RESUMO
Taking advantage of current advancements of the laboratory information system, patient-based real-time quality control (PBRTQC) has become a hot research topic with the potential of significantly improving the quality of clinical laboratories. PBRTQC has several advantages over conventional internal quality control, including the merit of continuous error detection, low maintenance cost, and no fear of loss of quality control due to commutability issue. This review summarized the recent research progress in PBRTQC. The review described the fundamental theories of PBRTQC and explained how to implement PBRTQC in clinical laboratories in detail. The review also provided prospective view on how to solve the current problems and what are the future research directions of PBRTQC.