previous studies on pharmacological activities of SZS, this paper summa-rized and reviewed the applications of SZS in the treatment of central nervous system diseases, myocardial diseases and hepatic disea-ses, which might provide solid evidence for the application development of SZS.
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Objective To report a novel technique named anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion (ACAF) for the treatment of severe ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine,which allows for direct decompression of the nerve without resection of the ossification,making up for deficiencies in traditional anterior or posterior decompression.Methods The main surgical procedures of the ACAF included treatment of intervertebral space,removal of the anterior part of vertebrae,installation of titanium plate and interbody fusion cages,bilateral osteotomies of the vertebrae,and antedisplacement of the vertebrae ossification complex.The clinical data of two patients undergoing this surgery for severe ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of cervical spine were collected and analyzed.Results ACAF enabled direct decompression of spinal cord and nerve root through antedisplacement of the vertebrae ossification complex.The two patients who underwent ACAF gained satisfactory restoration with decompression of spinal cord and good recovery of neurological function,with no specific complications.Conclusion ACAF surgery takes into account the effectiveness of anterior direct decompression and the safety of posterior indirect decompression.Preliminary results shows that it can be used for severe cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.
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Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) transcripts can communicate with microRNAs (miRNAs) through competitively binding the common miRNA response elements (MREs),which remove or decrease the repression of target genes of miRNAs.The present studies indicate that a large amount of genes,serving as ceRNAs,can promote or inhibit the occurrence of liver cancer by competing the binding site of same genes that can promote or suppress tumorigenesis.
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Objective To investigate up-regulation of lncRNA-AK058003 expression in SK-Hep1 hepatocellular carcinoma cells and its effect on the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft tumor in nude mice.Methods The recombinant plasmid of lncRNA-AK058003 and empty plasmid were transferred into SK-Hep1 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line by the method of slow virus transfection.The overexpression of lncRNA-AK058003 cell line was screened by neomycin.Overexpression of lncRNA-AK058003 in SK-Hep1 hepatocarcinoma cells was detected by quantitative PCR.SK-Hep1 hepatocellular carcinoma cells stably overexpressing lncRNA-AK058003 and SK-Hep1 hepatocellular carcinoma cells containing empty plasmids were injected subcutaneously into armpit of nude mice.The long and short diameters of the transplanted tumor were measured regularly to calculate the volume of the xenograft tumor.After 35 days of feeding we measure the weight of the xenograft tumor.Results The recombinant plasmid of lncRNA-AK058003 was successfully constructed and stably over expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.The experimental results of subcutaneous tumor bearing nude mice showed that the volume(308.4 ± 439.4mm3),weight (0.464 ± 0.518g)and growth rate of the xenograft tumor in the over expression group were lower than that of the empty plasmid group(1410.0 ± 973.0mm3,1.363 ± 0.856g,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion LncRNA-AK058003 has inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft tumor in nude miee.
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Objective To investigate up-regulation of lncRNA-AK058003 expression in SK-Hep1 hepatocellular carcinoma cells and its effect on the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft tumor in nude mice.Methods The recombinant plasmid of lncRNA-AK058003 and empty plasmid were transferred into SK-Hep1 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line by the method of slow virus transfection.The overexpression of lncRNA-AK058003 cell line was screened by neomycin.Overexpression of lncRNA-AK058003 in SK-Hep1 hepatocarcinoma cells was detected by quantitative PCR.SK-Hep1 hepatocellular carcinoma cells stably overexpressing lncRNA-AK058003 and SK-Hep1 hepatocellular carcinoma cells containing empty plasmids were injected subcutaneously into armpit of nude mice.The long and short diameters of the transplanted tumor were measured regularly to calculate the volume of the xenograft tumor.After 35 days of feeding we measure the weight of the xenograft tumor.Results The recombinant plasmid of lncRNA-AK058003 was successfully constructed and stably over expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.The experimental results of subcutaneous tumor bearing nude mice showed that the volume(308.4 ± 439.4mm3),weight (0.464 ± 0.518g)and growth rate of the xenograft tumor in the over expression group were lower than that of the empty plasmid group(1410.0 ± 973.0mm3,1.363 ± 0.856g,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion LncRNA-AK058003 has inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft tumor in nude miee.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of silencing ACAT1 gene on colon cancer cells proliferation,migration,invasion and colon cancer development by using the small interference RNA (siRNA) in colon cancer cell line HT-29.Methods Acyl coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) gene was silenced in HT-29 cell lines using Hiperfect transfection reagent.The expression level of ACAT1 was detected by real time PCR.CFSE and transwell assays were used to evaluate the effect of ACAT1 gene interfering on cells proliferation,mi gration and invasion.Result ACAT1 mRNA expression decreased obviously after siRNA interference.Compared with pre-transfection,proliferation,migration and invasion of colon cancer cells have been significantly inhibited (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion ACAT1 gene interference reduced proliferation,migration and of invasion of HT29 cells,which provide a new potential target for colon cancer treatment.
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The spices, with a wide range of remarkable pharmacological effects, were limited in developing clinical drugs because of their poor solubility, high irritation and low bioavailability. Controlled release preparations can delay the release of drugs on the basis of solubility enhancement to improve bioavailability. The research on spice ingredient-loaded controlled release preparations was sum-marized in the paper for the further development of spice active ingredients.
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Male breast cancer (MBC)is one of rare malignant carcinomas,of which the pathogenesis and biological characteristics remain elusive.Recently,it has been reported that breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA)1 ,BRCA2,checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2)and partner and localizer of BRCA2 (PALB2)play important roles in the pathogenesis of MBC.Whereas the relationship between BRCA1 -interacting protein 1 (BRIP1 )and MBC is still controversial.
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Abstract: Lipoproteins are biological lipids carriers. The natural and reconstituted lipoprotein based drug delivery systems have been extensively developed in recent years. This article reviews the development of natural and reconstituted low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein based vehicles in the antitumor area.
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The main active components in Ginkgo biloba extracts were Ginkgo biloba flavonoids and lactone compounds. This pa-per reviewed on the kinds and pharmacological effects of the active ingredients in Ginkgo biloba extracts, and focused on four aspects including controlled-release preparations, solubilized solid preparations, nanoparticle formulations and time- and site-specific formula-tions to introduce the development in the new dosage forms of Ginkgo biloba flavonoids and lactone compounds.
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Objective To investigate the gross tumor volume (GTV) changes in nonoperatively treated lung cancer patients during radiotherapy by off-line analysis using kilovoltage cone-beam computed tomography (KVCBCT).Methods Eighteen nonoperatively treated lung cancer patients were divided into group A (n =13) to receive conventional radiotherapy (1.8-2.2 Gy/fraction) and group B (n =5) to receive accelerated radiotherapy (5-8 Gy/fraction).Group A was further divided into subgroup A1 (n =10) and subgroup A2 (n =3) according to GTV changes.Each patient in group A underwent KVCBCT scan before treatment once a week,and each patient in group B underwent KVCBCT scan before each treatment.KVCBCT and CT images were registered in the treatment planning system to analyze GTV changes.Results Of all patients in group A,77％ showed ＞ 20％ GTV reduction.Subgroup A1 had the maximum GTV reduction in the 4th week of treatment (the 20th treatment) ;Subgroup A1 had a mean reduction of (0.94 ± 9.94)％,with a maximum value of-56.76％.Subgroup A2 showed no correlation between GTV changes and treatment time.Group B had a mean GTV reduction of (-7.41 ± 1.76)％,with a maximum value of -15.91％.Of all patients in group B,71％ showed ≤ 10％ GTV reduction.Small GTV changes were observed in group B.Conclusions There are no regular GTV changes in nonoperatively treated lung cancer patients during radiotherapy.Adaptive radiotherapy is recommended in the cases where GTV is reduced over 20％ in the 20th treatment.