Cone-beam CT analysis of occlusal planes between different vertical skeletal types of adult class Ⅱ malocclusions in Shandong province / 解剖学报

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the cant of the occlusal planes in Chinese adult class Ⅱ malocclusions with hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent facial vertical patterns using cone-beam CT. Methods The descriptive, cross-sectional study evaluated 123 cephalogram from CBCT(CCB) of patients in Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. According to cephalometric analysis, 89 Chinese adult class Ⅱ patients were divided into three groups according to the angle between FH-MP and the angle between SN-MP. In comparison, 34 Class I normodivergent malocclusions individuals were selected as the control group. Comparing the cephalometric result between 4 groups. Results As expected,the hyperdivergent group had steeper anterior occlusal planes(14. 73±3. 76) . and posterior occlusal planes(21. 42±5. 77)., there was a significant statistical difference between the hyperdivergent group and other 2 groups in class Ⅱ patients (P<0. 05). The height of maxillary second molar increased from high angle group to low angle group (P<0. 01). Conclusion There are different characters of the occlusal planes in varied vertical facial pattern. The inclinations of anterior and posterior occlusal planes in Chinese class Ⅱ hyperdivergent group were steeper than other 3 groups. The difference of posterior occlusal plane inclination is mainly caused by the height of maxillary second molar.

Expression of CD133, PAX2, ESA, and GPR30 in invasive ductal breast carcinomas / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Biomarkers in breast neoplasms provide invaluable information regarding prognosis and help determining the optimal treatment. We have examined the possible correlation between cancer stem cell (CSC)-like markers (CD133, paired box gene 2 protein (PAX2), epithelial specific antigen (ESA)), and a new membrane estrogen receptor (G-protein coupled receptor 30 (GPR30)) in invasive ductal breast carcinomas with known clinicopathological parameters, tumor recurrence, and expression of some known biomarkers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In 74 invasive ductal breast carcinomas, we investigated the protein expression of these molecular markers by immunohistochemistry, and their associations with known clinicopathological parameters, tumor recurrence, and expression of some known biomarkers. We studied the interrelationship between the expressions of these proteins.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CD133, a putative CSC marker, was positively related to tumor size, tumor stage, and lymph node metastasis. PAX2 was negatively correlated with tumor recurrence. ESA, one of the breast CSC markers, was an indicator of tumor recurrence. GPR30 was associated with hormone receptors. Despite the correlation between GPR30 and the nuclear estrogen receptor, the expression was dependent. Positive staining of GPR30 in tumors displayed a significant association with high C-erbB2 expression and a tendency for tumor recurrence. A positive relationship between GPR30 and CD133 existed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Detecting the expression of CD133, PAX2, ESA, and GPR30 in invasive ductal breast carcinomas may be of help in more accurately predicting the aggressive properties of breast cancer and determining the optimal treatment.</p>

Study on lymph node metastasis in 292 patients with early gastric cancer / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the status of lymph node metastasis (LNM) and reasonable procedure in early gastric cancer (EGC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and ninety-two patients with histologically proven mucosal or submucosal gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy/lymphadenectomy were included in this study. The numbers of total dissected lymph node were all above 15 in all patients. The clinical characteristics, pathologic features, and LNM were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LNM were observed in 43 of 292 cases (14.7%), and 6.4% in mucosal lesions and 22.4% in submucosal lesions. The LNM was identified in 12.7% at the first level, 7.2% at the second level and 0.34% at the third level. The LNM frequency was found in the 6, 3, 4, 1, 5 lymph node (from high to low) consequently at the first level and the 7, 8a lymph node at the second level. The EGC with nodal involvement and the tumors < 2.0 cm in diameter were all depressed type. The diameter of elevated type with LNM was no less than 3.0 cm in this series. The depth of invasion and lymphatic vessel involvement were independent influencing factors in LNM on multivariate analysis (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Less extensive surgery might be considered for the elevated type EGC, and tumors <or= 2.0 cm in diameter and mucosal lesions. Gastrectomy with D1 plus No.7, 8a lymphadenectomy might be carried out in the depressed type/<or= 3.0 cm in diameter, or in the elevated type/> 3.0 cm in diameter. With respect to the depressed type EGC/tumors > 3.0 cm in diameter, gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy is proper.</p>

Comparison of pBcl-2 and pBax expression in primary invasive ductal pancreatic cancer between Chinese and Japanese patients / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To clarify the clinicopathologic significance of the expression of the Bcl-2 protein (pBcl-2) and the Bax protein (pBax), and their clinical implications in Chinese and Japanese patients with human invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) of the pancreas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study included 59 Chinese and 65 Japanese patients with IDCs of the pancreas. pBcl-2 and pBax expression were immuno-stained with streptavidin-biotin (SAB) method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>pBcl-2 (+) was seen in 35.6% of Chinese and in 23.1% of Japanese patients. pBax (+) was seen in 49.2% of Chinese and 64.7% of Japanese patients. A comparison between them showed that there were significant differences in the male patients, in the patients with the moderately differentiated cancer, and in the elderly patients (chi squared = 4.447, P = 0.035; chi squared = 4.114, P = 0.043; chi squared = 6.657, P = 0.010 respective). In both Chinese and Japanese patients, those with pBcl-2 positive expression had a significantly higher survival rate than those with negative one (chi squared = 9.99, P = 0.0016; chi squared = 7.63, P = 0.0058). The group with pBax positive expression had a significantly higher survival rate in Japanese patients (chi squared = 9.37, P = 0.0022). Japanese patients whose tumors exhibited pBcl-2 and pBax positive immunostaining survived significantly longer than Chinese patients did (chi squared = 4.48, P = 0.0342; chi squared = 5.23, P = 0.023).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expressions of both pBcl-2 and pBax are high found in Chinese and Japanese patients. The pBcl-2 positive expression implies a better prognosis in both Chinese and Japanese patients with IDCs of the pancreas. The effect of pBax expression on prognosis is different between Chinese and Japanese patients.</p>

Expression of programmed cell death 4 and its clinicopathological significance in human pancreatic cancer / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) protein and its clinicopathological significance in human pancreatic cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of PDCD4 protein in 69 specimens of pancreatic cancer and Western blot in 8 fresh specimens.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of PDCD4 protein was significantly lower in all 8 fresh pancreatic cancer tissues than that in non-cancerous tissues detected by Western blot. Compared with non-cancerous pancreatic tissue (> 80% of positive cells), low PDCD4 expression was shown in 69 pancreatic cancer tissues (< 30% of positive cells in 36 cases and 30%-80% of positive expression cells in 33 cases). In the 33 cases with 30% and 80% of positive expression cells, the expression rates of PDCD4 protein were 57.6%, 24.2%, and 18.2% in well, moderately, and poorly differentiated cancers, respectively. In the 36 cases less than 30% of positive expression cells, however, the expression rate of PDCD4 protein in well, moderately, and poorly differentiated cases were 19.4%, 41.7%, and 38.9%, respectively. 67.4% (15/23) of the moderately differentiated cases and 70% (14/20) of the poorly differentiated cases showed < 30% of positive expression cells. Only 26.9% (7/26) of the well differentiated cases, however, showed < 30% of positive expression cells, indicating that low PDCD4 expression was associated with histological grade (P < 0.01). There was no relationship between PDCD4 expression and other clinicopathological parameters including patients' sex, age, and TNM stage.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Expression of PDCD4 protein is low in human pancreatic cancer and is correlated with the differentiation levels of human pancreatic cancer. PDCD4 may play an important role in the occurrence and development of pancreatic carcinomas.</p>