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Objective To explore the influence of the iodine disinfection on nasal bacterial colonization through the transsphenoidal approach. Methods Totally 133 pituitary adenoma patients who underwent transsphenoidal surgery in our department from January to August 2017 were enrolled in this study. Before disinfection,pharyngeal swabs of inferior turbinate root secretions were taken for bacterial culture. After iodine disinfection,pharyngeal swabs were taken again at the same site. Changes in the nasal bacterial spectrum before and after disinfection were compared. Patients were followed up for three months after the surgery,during which any intracranial infection/bacteraemia was recorded,and its correlation with nasal bacteria colonization was analyzed. Results Nasal bacterial colonization was detected in 45 (33.8%) of 133 patients before iodine disinfection and in only 6 cases (4.5%) after iodine disinfection (χ=34.5,P=0.000). Thus,iodine disinfection eliminated 86.7%(39/45) of the colonized bacteria. The most common nasal bacterium was Staphylococcus aureus (24.4%,11/45),followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (24.4%,11/45),and Staphylococcus epidermidis (13.3%,6/45). One patient had high fever and chills 2 days after surgery,but blood culture and cerebrospinal fluid culture showed negative Results . After the administration of third-generation cephalosporins,the symptoms disappeared after two days. Conclusion sThere are colonized bacteria in nasal cavity. Iodine disinfection of nasal cavity can effectively clear most of the nasal bacteria. The possibility of intracranial infection/bacteremia after transsphenoidal approach is low.
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@#Objective To compare and evaluate the efficacy of three operating procedures to produce permanent rat models of cerebral ischemia, including mortality, neurological evaluation score, infarction volume of ischemia and time consumed in the operation. Methods The rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1: The common carotid artery (CCA) and external carotid artery (ECA) were ligated during the operation and ICA was clipped temporarily by artery clamp. Group 2: The CCA and ECA were ligated and the superior thyroid artery and pterygopalatine artery were exposed but not ligated. Silk suture was utilized to hang the internal carotid artery (ICA). Plastic suture was inserted into ICA and stepped over the initiation point of pterygopalatine artery under microscopic observation. Group 3: The CCA and ECA were ligated and ICA was hanged with a silk suture, and the pterygopalatine artery was not exposed, but during the period of inserting plastic suture, the proximal part of the suture was pressed to make the suture's round distal end elevated, and then pass the initial point of pterygopalatine artery. Mortality, neurological score, volume of ischemic infarction and operation time consumed of the three groups were compared after the operation. Results The procedure to prepare the model was most efficient in the group 3, taking only 17.5 min to complete, significantly less than that in the group 1 (50 min) and group 2 (40 min), (P<0.05), and with a lower mortality and more steady neurological evaluation score and infarction volume. Conclusion The use of the third operating method can shorten the operation time and improve the efficacy of operation. Using this method, more consistent and repetitive focal cerebral ischemia models can be produced effectively, and meet the demands of clinical trials.
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The current therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke are more limited. In the field of cell therapy, a series of basic and clinical research have suggested that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have therapeutic effect on ischemic stroke. This article mainly reviews the biological characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and the latest progresses in research on the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Objective To study whether mannitol renal injury can be prevented by administering small dose dopamine without withdrawing mannitol.Methods Thirty adult rabbits were divided into three groups at random: control group(normal saline,NS),non-prevented group [20% mannitol 2g/kg+NS 4.6g/(kg?min),twice a day];prevented group(20% mannitol 2g/kg+dopamine 4.6g/kg min,twice a day).The changes of Bun,Cr,Na+ and K+ were observed.After the experiment the nephridial tissues were made into histological sections,the pathological changes were observed through microscope.Results The contents of Bun and Cr in blood of the non-prevented group were obviously elevated since day 8 and the difference was significant compared to the control group;the contents of Bun and Cr in the prevented group exceeded significantly those in the control group since day 9 between the non-prevented group and the prevented group.There was no significant difference before day 10.Since day 10,the difference became significant.No abnormality was found in the histological section of the control group.Both the renal tubular epithelial cells of the prevented group and non-prevented group were swollen and the renal tubular luminas were confined;however,the pathological changes in the non-prevented group were more severe than those in the prevented group.Conclusion It is effective to administer small-dose dopamine early to protect renal function.