Study on determination and pharmacokinetics of garlic saponins PIEB in the rat plasma by LC-MS/MS / 药学实践杂志

Objective To establish a method for concentration determination of garlic saponins PIEB in the rat plasma and study the pharmacokinetics of PIEB.Methods The separation was performed on a reverse phase Athena C18-WP (50mm×2.1mm, 3μm), with the mobile phase consisted of elution of acetonitrile-water (contain 0.05％formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.3ml/min.After intravenous and gavage administration, the blood samples of rats were collected in different time, and measured by LC-MS/MS.The pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated by Inna Phase Kinetica2000TMpharmacokinetics software.Results There was a good linearity of the calibration curves over the concentration range of 10-2 430ng/ml (r=0.999 1), and the investigation of methodology all accorded with the demands.After intravenous administration of 50mg/kg PIEB in rats, the maximum concentration of PIEB was achieved immediately.The t1/2of PIEB was about 322minutes and the MRT was 270minutes.After oral administration of low, medium and high concentrations of garlic saponin, the AUC and cmaxincreased with the increasing of dosage, which were consistent with the features of linear pharmacokinetics.Conclusion The established method was simple, accurate and sensitive, which could be suitable for the contents determination of garlic saponins PIEB in the rat plasma.

An in situ gel system for nasal delivery of menthol: preparation and safety evaluation / 药学实践杂志

Objective To prepare an in situ gel system for nasal delivery of menthol and to evaluate the safety of this formulation.Methods Menthol in situ gel was prepared with deacetylatedgellan gum.The nasal mucocilia toxicities of this formulation was evaluated using in situ toad palate model.Guinea pig skin sensitization test and the rabbit skin irritation test were conducted.Skin allergy and irritation reaction were monitored and scored.Results No significant effect on nasal mucosa ciliary movement and the morphology of rat nasal mucosa were observed.The formulation did not induce any dermal irritation in rabbits.Skin allergic reaction was not found in guinea pigs.Conclusion The preparation of menthol in situ nasal gel with low ciliary toxicity was easily achieved.This gel has good physiological flexibility.The further investigation was warranted for this formulation as an intranasal drug delivery system.

Cuprous oxide nanoparticles effect on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of B16 cells / 药学实践杂志

Objective To research the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) effects of cuprous oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) on melanoma.Methods Cuprous oxide nanoparticles were prepared hydrothermally.The B16 cells were cultured with cuprous oxide nanoparticlesat different concentrations (5,25,50 μg/ml).The changes of the morphology of the B16 cell were observed under the inverted microscope.The effects of CONPs on B16 cell migration ability were detected through the Wound healing assay and the Transwell assay.Then cell immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to test the EMT related molecular markers, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Cytokeratin, and Vimentin.Results The synthesized cuprous oxide nanoparticles distribute uniformly with a diameter of 40 nm.Our study indicated that CONPs inhibited the EMT of B16 cell.A conversion process was discovered in this study.In B16 cells, CONPs inhibited B16 cell migration, promoted the expression of E-cadherin, Cytokeratin and Desmoplakin, while the expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin was repressed in protein level.Conclusion Cuprous oxide nanoparticles can significantly restrain the invasion and metastasis of melanoma cells and inhabit the EMT of B16 cells.

Cross-sectional survey and analysis of cleaning quality of dental handpieces in Suzhou City / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To explore the cleaning status and cleaning quality of dental handpieces in various types of medical institutions in Suzhou City.Methods On October 26-31, 2015, dental clinics in the whole city were sampled according to cross-sectional survey and proportional sampling method, the cleaning quality of dental handpieces in each clinic was detected by ATP bioluminescence assay.Results 72 medical institutions, 201 handpieces, 402 samples in 10 administrative regions of the city were sampled, 42 samples was unqualified, unqualified rate was 10.45％, unqualified rate of cleaning of dental handpiece surface was higher than waterline of dental handpiece(17.91％ vs 2.99％, P<0.05).Cleaning quality of dental handpieces in different grades of medical institutions was different(P<0.05), tertiary medical institutions were all ualified, medical institutions without grade was 14.45％.According to the classification based on name of different medical institutions, cleaning quality of handpieces was statistically significant(P<0.05), cleaning efficacy of dental handpieces in department of stomatology of public hospitals was best(unqualified rate was 4.31％), while private dental clinics had the worst cleaning efficacy(unqualified rate was 13.81％).Conclusion Education and training of dental handpieces cleaning in the whole city should be strengthened, especially the management of cleaning of dental handpieces in low grade and private dental clinics.

Relevant influential factors for cleaning quality of dental handpieces / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To understand the cleaning quality of dental handpieces in Suzhou City, analyze the relevant factors that influencing cleaning effect.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed with the proportional system sampling method, questionnaires were adopted to investigate the cleaning location, cleaning method and process of dental handpieces, the ATP fluorescence detection method was conducted to detect cleaning quality.Results In 10 administrative regions of this city, a total of 72 medical institutions were selected, 25 were public medical oral diagnosis and treatment institutions, 47 were private clinics.Cleaning effect of automatic handpiece cleaning machine was better than traditional manual cleaning (unqualified rate :3.95% vs 11.96%, P0.05).The quality of cleaning of handpieces could be improved if waiting time of cleaning ≤30 minutes, enzymes were used during cleaning, and purified water was used at the end rinse(all P<0.05);whether there was drying process and used lubricant, difference were both not significant.Conclusion Using automatic handpiece cleaning machine, cleaning personnel with adequate knowledge, cleaning waiting time ≤30 minutes, enzyme use during the cleaning process, and purified water use at the end rinse can improve the quality of cleaning of dental handpieces.

Current status of cleaning and disinfection of digestive endoscopes in medi-cal institutions in Suzhou City / 中国感染控制杂志

cleaning and disinfection.Results All 28 surveyed medical institutions had separate endoscope disinfection rooms, 89.29% of which had integrated endoscopic cleaning station,17.86% had automatic endoscope washer/disinfector;100% used multi-enzymatic detergent,chose the right disinfectant,monitored disinfectant concentration every day, and implemented standard disinfection time.But only 39.29% changed multi-enzymatic detergent for each endo-scope,cleaning and disinfection personnel in 78.57% of medical institutions wore personal protective equipment correctly.77 digestive endoscopes were detected,the qualified rate was 88.31%.Conclusion Cleaning and disin-fection management of digestive endoscope in secondary and above medical institutions in Suzhou City is generally standardized,there are still some problems in the manipulation procedures,relevant national regulations should be strictly complied with,efficacy of cleaning and disinfection of digestive endoscope should be further improved.

Influence of left anterior descending coronary stenting on left ventricular function / 中国基层医药

Objective To study the effect of left ventricular function in the left anterior descending coronary artery stent implantation.Methods randomly 100 cases of left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis in patients with coronary heart disease branch were divided into the observation group and the control group (each group 50 cases),the control group used mainly drug treatment,the observation group used a implanted stent in the treatment of percutaneous left anterior descending coronary artery.the left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular end systolic diameter(LVESD,left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and serum N terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP) levels were observed between two groups.Results after treatment,6 months,two groups of LVEDD,LVESD and NT-proBNP compared with those before treatment were significantly lower(t =2.75,3.14,3.54,all P ＜0.05),while LVEF increased significantly (t =12.45,P ＜ 0.05);and compared with the control group,LVEDD,LVESD of the observation group decreased significantly,LVEF increased significantly(t =2.27,3.75,2.21,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The left anterior descending coronary artery stent implantation in treatment can effectively improve left ventricular function in patients with coronary heart disease.

Efficacy research of self-made traditional Chinese medicine for hand-foot-mouth disease / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore clinical effect of self-made traditional Chinese medicine for hand-foot-mouth disease.Methods 118 cases with hand-foot-mouth disease were randomly divided into two groups.The control group(n=59)were treated by regular western medicines.On that basis,the study group(n=59)were treated bys elf-made traditional Chinese medicine.And the curative effects of two groups were observed.Results Fever subsidise time of the study group after treatment was(2.0±0.7)d,which was significantly shorter than that of the control group,with P＜0.05.Rash subsidise time of the study group after treatment was(3.9±0.9)d,was significantly shorter than that of the control group,with P＜0.05.Length of hospital stay of the study group after treatment was(3.5±1.3)d,was significantly shorter than that of the control group,with P＜0.05.Total effective rate of the study group after treatment was 94.9％,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(81.4％),with P＜0.05.Conclusion Self-made traditional Chinese medicine for hand-foot-mouth disease has good clinical curative effect,has high security and reliability.

Characteristics and Drug Resistance of Staphylococcus spp Nosocomial Infection in Suzhou Area 2004-2007 / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the infection and drug resistance of Staphylococcus spp from hospitalized cases in Suzhou area.METHODS The data from hospitalized cases of 32 hospitals in Suzhou(from 2004 to 2007) were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS From 2004 to 2007,17 668 cases of nosocomial infection were collected from 32 hospitals in Suzhou area.The infection rate of Staphylococcus aureus was 5.78%,7.11%,8.39% and 7.50%,respectively;the number of meticillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA) infection cases was 66(34.74%),107(33.86%),138(37.00%) and 219(53.16%) respectively and the total number was 530(41.05%).The nosocomial infection caused by S.epidermidis accounted for 5.99%,5.47%,5.35% and 5.25%,respectively from 2004 to 2007.The number of meticillin-resistant S.epidermidis(MRSE) infection cases were 118(59.90%),128(52.67%),119(50.00%) and 134(46.53%) and the total number was 499(51.66%).The main infection site of S.aureus and S.epidermidis was respiratory tract(74.28% and 71.81%,respectively).Antibiotic resistance strains of S.aureus and S.epidermidis was on rising,and most of them were multi-drug resistance strains.All of the strains were sensitive to vancomycin.CONCLUSIONS In Suzhou area,nosocomial infection and drug resistance of Staphylococcus is on the rise.Evevy hospital must take effective measures to control nosocomial infections of Staphylococcus and drug resistance.

Comparative studies of pharmacologic effects between Famotidine, Ranitidine and Cimetidine / 中国药理学通报

Famotidine ( Fam ) antagonized the effects of histamine on guinea pig atria and rat uteri MI vitro non-competitively,however the antagonisms of Ranitidine(Ran) and Cimetidine (Cim ) on hoistamine were competitive, their pA2 were 6. 24, 5. 16 and 4. 08 for guinea pig atria , 8. 26, 7. 22 and 6. 17 for rat uteri respectively. They reduced gastric secretion of acid and pepsin of pylorus ligated rats in dose-related manner, inhibited gastric secretion stimulated byhistamine, prevented the acute gastric lesion from stress, indomethacin and histamine, and enhanced the healing process of chronic gastirc ulcerinduced by acetic acid in rats. Moreover, Fam was much more potent than Ran (6~8 times) and Cim(30 - 40 times). Besides,Cim increased hypnotic effect of phenobartal, but Ran and Fam had no or Ittile such effects.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DRUGS ON THE GENERATION OF ACTIVE OXYGEN IN POLYMORPHONEUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES ( PMN_s ) FROM RATS / 中国药理学通报

By the method of chemiluminescence, it was showed that BW-755C strongly inhibited the generation of active oxygen in PMNs stimulated by f-MLP, A23187 or opsonized zymosan A, while the inhibitory effect of indomethacin was quite weaker, Nifidipine, diltiazem and verapamil inhibited the generation of active oxygen in PMNs stimulated by A23187 at low concentration, but they did not block intracel-lular calcium ion increase stimulated by A23187. PGE1 was shown in to be a selective inhibitor of f-MLP-induced active oxygen production PMNs.

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MECHANISM OF SODIUM GLYCYRRHETINATE / 中国药理学通报

Glycyrrhetic acid is a hydrolytic product of .glycyrrhizin which comes from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. This study showed that its sodium salt, sodium glycyrrhetinate ( SGA, 28mg/kg ip ) inhibited egg white or yeast-induced edema of rat hind paws; Meanwhile, SGA decreased prostaglandin E2 in inflammatory fluid. Malonyldialdehyde in mouse swelling paws stimulated by egg white was decreased by SGA and increased by arachidonic acid. The inhibitory action of SGA on production of malonyldialdehyde c.ould be entirely abolished by arachidonic acid,suggesting that phospholipase A2 bo inhibited by SGA. Also, SGA antagonized the contracting effect of inflammatory mediators such as histamine ( IC50 = 12 ,7mg/ L), 5 -hydroxytrypataminG (IC50=16.1 mg/L ) and SRS-A ( IC5O = 17.0mg/L)on isolated guinea-pig ileum. Because SGA inhibited cro-ton oil-induced ear-swelling of adrenalectomized mice, its anti-inflammatory action has no relationship with hypophysial-adrenocortial axis.

The Anti-histamine Action of Ansodamine (654-2) / 第三军医大学学报

Ansodamine(654-2)can inhibit the contractile response of the isolated ileum and trachea of Guinea-pigs induced with histamine. The cumulative logarithmic dose-response curves of histamine can be parallelly moved to the right. The PA2 values were 6.575 and 4.914 respectively.It is believed that the anti-bistamine action of ansodamine(654-2) seems to be related to the blocking of the Hi-receptors of the muscles.