RESUMO
Objective@#To analyze the correlation between circumcision and incidence and clearance of male genital HPV infection.@*Methods@#From May to July 2014, 18-55 year old men who had sexual behavior history were recruited from the general population in Liuzhou, Guangxi to set up a cohort. Totally, 113 circumcised and 560 uncircumcised men were enrolled and interviewed using a questionnaire (including information on demographic characteristics and sexual behaviors), then they were followed-up with 6-month interval for 2 times. On each visit, specimens of male external genitalia were collected and genotyped for HPV DNA. The differences of incidence and clearance of genital HPV infections between circumcised and uncircumcised men were analyzed by Log-rank test. Cox regression was used to analyze the relationship between circumcision and incidence and clearance of HPV infection.@*Results@#The median age (P25, P75) of circumcised and uncircumcised men were 28 (24, 35) and 32 (24, 31), respectively. The incidences of any HPV infections were 9.1 (95%CI: 2.4-15.7) and 8.4 (95% CI: 5.6-11.2) per 1 000 person-months (χ2=0.10, P=0.758), respectively. The clearance of circumcised men [136.3 (95%CI: 70.0-202.7) per 1 000 person-months] was higher than that in uncircumcised men [89.6 (95%CI: 65.9-113.3) per 1 000 person-months] (χ2=8.19, P=0.004). In multivariate COX regression analysis, compared with uncircumcised men, circumcised men had higher possibility to clear any HPV infections (HR: 2.41, 95%CI: 1.30-4.46). Compared with men having one sexual partner, people having more than 4 sexual partners had lower possibility to clear any HPV infections (HR: 0.49, 95%CI: 0.25-0.96). Compared with 18-25 years old men, men aged 26-35 years old had higher possibility to clear high-risk HPV infections (HR: 2.14, 95%CI: 1.08-4.23).@*Conclusion@#Circumcised and uncircumcised men had similar incidence of genital HPV infection, whereas, men conducted circumcision and having fewer sexual partners could increase the clearance of genital HPV infections.
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Objective@#To investigate the seroprevalence and epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in pregnant women in Xiamen.@*Methods@#Sera samples of 910 pregnant women were collected from September 2014 to June 2015 in Xiamen Huli District Maternity and Child Care Hospital. Those who intended to give birth in target hospital were included in a subgroup which was asked to collect the second serum sample. All samples were tested for anti-HEV IgM and IgG antibody by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HEV RNA was tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the positive samples of anti-HEV IgM antibody, meanwhile, the quantitative detections for anti-HEV IgG were conducted in specimens positive for anti-HEV IgG.@*Results@#Of the 910 pregnant women, 8 (0.88%, 95%CI 0.45%-1.73%) were anti-HEV IgM positive. HEV RNA was found in 3 cases through RT-PCR and viral load values were between 600 and 700 copies/ml; 140 (15.38%, 95%CI 13.19%-17.68%) were anti-HEV IgG positive and geometric mean concentration of the samples was 0.385 Wu/mL (95%CI 0.332-0.445 Wu/ml). The positive rate of anti-HEV IgG increased with age (P=0.004). In the subgroup, 150 pregnant women were included and followed up, 4 of those were defined as 'new HEV infection cases’ and the incidence was evaluated as 10.7/100 person-year (95%CI 3.39-25.7/100 person-year).@*Conclusions@#There were a low percentage of HEV carriers in pregnant women in Xiamen, but the risk of new primary infection in pregnant women during pregnancy was much higher than the general population, suggesting that it is necessary to expand sample size to clarify the burden of HEV infection during pregnancy.
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Herpes zoster ( HZ, also known as shingles) , caused by reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus ( VZV) , is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters involving a limited area. Elderly individuals older than fifty years of age are at increased risk of contracting HZ. In China, HZ becomes a significant health burden along with population aging. The virological characteristics, clinical di-agnosis, epidemiological characteristics of HZ are summarized in this review. Moreover, the burden of HZ, risk factors as well as the prevention and control of HZ are also discussed.