MW-9, a chalcones derivative bearing heterocyclic moieties, ameliorates ulcerative colitis via regulating MAPK signaling pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the therapeutic effect of the MW-9 on ulcerative colitis(UC)and reveal the underlying mechanism, so as to provide a scientific guidance for the MW-9 treatment of UC. Methods The model of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells was established. The effect of MW-9 on RAW264.7 cells viability was detected by MTT assay. The levels of nitric oxide(NO)in RAW264.7 macrophages were measured by Griess assay. Cell supernatants and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines containing IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β were determined by ELISA kits. Dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced UC model in mice was established and body weight of mice in each group was measured. The histopathological damage degree of colonic tissue was assessed by HE staining. The protein expression of p-p38, p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK was detected by Western blot. Results MW-9 intervention significantly inhibited NO release in RAW264.7 macrophages with IC50 of 20.47 mg·L-1 and decreased the overproduction of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α(P<0.05). MW-9 had no cytotoxicity at the concentrations below 6 mg·L-1. After MW-9 treatment, mouse body weight was gradually reduced, and the serum IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels were significantly down-regulated. Compared with the model group, MW-9 significantly decreased the expression of p-p38 and p-ERK1/2 protein. Conclusions MW-9 has significant anti-inflammatory activities both in vitro and in vivo, and its underlying mechanism for the treatment of UC may be associated with the inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway.

Enzymatic Digestion Method Coupled with Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Forensic Drowning Diatom Detection / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveArtificial intelligence （AI） full smear automated diatom detection technology can perform forensic pathology drowning diatom detection more quickly and efficiently than human experts.However， this technique was only used in conjunction with the strong acid digestion method， which has a low extraction rate of diatoms. In this study， we propose to use the more efficient proteinase K tissue digestion method （hereinafter referred to as enzyme digestion method） as a diatom extraction method to investigate the generalization ability and feasibility of this technique in other diatom extraction methods. MethodsLung tissues from 6 drowned cadavers were collected for proteinase K ablation and made into smears， and the smears were digitized using the digital image matrix cutting method and a diatom and background database was established accordingly.The data set was divided into training set， validation set and test set in the ratio of 3：1：1， and the convolutional neural network （CNN） models were trained， internally validated， and externally tested on the basis of ImageNet pre-training. ResultsThe results showed that the accuracy rate of the external test of the best model was 97.65 %， and the area where the model features were extracted was the area where the diatoms were located. The best CNN model in practice had a precision of more than 80 % for diatom detection of drowned corpses. ConclusionIt is shown that the AI automated diatom detection technique based on CNN model and enzymatic digestion method in combination can efficiently identify diatoms and can be used as an auxiliary method for diatom detection in drowning identification.

Mechanism of Gentisic Acid on Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on miR-19b-3p/RAF1 Axis / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the therapeutic effect of gentisic acid (GA) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on the miR-19b-3p/RAF1 axis.@*METHODS@#The cell counting kit-8 method was used to detect the growth inhibitory effect of different concentrations of GA on MH7A cells, and the drug concentration of GA was determined in the experiment. The quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-19b-3p and RAF1. RAF1, extracellular regulated protein kinases1/2 (ERK1/2) and phospho-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) were examined by Western blotting. Three methods (dual-luciferase assay, qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis) were used to verify miR-19b-3p targeting RAF1. Flow cytometry was performed to detect MH7A cell apoptosis. Transwell and wound healing assays were used to determine the invasion and migration capacities of MH7A cells.@*RESULTS@#The growth of MH7A cells was gradually inhibited with increasing GA concentration. When the GA concentration exceeded 80 mmol/L, GA was significantly cytotoxic to MH7A cells, so the half maximal inhibitory concentration of GA for MH7A cells was calculated as 67.019 mmol/L. GA upregulated miR-19b-3p expression, downregulated RAF1 expression, inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation, induced MH7A cell apoptosis and suppressed MH7A cell invasion and migration (P<0.05 or P<0.01). RAF1 was identified as the target of miR-19b-3p and reversed inhibitory effects on miR-19b-3p expression (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The miR-19b-3p inhibitor upregulated RAF1 expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, suppressed MH7A cell apoptosis and induced MH7A cell invasion and migration (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#GA regulated miR-19b-3p/RAF1 axis to mediate ERK pathway and inhibit the development of RA.

Optimization of the detection method for urine S-phenylmercapturic acid via modified performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry / 中国职业医学

@#Objective - To optimize the extraction and quantification methods for the determination of S phenylmercapturic acid - Methods (SPMA) in urine with performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The urine was hydrolyzed with 50.0% sulfuric acid. The hydrolysate was purified by solid phase extraction column. Purified samples were separated by C18 chromatographic column and detected by tandem mass spectrometry. The isotope labeled SPMA was used as the internal Results - standard. The internal standard curve was used for quantification. The linear range of SPMA was 0.50 50.00 μg/L with the correlation coefficient of 0.999 8. The detection limit and the lower limit of quantification were 0.05 and 0.17 μg/L, - - - - respectively. The recovery rate was 97.0% 102.0%. The within run and between run relative standard deviation were 0.6% 1.0% - and 1.7% 6.5%, respectively. The mass concentration of urinary SPMA in the occupational benzene exposure group was - vs P higher than the non occupational benzene exposure group by this method (median: 2.81 0.28 μg/g creatinine, <0.05). Conclusion Compared to the national standard method, this optimized method of solid phase extraction and internal standard for quantification eliminates the matrix effect. This method is accurate and precise, and is suitable for the determination of SPMA acid in urine.

Electroacupuncture promotes recovery from disuse muscular atrophy through the miR-133a/SIRT1 pathway / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To explore the role of microRNA-133a (miR-133a) and silent mating information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) in the effects of electroacupuncture on persons with disuse muscular atrophy.Methods:Thirty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control group, an experimental control group and an experimental group, each of 10. Disuse muscular atrophy was induced in the mice of the experimental and experimental control groups using tail suspension. The mice in the electroacupuncture group were given 15 minutes of electroacupuncture over the Yanglingquan and Zusanli points every day for 14 days. Wet weight ratio and the cross-sectional area of the gastrocnemius and soleus were tracked, and the structure of the mitochondria in the skeletal muscles was observed using a transmission electron microscope. The protein expressions of SIRT1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1a (PGC-1a), nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT), adenosine 5-monophosphate-activated protein kinase-a (AMPK-a) and phospho-AMPK-a (P-AMPK-a) were detected using western blotting. The expressions of the muscle atrophy F-box (Atrogin-1), muscle ring finger1 (MuRF1), miR-133a, SIRT1, paired box gene 7 (Pax7), myogenic determination (MyoD) and myogenin (MyoG) genes were detected through polymerase chain reactions. The concentration of Niacylamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) and the ratio of NAD+ to reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide were also measured.Results:Compared with the experimental control group, the average wet weight increased by 21% and the cross-sectional area of the soleus increased by 30% in the experimental group. The average wet weight of the gastrocnemius increased by 5% and the area by 17%. The average expressions of Atrogin-1, MuRF1, SIRT1, PGC-1a and NAMPT, the concentration of NAD+ , as well as the average value of P-AMPK-a/AMPK-a and NAD+ /NADH were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the experimental control group, while the average expression of miR-133a in the experimental group was significantly (163%) higher. The average expressions of Pax7 and MyoD were significantly up-regulated in the experimental control group compared with the other two groups, while MyoG was highly expressed in the experimental group compared with the other 2 groups.Conclusions:The SIRT1 pathway is one of the reflexive protective mechanisms that mediate in the natural recovery of skeletal muscles. Electroacupuncture enhances myoblast differentiation, improves energy metabolism in the mitochondria, and thus promotes recovery from disuse muscular atrophy.

The mechanism through which low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) at different intensities on the expression of adiponectin and its receptors in C2C12 myoblasts, and to explore the potential mechanism by which LIPUS promotes the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts.Methods:C2C12 myoblasts cultured in vitro were randomly divided into a control group and U 0.1, U 0.3 and U 0.5 groups. The control group received sham LIPUS exposure, while the U 0.1, U 0.3 and U 0.5 groups were exposed to LIPUS at intensities of 0.1W/cm 2, 0.3W/cm 2 or 0.5W/cm 2 respectively, and 1MHz for 5 min daily for 5 days. Cell viability was measured using CCK-8 assays. Fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions were used to detect the mRNA expression of adiponectin, adiponectin receptor 1 (adipoR1) and T-cadherin in the cells. Western blotting was employed to assess the protein expression of adiponectin, adipoR1, T-cadherin, adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), activated phosphorylated adenylate-activated protein kinase (P-AMPK), embryonic myosin heavy chain (eMHC) and myogenin (MYOG). The differentiation ability of the 4 groups was measured using cell immunofluorescence chemistry. Results:After the intervention the cell viability in the U 0.1, U 0.3 and U 0.5 groups was significantly higher than in the control group. Compared with the control group, the average mRNA expression of adiponectin and the receptors of adipoR1 and T-cadherin were up-regulated significantly in the U 0.3 and U 0.5 groups. The average adiponectin, adipoR1 and T-cadherin protein expressions, and the AMPK phosphorylation level in the U 0.3 and U 0.5 groups had increased significantly compared with the control group, but all were significantly lower than in the U 0.3 group. The average protein expression of eMHC and MYOG, and the C2C12 myoblast fusion indices of the U 0.3 and U 0.5 groups were significantly higher the control group′s averages. Conclusions:LIPUS can promote the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. It is most effective at 0.3W/cm 2, administered for 5min/d at 1MHz with a 20% duty cycle. Its regulatory mechanism may be related to up-regulation of the expression of adiponectin, the adipoR1 and T-cadherin receptors, and the activation of AMPK phosphorylation in C2C12 myoblasts.

Relationship between Postmortem Interval and FTIR Spectroscopy Changes of the Rat Skin / 法医学杂志

Objective To infer postmortem interval （PMI） based on spectral changes of the dorsal skin of rats within 15 days postmortem using Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy. Methods The rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation after anesthesia, and then placed at 25 ℃ and relative humidity of 50%. The FTIR spectral data collected from the dorsal skin at PMI points were modeled with machine learning technique. Results There was no significant difference of absorption peak location among all the PMI groups but their peak intensities changed as a function of PMIs. The model for PMI estimation was constructed using partial least squares （PLS） regression, reaching a R2 of 0.92 and a root mean square error （RMSE） of 1.30 d. As shown in variable importance for projection （VIP）, four spectral bands including 1 760-1 700 cm-1, 1 660-1 640 cm-1, 1 580-1 540 cm-1 and 1 460-1 420 cm-1 were determined as important contributions to model prediction. Conclusion Application of the FTIR technique to detect postmortem spectral changes of the rat skin provides a novel proposal for PMI estimation.

Optimization of medical educational objectives by improving summative assessment system / 生理学报

Summative assessment plays a decisive role in the educational assessment system, which is a yardstick to measure the cultivating goal of higher education. The rapid progress of modern society has put forward higher standard for higher medical education. Traditional summative assessment system with single dimension that focuses on evaluating the student's learning outcome via a standardized examination cannot meet the higher requirements for undergraduate medical education. We have improved the summative assessment system by optimizing the assessment content, criteria and method, as well as teachers' assessment skills and students' evaluation. The reform greatly increases the teaching quality and learning effect in our university.

Synthesis, activity determination of tropane compounds as muscarinic M3 receptor antagonists and quantitative relationship between their molecular structure and activity / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To provide theoretical guidance for the design of molecules with high activity by building the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model for tropane compounds as muscarinic M3 receptor antagonists. Methods · Six compounds (J1-J6) were prepared with3α-hydroxy-tropane (J0) as the starting material by modifying the structure in C-3α position of the tropane skeleton. The antagonistic activity of new tropane compounds to muscarinic M3 receptors on tracheal rings of guinea pigs was evaluated by functional assays in vitro. The antagonistic parameters (pA2) of new tropane compounds prepared in this paper and former studies were applied to construct the QSAR model. The information about structural optimization was acquired by analyzing the effect of steric field and electrostatic field of model on activity of tropane compounds. Results · The six new tropane compounds showed obvious antagonistic activity against M3 receptors. Among them, J4 had the greatest activity (pA2=7.992). The cross-validation correlation coefficient squared (q2) and the non-cross-validated correlation coefficient squared (r2) of the QSAR model were 0.585 and 0.993, respectively.Conclusion · The antagonistic activity to muscarinic M3 receptors can be obviously improved, when the conjugating extent of π-bonds is large and O or N atoms participate in conjugation on the rings in the R-substituting group at C-3α position of the compounds.

Expression of NOD2 and NLRP3 in the articular cartilage of a rabbit model of osteoarthritis established by arthrorisis using plaster cast / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor plays an important role against inflammatory responses caused by pathogens and non-pathogens, as well as in the initial stage of autoimmune response. Meanwhile, NOD2 and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) are the representative proteins of NOD-like receptor family. OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression of NOD2 and NLRP3 in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis. METHODS: Thirty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into six groups (n=5 per group), including five experimental groups (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks) and one control group. The model of osteoarthritis was established by fixing the left knee joints using plaster cast, and were sacrificed at postoperative 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks. The controls received no intervention, and were killed at 10 weeks postoperatively. The left distal femur articular cartilage was taken for safranin-fast green staining. The pathological changes were evaluated by Mankin's scores, and the expression levels of NOD2 and NLRP3 were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The Mankin's scores in the experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.01). Moreover, the scores in the experimental groups were significantly increased with time (P < 0.01). The expression levels of NOD2 and NLRP3 in the chondrocytes were also increased with time (P < 0.01). These results indicate that the expresison of NOD2 and NLRP3 in the cartilage cells is positively correlated with the pathological changes of osteoarthritis, which may be through promoting apoptosis in cartilage cells, thus accelerating the development of osteoarthritis.

Expression Level of S100A6 mRNA in MM and Its Clinical Significance / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression level of S100A6 mRNA in MM and to its clinical significance, and to evaluate its significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression level of S100A6 mRNA in MM patients was determined by real time quantitative PCR(RQ-PCR), and its relationship with the clinical features and outcomes of patients was analyzed by statistic method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>S100A6 mRNA was detected in 20 MM patients. Compared with normal persons, the S100A6 mRNA expression in MM patients was higher. In different groups, the S100A6 mRNA expression in MM patients of 3 stages was higer than that in patients of 1 and 2 stages. MM patients with higher S100A6 mRNA expression had poor prognosis and higer extramedullary metastasis rate.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The high expression of S100A6 mRNA is associated with poor prognosis and may be a prognostic molecular marker of MM.</p>

Expression of caspase-3 and HAX-1 after cerebral contusion in rat / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the expression pattern of caspase-3 and HCLS1-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1) at different time after cerebral contusion in rat, and explore the new method for estimating the injury interval.@*METHODS@#The cerebral contusion model was established using adult SD male rats. Then the rats were randomly allocated into 8 groups: 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, and 7 d after cerebral contusion, sham-operation and normal control. Expression of caspase-3 and HAX-1 protein after cerebral contusion in rat was detected by Western blotting. Laser scanning confocal microscope was used to observe the number of HAX-1 positive cells and TUNEL-stained cells after cerebral contusion.@*RESULTS@#The expression of caspase-3 increased parallelly with the time after cerebral contusion and reached the peak value on 3 d. The expression of caspase-3 decreased gradually and still maintained a high level expression on 7 d (P < 0.05). The expression of HAX-1 positive cell went up after injury, and reached the peak value at 6 h (P < 0.05), then turned down gradually after 12 h and went out of detection after 3 d. The number of TUNEL-stained cells increased obviously at 2 h and reached the peak value on 3 d. The number of TUNEL-stained apoptotic cells decreased gradually and still maintained a high level expression on 7 d (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The expression of caspase-3 and HAX-1 after cerebral contusion has time sequential regularity, which may provide new evidence for forensic diagnosis of cerebral contusion interval.

Myeloid/natural killer cell acute leukemia resembling acute promyelocytic leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

In order to improve the recognition of myeloid/natural killer cell acute leukemia and to reduce misdiagnosis, one case of myeloid/natural killer cell acute leukemia resembling acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL) was reported and the related articles published were reviewed. A series of clinical tests, the morphologic and immunophenotypic analysis of leukemia cells, cytogenetic and molecular biological examinations were performed. The results indicated that the patient had anemia, thrombocytopenia and leucocytosis, but no evidence of lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. The morphology of leukemia cells was similar to that of abnormal promyelocytic cells, especially the variant of M3 (M3v) leukemia cells. The leukemia cells expressed CD117, CD33, CD15, CD56 and cMPO, but did not express CD34, HLA-DR, CD13 and CD16. Abnormal cytogenetics with del (7) (q22q32) was found. Neither t(15;17) nor PML/RARα gene rearrangement was detected. The patient failed to show a differentiation-induction response to all-trans retinoic acid(ATRA). In conclusion, the myeloid/natural killer cell leukemia is extremely rare. It is very important to distinguish the disorder from APL/M3v. The patient with myeloid/natural kill cell acute leukemia should be treated with chemotherapy as acute myeloid leukemia.

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with large granular lymphocytosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

To improve the recognition of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and to reduce misdiagnosis, a case diagnosed as AITL with large granular lymphocytosis was reported and the related articles were reviewed. A series of clinical tests, pathologic examination and immunohistochemical test, TCR gene rearrangement detection by multiple PCR and assay of lymphocyte immunophenotypes were carried out. The results indicated that the patient was characterized by fever, skin rash, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, pleural effusion, ascites, anemia and thrombocytopenia, increase of circulating large granular lymphocytes with CD3(-) and CD16(+), CD56(+) were detected, T-cell receptor γ-chain gene was rearranged. More large granular lymphocytes with abnormal mitosis were found in ascites. The histological and immunohistochemical changes observed by the lymph node biopsy were compatible with AITL, some cells of which were CD56-positive. In conclusion, AITL is characterized by aggressive progress and generally occurs in elderly patients, its clinical prognosis is poor, the large granular lymphocytosis may be an autoimmune response to the tumor cells or originate from tumor stem/progenitor cells.

Treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis through posterolateral fusion and fixation with pedicle screws / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore internal fixation whether can improve the clinical outcomes of decompression and posterolateral fusion in patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From December 1998 to December 2005, 49 patients who had degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis underwent decompression and posterolateral fusion without (group A, 21 cases) or with (group B, 28 cases) internal fixation (CD HORIZON M8 system). There were 12 males and 37 females with a mean age of 58.5 years (range, from 49 to 68 years). Among them,32 cases were grade I and 17 were grade II according to Meyerding grade system. All patients were followed up with an average of 58 months (range from 12 to 90 months). The pain of low back and leg (VAS scoring), spinal active function and neurologic function were evaluated according the assessment system of Yuan.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The VAS score of low back in group A and B were respectively 41.9 +/- 7.5 and 32.8 +/- 6.2 at follow-up; and VAS score of leg in group A and B were respectively 33.9 +/- 7.3 and 30.8 +/- 6.2. Spinal active function of patients, 15 cases obtained improvement, 6 cases aggravation or no improvement in group A; 25 cases obtained improvement, 3 cases aggravation or no improvement in group B. Neurologic function of patients, 15 cases obtained improvement, 6 cases aggravation or no improvement in group A; 26 cases obtained improvement, 2 cases aggravation or no improvement in group B. The group B was better than group A in the aspect of low back pain, spine active function and neurologic function (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in improvement of leg pain between two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Using internal fixation in decompression and posterolateral fusion for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis can improve low back pain and clinical function. Decompression is necessary for the surgical treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis, which is major effect on the improvement of leg pain.</p>

Time-order expression of caspase-3 and iNOS in contused human brain tissue / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression of caspase-3 and iNOS in different intervals and to provide evidence for estimation of injury intervals after brain contusion in human.@*METHODS@#Thirty cases died of serious brain injury were included into the injury groups and 5 cases died of non-brain injury were served as control group. To analyze the changes of caspase-3 and iNOS expression in brain samples at different intervals (2h, 4-8h, 10-14h, 1-2d, 3-5d, 8-11d) by immunohistochemistry and auto-image analysis system.@*RESULTS@#The level of caspase-3 expression started to increase in 2 hours after brain contusion compared to the control group (P<0.05). The level of caspase-3 expression continued to increase in 1-2 days and maintained high level in 3-5 days compared to the control group (P<0.05), then decreased gradually. There was no statistically significant difference between the expression level of iNOS in 2 hours with the control group (P>0.05). But the expression level of iNOS began to increase in 4-8 hours after brain contusion and reached its maximum in 1-2 days, then decreased. Weak expression of iNOS still could be detected in 8-11 days.@*CONCLUSION@#The expression of caspase-3 and iNOS can be used as effective evidence for human brain contusion interval.

Cloning, sequence analysis and expression in E. coli of the group 3 allergen of Dermatophagoides farinae / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The dust mites, which are mostly represented by Dermatophagoides spp. (Acari: Pyroglyphidae), are the major sources of indoor allergens. Identification and characterization of these mite allergen molecules are an important step in the development of new effective diagnostic procedures and possible therapeutic strategies for allergic disorders associated with dust mites.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Total RNA was extracted from Dermatophagoides farinae. The gene coding for Der f 3 was amplified by RT-PCR with the primers designed based on previous sequence published in GenBank. The target gene was cloned intermediately into pMD19-T plasmid and finally into plasmid pET28a (+), expressed in E. coli BL21 at the aid of the inducer isopropyl-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The physicochemical properties, spatial structure of the allergen were analyzed with bioinformatics software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cDNA coding for group 3 allergen of Dermatophagoides farinae from China was cloned and expressed successfully. Sequencing analysis showed that there were nineteen mismatched nucleotides in five Der f 3 cDNA clones in comparison with the reference (GenBank Accession No. AY283291), which resulted in deduced amino acid sequence incompatibility in eleven residues. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the Der f 3 pro-protein was an extracellular hydrophobic protein, consisting of 259 amino acids with a 16 amino acid signal peptide. The protein was deduced to have three chymotrypsin active sites (53-68 AA, 108-122 AA and 205-217 AA), one N-glycosylation site, one cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation site, four protein kinase C phosphorylation sites, two casein kinase II phosphorylation sites, and five N-myristoylation sites.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Der f 3 is an extracellular hydrophobic protein which possesses multiple activation and phosphorylation sites. Polymorphism may exist in the Der f 3 gene but this needs to be further confirmed in the future.</p>

The diagnosis and treatment of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the experience of diagnosis and treatment in solid-pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas (SPT).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Retrospectively analyzed 12 cases of SPT diagnosed between 2000 August and 2004 February in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average age of these 12 cases was 29.1, including 11 women and 1 men. The tumors of 6 cases were located in the pancreatic head, one tumor was in the neck of pancreas and 5 tumors were in the body and tail of pancreas. There were no characteristic clinical manifestations. Solid and solid-cystic masses of low echo were found in pancreas in ultrasonic examinations. CT scan found masses of low density in pancreas, while irregular enhancement appeared in the circumference of all tumors in enhanced CT scan sequences. Tumor markers in patients' serum were all negative. Pancreaticoduodenectomy were performed in 2 cases. Resection of tumors and pancreaticojejunostomy were performed in 3 cases. Simple resection of tumor was performed in 1 case. Segmental pancreatectomy and pancreaticojejunostomy was performed in one patient. Five patients underwent distal pancreatectomy and spleen resection. Ten patients were followed up with the average time of 14.3 months. No evidence of relapses and metastasis in these cases was found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Solid-pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas was one of rare pancreatic neoplasm with low malignant potential, affecting primarily young women. Complete resection resulted in long-term survival.</p>

Evaluation and selection of different procedures in the treatment of pancreatic pseudocyst / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of different procedures in the treatment of pancreatic pseudocyst.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>This retrospective review analyzed the outcome of 114 patients with pancreatic pseudocysts managed in PUMC Hospital from January 1990 to March 2002.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There were 25 patients without intervention, the spontaneous resolution of pseudocysts occurred in 23 of these patients during follow up. Twenty-nine cases underwent CT-guided percutaneous catheter drainage; the effective rate of therapy was 67.85%. Surgical procedures performed in 60 cases and the overall mortality was 5% (3/60). The procedures included external drainage (8 cases) with 1 death (12.5%), excision (13 cases), cyst-duodenostomy (1 cases), cyst-gastrostomy (19 cases) with 7 postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding (36.8%) and 1 death (5.26%), Roux-en-Y cyst-jejunostomy (19 cases) with 3 postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding (15.8%) and 1 death (5.26%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CT-guided percutaneous catheter drainage has the advantage of minimal invasive and simple technique; it can be as an effective substitute method of traditional open external drainage. Although minimally invasive techniques offer a variety of treatment options, surgical procedures are still indicated for significant number of patients. The incidence of postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding in cyst-gastrostomy was higher than those patients with Roux-en-Y cyst-jejunostomy, but most of them were not difficult to treatment, so cyst-gastrostomy is still a simple and reasonable procedure for selected patients. Excision is a correct choice for cases in which pseudocysts cannot be differentiated from neoplastic cysts.</p>

Study on the characteristics of inheritance and epidemiology in one pedigree with gallstone disease / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the characteristics of inheritance and epidemiology of gallstone disease in one pedigree.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A gallbladder disease-specific questionnaire was administered to all family members to ascertain histories of cholecystectomy and other medical conditions as well as anthropometrical data. Laboratory examination and ultrasonography were performed to determine the existence of gallstone.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One hundred and thirteen members of four generations in the index family were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of gallstone in females (34.48%) was higher than in males (23.64%) but with no significant difference. The prevalence in the second and third generations (52%) was higher than in others (20%) (P < 0.05). The heritability and standard error showed as 86.38% +/- 46.46% in I generations. Body mass index, histories of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and blood glucose were positively related to gallstone disease (P = 0.012, < 0.01, 0.017, 0.043, respectively) in this family. Gallstone disease was not significantly related to history of diabetes, daily alcohol or diet habit. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were not correlated with gallstone disease.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Gallstone disease presented aggregation in the family and was in accordance with the characteristics of autosomal dominant inheritance. Being female, obesity, hypertension and history of hyperlipidemia might serve as risk factors to this family.</p>