Application of thinprep liquid-based cytologic test combined with immunofluorescence staining in the detection of urinary podocytes / 临床检验杂志

Objective@#To compare the indirect immunofluorescence staining effect of urinary podocytes by thinprep liquid-based cytologic test (TCT) with that by the conventional centrifugal smear method, and explore its clinical application value. @*Methods@#The morning urine samples from 50 patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and 14 healthy controls were smeared with the TCT and conventional centrifugation method, respectively, and then the indirect immunofluorescence staining were performed to observe the morphology of podocytes. @*Results@#For 64 urine samples, the satisfactory rate of TCT smears (85.94%) was significantly higher than that of conventional smears (50.00%), and the podocyte detection rate of TCT smears (73.47%) was also significantly higher than that of conventional smears (51.02%) (P＜0.05). When urinary podocytes of the same patient were positive by both methods, the reading effect of TCT smears was obviously superior to that of conventional smears. @*Conclusion@#The TCT combined with indirect immunofluorescence staining is obviously superior to the conventional centrifugal smear method in the podocyte diagnosis of urine samples.

The inhibitory effect of silencing RAGE gene expression by shRNA on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells / 肿瘤

Objective:To construct a specific small hairpin RNA (shRNA) expressing vectors against human receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) gene and study its inhibitory effect on the proliferation of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells DU145. Methods:Four RAGE specific oligonucleotides were designed and synthesized. These oligonucleotides were annealed to forill double strand DNA fragments and this fragment was cloned into psi-U6 plasmid. The recombinants were transfected into RAGE-overexpressing sub DU145-2C1 cells. Cellular morphology and transfection efficiency were observed under fluorescence microscope. The inhibitory effect of RAGE shRNA construct on RAGE mRNA and protein expression was examined with semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. The cellular proliferation was detected with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Scratch test was used to observe the migration of DU145 cells.Results:RAGE shRNA expression plasmids were successfully constructed and transfected into sub DU145-2C1 cells. It can effectively inhibit the expression of RAGE mRNA (P<0.05). The inhibitory effects of shRNA RAGE-1 (R1) was the most stronger. The RAGE mRNA expression was inhibited by 84% and RAGE protein expression was inhibited by 27%. Compared with negative control, the proliferation potential was significantly decreased in shRNA RAGE-transfected cells. The cell migration capability had no significant changes. Conclusion:RAGE shRNA effectively inhibited the expression of RAGE mRNA and protein and suppressed the proliferation of DU145 cells in vitro.

Clinical application of argon plasma coagulation (APC) trans-choledochoscopy in the treatment of biliary tract related complications following liver transplantation / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical value of argon plasma coagulation (APC)trans-choledochoscopy in biliary tract complications following liver transplantation. Methods All 27 patients underwent T-tube-choledochoscopy or percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscope (PTCS).APC was used to burn the hyperplasia of bile duct stenosis and then expended the stenosis with bougienage. The bile duct foreign bodies were burnt by APC and then eliminated. The granulation tissues of bile duct were burnt by APC after biopsied. The sutures of anastomoses were burnt by APC and then eliminated. Results In general, the therapeutic achievement ratio of stenosis of bile duct in 25 cases of 28 locations was 78. 6% (22/28). The clearance ratio of bile duct foreign bodies was 85. 7% (6/7). The elimination ratio of granulation tissues was 100% (5/5), the same as the elimination ratio of sutures of anastomoses. There were no treatment-related complications about APC. The recurrence ratio of bile duct stenosis was respectively 4.5% (1/22) and 13. 6% (3/22)after follow-up for 3 and 6 months respectively. All the recurrent stenosis was non-anastomotic. The recurrence ratio of bile duct foreign bodies was respectively 16. 7% (1/6) and 33.3% (2/6) after follow-up for 3 and 6 months respectively. Conclusion APC trans-choledochoscopy in treatment of biliary anastomotic stenosis, mural foreign bodies, mural biliary cast, granulation tissues of bile duct and sutures of anastomoses following liver transplantion has a high success ratio and a sure long-term efficacy without treatment-related complications.

Mechanisms underlying blood pressure control of cardiovascular centers / 生物医学工程学杂志

This review systematically introduces the functional connections among cardiovascular centers from spinal cord to cortex, and the mechanisms underlying pressor or depressor response of these cardiovascular centers, including the pathways, transmitters and receptors involved. The pressor or depressor response of these cardiovascular centers is mainly mediated by RVLM-sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve system.

INTRACEREBROVENTRICULAR ADMINISTRATION OF ADRENOMEDULLIN ACTIVATES CATECHOLAMINERGIC NEURONS OF RATS / 神经解剖学杂志

We examined the effects of intracerebroventricular ( i. c. v) administration of adrenomedullin (ADM) on catecholaminergic neurons and the expression of c-fos gene in rat brain nuclei involved in cardiovascular regulation using double immunohistochemical method for Fos and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The results showed that: ( 1 ) Following icy administration of ADM (3 nmol/kg) , double-labeled neurons for Fos and TH were significantly increased in the area postrema ( AP), the nucleus of the solitary tract ( NTS), the nucleus paragigantocelluaris laterialis (PGL) and the locus coeruleus (LC). (2) Pretreatment with calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonis CGRP8-37 (30 nmol/kg) significantly reduced the action of ADM (3 nmol/kg) in the brain. The present study suggested that ADM might activate the neurons of the brain nuclei involved in cardiovascular regulation, and supported the hypothesis that the central action of ADM were induced by activating the catecholaminergic neurons of brainstem nuclei involved in cardiovascular regulation, CGRP receptor might mediate the effects of ADM.

Intracerebroventricular administration of adrenomedullin activates area postrema neurons in sino-aortic denervated rats / 基础医学与临床

Objective To examine the effects of intracerebroventricular administration of adrenomedullin (AM) on the expression of Fos and spontaneous electric activity of area postrema (AP) neurons in sino-aortic denervated rats. Methods To determine the expression of Fos and the spontaneous electrical activity of AP neurons in male Sprague-Dawley rats by immunohistochemistry. Results Following Intracerebroventricular administration of AM (1 nmol/kg, 3 nmol/kg), Fos-like immunoreactive (Fos-LI) neurons and the discharge rate of AP neurons markedly increased. Pretreatment with calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) receptor antagonist CGRP8-37 (30 nmol/kg) significantly inhibited the effects of AM (3 nmol/kg). Conclusion AM may activate the neurons in AP via CGRP receptors.