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With the acceleration of aging process and the increase of average life in China, the number of disabled elderly in China is also growing rapidly, which undoubtedly brings a heavy care burden and pressure to families and society.Facing the great challenges brought by aging, the increasing evidences show that only by reducing the incidence of disease and disability from the source, improving the health level of the elderly, prolonging their healthy life and realizing healthy aging, we can fundamentally alleviate the great pressure brought by the aging society.The concept of motor function maintenance and health promotion of the elderly has become an important link and breakthrough to realize healthy aging and active health.Facing the requirements of active health medicine and the development trend of science and technology in the future, it is imperative to deeply study the motion characteristics and function maintenance of the elderly, and promote the development of sports medicine with innovative technologies such as internet, big data and artificial intelligence.In the future, we will continue to improve the assessment and maintenance system for motor function of the elderly, develop and optimize functional maintenance products that meet the exercise needs of the elderly, and actively build an elderly-friendly sports environment support system, thereby promoting the healthy China strategy and realize healthy aging to the greatest extent.
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Objective:To investigate the characteristics of changes in muscle quality and strength in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:A total of 670 patients(320 males and 350 females)aged 50 years and over from the endocrinology departments of 9 hospitals in Beijing were recruited as the type 2 diabetes mellitus group(T2DM group)by using systematic random sampling, and 214(54 males and 75 females)age-matched Beijing Hospital retirees without T2DM were randomly enrolled as the control group.Body composition was measured by using bioimpedance analysis.Low muscle mass was defined as appendicular skeletal muscle mass index(ASMI)below 7.18 kg/m 2 in men and 5.73 kg/m 2 in women.Low muscle strength was defined as grip strength below 29.5 kg in men and 21.2 kg in women.Sarcopenia was defined by the presence of low muscle mass with low grip strength.Muscle quality was calculated by grip strength divided by muscle mass of the dominant upper limb, and muscle strength per mass unit was compared.Multivariate Logistic regression was used for correlation analysis. Results:The fasting blood glucose(FPG)level, the waist to hip ratio, the percentages of smokers and drinkers, and the proportions of subjects with concurrent hypertension and coronary heart disease were higher in the T2DM group than in the control group( P<0.05 or 0.01). Compared with the control group, grip strength and muscle quality decreased significantly in male T2DM patients( t=4.408 and 3.972, P<0.01). In male participants, BMI( t=-5.567, 95% CI: -0.375~-0.179, P<0.01)and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)( t=-2.322, 95% CI: -0.420~-0.035, P<0.05)were negatively correlated with muscle quality, while old age( OR=1.062, 95% CI: 1.023~1.103, P<0.01; OR=1.074, 95% CI: 1.027~1.122, P<0.01)and increased HbA1c level( OR=1.062, 95% CI: 1.023~1.103, P<0.01; OR=1.074, 95% CI: 1.027~1.122, P<0.01)were risk factors for low muscle strength and sarcopenia. Conclusions:Compared with non-diabetes patients, muscle quality and strength decrease significantly in middle-aged and elderly male T2DM patients.Besides aging, increased levels of HbA1c and BMI are risk factors for low muscle quality and strength.
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Objective To explore the utility of different body composition for the prediction of myocardial ischemia in exercise in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods T2DM outpatients were selected from Jul. 2013 to Nov. 2014 (male 83, female 57) to measure body composition and clinical biochemical parameters, and divided them into two groups according to treadmill exercise testing results. Group A cases were positive (27 patients) and Group B cases were negative (113 patients). SPSS19.0 was used to make statistical analysis. Results (1) The age, gender, diabetes mellitus (DM) duration, medical history of hypertension and dyslipidemia, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, the waist-hip fat ratio of the two groups had no significant difference (P>0.05). (2) The fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) between the two groups had no significant difference. Compared with group B, the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of group A [(2.48 ± 0.75) mmol/L vs. (2.81 ± 0.77) mmol/L, t=2.009, P<0.05] decreased significantly. (3) Overall body fat percentage, skeletal muscle weight of the two groups had no significant difference. Compared with group B, the waist-hip fat ratio (0.93±0.06 vs. 0.88±0.08, t=-2.790, P<0.01) andvisceral fat area [(99.47 ± 32.84) cm2 vs. (81.10 ± 25.47) cm2, t=-2.822, P<0.01] of group A increased significantly, while this difference mainly existed in male patients visceral fat area [(100.99±39.33) cm2 vs. (79.91 ± 27.09) cm2, t=-2.231, P<0.05], and waist-hip fat ratio was different in female patients of the two groups (0.91±0.06 vs. 0.85±0.09, t=-2.043, P<0.05) . Conclusion Abdominal obesity, especially visceral fat accumulation had close correlation with myocardial ischemia in exercise in T2DM patients. Waist-hip fat ratio and visceral fat area may be more effective indicators of myocardial ischemia in exercise in T 2DM patients than BMI.