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Since January 2020, as ophthalmologists working at the center of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China, we found 3 cases in 30 COVID-19 patients with binocular conjunctivitis.Of them, one case visited for conjunctivitis as a first symptom and then diagnosed as COVID-19 three days later, and two cases visited for binocular conjunctivitis during the COVID-19 onset.In 3 patients, conjunctivitis was manifested as signs of viral conjunctivitis from mild to moderate.The symptoms of two patients disappeared after treatment of antiviral eyedrops for 7 to 10 days and another patient died of COVID-19.Interestingly, although we detected positive viral nucleic acid in the conjunctiva sacs of 2 of other 27 COVID-19 patients by using swabs and RT-PCR technology, no conjunctivitis occurred in these two patients.
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Since January 2020, as ophthalmologists working at the center of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) outbreak in Wuhan, China, we found 3 cases in 30 NCP patients with binocular conjunctivitis. Of them, one case visited for conjunctivitis as a first symptom and then diagnosed as NCP, and two cases visited for binocular conjunctivitis during the NCP onset. In 3 patients, conjunctivitis was manifested as signs of viral conjunctivitis from mild to moderate. Their symptoms of two patients disappeared after treatment with antiviral eyedrops for 7 to 10 days and another patient died of NCP. Interestingly,although we detected positive viral nucleic acid in the conjunctiva sacs of 2 of other 27 NCP patients by using swabs and RT-PCR technology, no conjunctivitis occurred in these two patients.
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Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the protective effect of probucol on oxidative stress injury in rats with ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)and its mechanism. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly di-vided into sham operation group(S group),ischemia-reperfusion group(IR group),and probucol treatment group(probucol+IR group,P+IR group).Rats in the S and IR groups were fed with warm water every day,and rats in P+IR group were treated with probucol.After 1 week,rat model of renal ischemia and reperfusion was established.Right kidneys of the rats were re-moved.In IR and P+ IR groups,the left renal artery was clamped with a non-invasive artery clamp,and after 30 minutes the blood vessels restored patency by loosening the clamp.After reperfusion,the S and IR groups were perfused with warm water every day,and the P+IR group was treated with probucol for 1 week.After 1 week,all the rats were sacrificed and the blood and kidney tissue specimens were taken.The blood biochemical indexes of the rats were measured,and the pathological changes of the kidneys were observed.Results The levels of blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(SCr)and blood lipids in P+ IR group were significantly lower than those in IR group(all P<0.05);in P+IR group,the level of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in serum and renal tissue was increased significantly(all P<0.05),meanwhile,the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA)were significantly decreased (P<0.05).In P+IR group,the pathological damage of kidney tissue was reduced,and renal index was significantly improved(P<0.05).Conclusion Probucol can increase the activity of SOD in blood and kidney of rats with IRI,improve renal function,reduce the level of blood lipids,reduce the pathological injury of renal tissue,and play a role in renal protection.
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To evaluate the efficacy of heparin combined with low molecular heparin against early thrombosis in chronic patients after native arteriovenous fistula ( AVF) . Methods: A total of 299 patients were enrolled in the study from January 2012 to December 2014 and randomly divided into two groups. The control group received 5000IU low molecular heparin after the operation for 7 days and the trial group received 3 000u heparin additionally through free arterial end and venous terminal during the operation. The thrombosis formation rate and adverse drug reactions ( ADR ) of one week and 4 weeks after the operation were observed in the two groups. Results:One week after the operation, the thrombosis formation rate in the control group and the trial group was 3. 4% and 0, respectively, and four week after the operation, that was 4. 8% and 0. 67%, respectively. The incidence of ADR showed no statistical-ly difference between the two groups (P>0. 05), and no severe ADR appeared in both groups. Conclusion:Heparin combined with low molecular heparin may be more effective and safer in the prevention of primary thrombosis in the patients after AVF.
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Objective To investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of the scavenger receptor CD36 in high glucose-induced rat glomerular mesangial cells apoptosis.Methods The mesangial cells of rats were divided into 4 groups:control group (5.6 mmol/L glucose),mannitol group (24.2 mmol/L mannitol+5.6 mmo]/L glucose),high glucose group (30 mmol/L glucose),CD36 monoantibody group (30 mmol/L glucose+CD36 mono-antibody).The intracellular ROS level was detected by confocal microscopy with fluorescent probe CM-H2DCFDA.MDA,GSH-PX,8-OHDGA in cell supernatant were detected.Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry followed by Annexin V-FITC/PI double stains.The expression of CD36,Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting.Results The expression of CD36 was detected in glomerular mesangial cells.The highest level was found in high glucose group in 24 hours.There was no significant difference found between control group and mannitol group with respect to intracellular ROS generation,MDA,8-OHDG,GSH-PX level,apoptosis rate,expression of CD36,Bax and Bcl-2 (all P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the expression of CD36 between CD36 mono-antibody group and high glucose group (P ＞ 0.05).Compared to control group,the intracellular ROS generation,MDA and 8-OHDG levels,apoptosis rate,the expression of CD36 and Bax were significantly increased,the GSH-PX level and the expression of Bcl-2 were significantly lower in high glucose group (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared to the high glucose group,the intracellular ROS generation,MDA and 8-OHDG levels,apoptosis rate,the expression of Bax were suppressed but the GSH-PX level and the expression of Bcl-2 increased in CD36 mono-antibody group (all P ＜ 0.05).The intracellular ROS level was positively correlated with apoptosis rate,protein expression of CD36 and Bax gene,was negatively correlated with Bcl-2 protein expression.Conclusions CD36 was involved in the high glucose induced apoptosis of mesangial cells which was potentially mediated by an increased level of oxidative stress.
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Objective To investigate the effect of quality control circle on curative compliance in patients with chronic renal disease(CRD).Method One hundred CRD patients received health education by quality control circle.The curative compliance before using quality control circle was compared to that after using it.Results The rate of curative compliance after applying quality control circle(98.0%)was significantly higher that before(61.0%).Conclusion The qualty control circle can improve curative compliance of CRD patients.
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Objective To investigate the HBV reactivation status and clinic outcomes in the renal allograft recipients with inactive HBsAg carriers,and explore the preventive measures.Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical manifestation was processed in 88 cases of inactive HBsAg carriers before and after renal transplantation.Preoperative liver function in all cases was normal and serum HBsAg positive,HBV DNA＜106 copies/L.Tacrolimus (or cyclosporine A) + mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) + prednisone were given in prevention of rejection after transplantation.In 88 cases,56 cases were given nucleoside analogues (acid) for prophylactic antiviral therapy,in which 31 cases were given lamivudine (LAM) (LAM group),25 cases were given entecavir (ETV) (ETV group) ; The rest 32 cases were not given prophylactic antiviral therapy,only receiving routine liver-protecting therapy (inosine,glucurolactone) (control group).Incidence of HBV re-activation,liver function,response to treatment and the pathological changes of hepatic tissue were observed.Results During the follow-up period,the incidence of HBV reactivation in LAM group and ETV group was 45.2％ and 28.0％ respectively,significantly lower than in control group (84.4％,P＜ 0.05).In prophylactic treatment groups,HBV reactivation occurred later,liver function damage was milder,and HBV DNA load peak was lower (P＜0.05).In LAM group,HBV reactivation occurred in 14 cases,including 10 cases occurred during administration of LAM,and ETV treatment was given for about 2 months,serum HBV DNA levels in 7 cases were under detection line;in the rest 4 cases,HBV reactivation occurred in patients with treatment less than 1 year and noncompliance,who withdrew medicine blindly.After the original scheme of antiviral therapy was done,serum HBV DNA levels in 3 cases were under detection line,and the effect was not obvious in one case.In control group,HBV reactivation occurred in 27 cases.Fourteen cases therefore accepted nucleoside (acid) analogs antiviral therapy,and HBV DNA levels in 10 cases were under detection line.Histological examination revealed the liver with fibrotic cholestatic hepatitis changes in 9 patients,including 8 cases in control group,and 1 case in LAM group due to blind withdrawal of medicine.Conclus(i)on LAM and ETV prophylactic use may decrease the HBV reactivation rate in inactive HBsAg carriers after renal transplantation,reduce the severity of liver damage and the occurrence of fibrotic cholestatic hepatitis.
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Objective To analyze the clinical characteristic of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in patients with severe viral hepatitis, and explore its clinical classification and significance. Methods A retrospective research of 120 cases of SBP associated with severe viral hepatitis was performed, and main clinical symptoms and physical signs appeared at the early onset were classified and explored. Results Clinical manifestations of SBP in patients with severe viral hepatitis included 5 types, which were conventional type(41.7%, 50/120), symptomless type(15.8%, 19/120), hepatic coma type(13.3%, 16/120), refractory aacites type (17.5%, 21/120), and shock type (11.7%, 14/120). The germieuhure positive rate of SBP with hepatic coma type and shock type were relatively high, and the survival rate of these patients were low. Conclusions Clinical manifestations of SBP in patients with severe viral hepatitis may be atypical, and its classification help to enhancing the understanding and early diagnosis of SBP, and decreasing missed diagnosis. The prognosis of SBP in patients with hepatic coma type and shock type was poor, and then it must be taken high into account more than ever before in the clinical practice.
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Objective To observe expressions of ?-smooth muscle actin(?-SMA) and collagen type Ⅰ,Ⅲ deposition in the liver tissues, and to evaluate potential mechanism of fibrosis in patients with fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis (FCH) by collagen synthesis. Method Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expressions of ?-SMA and contents of type Ⅰ,Ⅲ collagen proteins, which were from the specimens of the biopsy liver in 9 cases with FCH associated with hepatitis virus B (HBV) developed following renal transplantation and in 5 cases without liver disease(control group), respectively. Results The expressions of ?-SMA and type Ⅰ,Ⅲ collagen proteins in the patients with FCH were significantly higher than those in the control group. The expression and distribution pattern of ?-SMA and type Ⅰ,Ⅲ collagen proteins were almost identical, and quantitative analysis showed a positive correlation (P
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Objective To observe the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 1(MMP1) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase1(TIMP1) and the collagen type Ⅰ,Ⅲ deposition in the liver tissues,and evaluate the possible fibrosis mechanism of patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB) in the way of degradation of collagen. Methods The specimens of the biopsy liver in 50 cases with CHB were detected for the expressions of type Ⅰ,Ⅲ collagen proteins,MMP1 and TIMP1 by immunohistochemical staining. Results The expressions of type Ⅰ,Ⅲ collagen proteins and TIMP1,were significantly increased along with the advancing of hepatic fibrosis.There was a positive correlation between the expressions of type Ⅰ,Ⅲ collagen proteins and TIMP1. Conclusions Hepatic fibrosis in the patients with CHB may be related to increase of TIMP1 expression that inhibit the degradation of collagen.
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Objectives To evaluate the relationship between the expression of B7-1 in liver tissue and the effect of interferon-alpha(?-IFN) treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Methods The expression of B7-1 in liver biopsy specimens from 68 CHB patients was studied with immunohistochemistry before ?-IFN treatment.Results B7-1 was expressed in 45(66 2%) liver tissues among 68 patients with CHB,but none in 5 normal controls.The total response ratio of ?-IFN in patients with B7-1 positive was 66 7%(30/45),which was significantly higher than 39 1%(9/23)in the patients with B7-1 negative (? 2=7 20,P
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Objective To explore the effect of preventive antibacterial treatment on spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in the patients with severe hepatitis. Methods 120 cases of the patients with severe hepatitis were divided into two groups randomly. The patients in group A (n=62) received preventive antibacterial treatment except therapy for protecting liver. The patients in group B (n=58) only received therapy for protecting liver and served as control. Results In the group A and group B, the SBP frequency was 27.4% (17/62) and 44.8%(26/58) respectively (? 2=3.95,P
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Objective To explore the relationship between plasma prothrombin activity (PTA) and histopathological lesion of the liver in patients with viral hepatitis. Methods A retrospective review of plasma PTA level and hepatohistological grading was performed in 234 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 54 patients with severe hepatitis diagnosed both clinically and pathologically. Results PTA level was obviously negatively correlated with the hepatohistological Ishak score (P
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OBJECTIVE To investigate clinical characteristics of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP) in patients with severe type of viral hepatitis.METHODS A retrospective review of 120 cases of SBP associated with severe type of viral hepatitis was performed.RESULTS Clinical manifestations were as follows:fever 85.0%,abdominal tenderness 51.6%. 63.3% of the total white blood cells count in the ascitic fluid under 0.5×109／L,85.0% of polymorphonuclear cell ratio above 0.50.The positive culture of the ascitic fluid 24.2%,whereas 42.9% of the isolated microorganisms were Escherichia coli.CONCLUSIONS Clinical manifestations in SBP may be non-specific or absent.The total white blood cells count in the ascitic fluid are often under criteria for diagnosis.E.coli was the most common culture isolate.PMN ratio is the reliable parameter for the diagnosis of SBP.
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Objectives To evaluate the relationship between the expression of B7-1 in liver tissue and the effect of interferon- alpha(α- IFN) treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Methods The expression of B7 -1in liver biopsy specimens from 68 CHB patients was studied with immunohistochemistry before α-IFN treatment.Results B7-1 was expressed in 45(66.2%) liver tissues among 68 patients with CHB,but none in 5 normal controls.The total response ratio of α- IFN in patients with B7-1 positive was 66.7%(30/45),which was significantly higherthan 39.1%(9/23)in the patients with B7-1 negative(x2 =7.20,P <0.01).B7-1 expression was closely corelat-ed with the histological activity grade(HAI) and serum alanine transaminase(ALT) level.Conclusions The level of B7-1 expression in liver tissue may be regarded as an effective parameter for predicting α-IFN response in patients with CHB.