RESUMO
The acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes are common myeloid neoplasms for which allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is one of the main curative therapies. In high-risk patients, the relapse rate can be more than 40%, and patients with post-transplantation relapses have a very poor prognosis, so preventing relapse after transplantation is crucial. The maintenance therapy is a group of interventions to prevent relapse when morphological, molecular biological and cytogenetic results are constantly negative after transplantation. Currently, the commonly used maintenance therapy is the application of demethylating drugs, targeted drugs, etc., but their necessity, medicine plan, adverse effects, multi-drug combinations, and other aspects need to be studied urgently. This article will systematically describe the progress of post-transplantation maintenance therapy for high-risk myeloid neoplasms based on drug classification.