RESUMO
The microbiota plays an important role in the biological functions of the human body and is associated with various disease states such as inflammation (gastritis, hepatitis) and cancer (stomach, cervical, liver). The Human Microbiome Project painted a panorama of human microorganisms in its first phase, incorporating body parts such as the nasal cavity, oral cavity, intestine, vagina and skin, while the lungs were considered a sterile environment. However, studies in recent years have confirmed the presence of a rich microbial community in the lung, and the association of this lung microbiota with lung disease has become a hot topic of research. Current research has found that patients with lung cancer have a specific microbiota compared to healthy individuals or patients with lung disease. Even in patients with lung cancer, a lung microbiota specific to the tumor site is present. In addition, different pathological types and metastatic status of lung cancer can lead to differences in microbiota. Mechanistic studies have found that the lung microbiota may influence lung cancer development by affecting the immune response. Clinical studies on lung microbiota and immunotherapy are still in the preliminary stage. More relevant studies are needed in the future to provide high-quality evidence to further understand the oncogenic mechanisms of lung microbiota and provide new ideas for clinical treatment. This paper briefly reviews the progress of lung microbiota research in terms of its relevance to lung cancer, possible molecular mechanisms and applications in clinical treatment, and provides an outlook for future research. .